2016 United States presidential election in Wisconsin

The 2016 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 United States presidential election. Wisconsin voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting Republican Party nominee Donald Trump against Democratic Party nominee Hillary Clinton.

2016 United States presidential election in Wisconsin

November 8, 2016
Turnout	67.34% [1]
Nominee Donald Trump Hillary Clinton Party Republican Democratic Home state New York New York Running mate Mike Pence Tim Kaine Electoral vote 10 0 Popular vote 1,405,284 1,382,536 Percentage 47.22% 46.45%
County Results Trump   40–50%   50–60%   60–70%   70–80% Clinton   40–50%   50–60%   60–70%   70–80%
President before election Barack Obama Democratic Elected President Donald Trump Republican

Results by county with size showing number of votes

Treemap of the popular vote by county

On April 5, 2016, in the presidential primaries, Wisconsin voters expressed their preferences for the Democratic and Republican Parties' respective nominees for president in an open primary; voters were allowed to vote in either party's primary regardless of their own party affiliation. Bernie Sanders prevailed in Wisconsin's Democratic primary, while Ted Cruz won Wisconsin's Republican primary.

In the general election, Donald Trump unexpectedly won Wisconsin by a narrow margin of 0.77%, with 47.22% of the total votes over the 46.45% of Hillary Clinton. Wisconsin was the tipping-point state of the 2016 election; that is, the closest state that both candidates needed to win in order to emerge with a victory in the election (for example, Michigan, while closer, was not necessary for a Trump victory).[2]

Trump's victory in Wisconsin was attributed to underestimated support from white working-class voters, a demographic group that had previously tended to vote for the Democratic candidate.[3][4][5] By winning Wisconsin, Trump became the first Republican candidate to win the state since Ronald Reagan in 1984. Following a statewide recount requested by Green Party candidate Jill Stein's campaign, Trump was certified to have won Wisconsin by a narrow margin of 1,405,284 votes to Clinton's 1,382,536.[6]

Wisconsin was also one of eleven states to have voted twice for Bill Clinton in the 1990s which Hillary Clinton lost.

Background

The incumbent President of the United States, Barack Obama, a Democrat, was first elected president in the 2008 election, running with then Senator Joe Biden of Delaware. Defeating the Republican nominee, Senator John McCain of Arizona, with 52.9% of the popular vote and 68% of the electoral vote,[7][8] Obama succeeded two-term Republican President George W. Bush. Obama and Biden were reelected in the 2012 presidential election, defeating former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney with 51.1% of the popular vote and 61.7% of electoral votes.[9] Although Barack Obama's approval rating in the RealClearPolitics poll tracking average remained between 40 and 50 percent for most of his second term, it has experienced a surge in early 2016 and reached its highest point since 2012 during June of that year.[10][11] Analyst Nate Cohn has noted that a strong approval rating for President Obama would equate to a strong performance for the Democratic candidate, and vice versa.[12]

Following his second term, President Obama was not eligible for another reelection. In October 2015, Obama's running-mate and two-term Vice President Biden decided not to enter the race for the Democratic presidential nomination either.[13] With Obama and Biden's terms expiring on January 20, 2017, the electorate was asked to elect a new president, the 45th president and 48th vice president of the United States, respectively.

Democratic nomination process

Democratic presidential debate in Milwaukee, February 2016

The Democratic Party held its sixth presidential debate on February 11, 2016, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. The debate was hosted by PBS NewsHour anchors Gwen Ifill and Judy Woodruff; it aired on PBS and was simulcast by CNN. Participants were Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders.

Democratic primary, April 2016

Election results by county.

  Bernie Sanders

  Hillary Clinton

Wisconsin Democratic primary, April 5, 2016
Candidate	Popular vote		Estimated delegates
	Count	Percentage	Pledged	Unpledged	Total
Bernie Sanders	570,192	56.59%	48	1	49
Hillary Clinton	433,739	43.05%	38	9	47
Martin O'Malley (withdrawn)	1,732	0.17%
Roque "Rocky" De La Fuente (write-in)	18	0.00%
Scattering	431	0.04%
Uncommitted	1,488	0.15%	0	0	0
Total	1,007,600	100%	86	10	96
Source: The Green Papers, Wisconsin Secretary of State

Green Party presidential preference convention

The Wisconsin Green Party held its presidential preference vote at its annual state convention in Madison, Wisconsin, on April 16.[14]

Wisconsin Green Party presidential convention, April 13, 2016[15]
Candidate	Votes	Percentage	National delegates
Jill Stein	–	–	7
William Kreml	–	–	1
Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry	–	–	–
Darryl Cherney	–	–	–
Kent Mesplay	–	–	–
Total	-	100.00%	8

Republican nomination process

Presidential debate in Milwaukee, November 2015

The Republican Party held its fourth presidential debate on November 10, 2015, in Milwaukee, at the Milwaukee Theatre. Moderated by Neil Cavuto, Maria Bartiromo and Gerard Baker, the debate aired on the Fox Business Network and was sponsored by The Wall Street Journal. Eight candidates including Donald Trump, Ben Carson, Marco Rubio, Ted Cruz, Jeb Bush, Carly Fiorina, John Kasich, and Rand Paul, participated in the primetime debate that was mostly focused on jobs, taxes, and the general health of the U.S. economy, as well as on domestic and international policy issues. The accompanying undercard debate featured Chris Christie, Mike Huckabee, Rick Santorum, and Bobby Jindal who ended his campaign a week after the debate.

Republican primary, April 2016

Election results by county.

  Ted Cruz

  Donald Trump

Wisconsin Republican primary, April 5, 2016
Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Actual delegate count
			Bound	Unbound	Total
Ted Cruz	533,079	48.20%	36	0	36
Donald Trump	387,295	35.02%	6	0	6
John Kasich	155,902	14.10%	0	0	0
Marco Rubio (withdrawn)	10,591	0.96%	0	0	0
Ben Carson (withdrawn)	5,660	0.51%	0	0	0
Jeb Bush (withdrawn)	3,054	0.28%	0	0	0
Rand Paul (withdrawn)	2,519	0.23%	0	0	0
Uncommitted	2,281	0.21%	0	0	0
Mike Huckabee (withdrawn)	1,424	0.13%	0	0	0
Chris Christie (withdrawn)	1,191	0.11%	0	0	0
Carly Fiorina (withdrawn)	772	0.07%	0	0	0
Rick Santorum (withdrawn)	511	0.05%	0	0	0
Jim Gilmore (withdrawn)	245	0.02%	0	0	0
Victor Williams (write-in)	39	<0.01%	0	0	0
Unprojected delegates:			0	0	0
Total:	1,105,944	100.00%	42	0	42
Source: The Green Papers

Forecast

State voting history

Wisconsin joined the Union in May 1848 and has participated in all elections from 1848 onwards.

Since 1900, Wisconsin has been won by the Democrats and Republicans the same number of times.[16] Republican-turned-Progressive Robert M. La Follette Sr. carried the state in the 1924 presidential election.

The state voted for the Democratic nominee in the seven elections from 1988 to 2012, although sometimes by small margins, as it was in 1992, 2000, and 2004. There were other occasions, in contrast, when the margin of victory was substantial, such as 1996, 2008, and 2012.[16]

Predictions

Source	Ranking	As of
Los Angeles Times[17]	Likely D	November 6, 2016
CNN[18]	Lean D	November 4, 2016
Cook Political Report[19]	Lean D	November 7, 2016
Electoral-vote.com[20]	Likely D	November 8, 2016
Sabato's Crystal Ball[21]	Likely D	November 7, 2016
Fox News[22]	Lean D	November 7, 2016

Polling

Polls consistently showed Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton leading by a margin of two to eight points in a four-way race.[23] The last poll published prior to the election was by SurveyMonkey and had Hillary Clinton with a two-point lead over Donald Trump.[23] Clinton never visited the state during the general election campaign, while Trump visited six times.[24] On election day, Trump ended up carrying the state by less than a point, a difference of an average of 5 to 6 points from most pre-election polling.[23] Prior to the election, many major news networks and professional and election analysts predicted the state as either lean or likely Democratic. Wisconsin's unexpected swing to Trump, along with two other Rust Belt states (Pennsylvania, Michigan), was the deciding factor in his win of 306–232 over Clinton, despite her gaining the majority of votes. Clinton referenced the loss in her memoir What Happened: "If there's one place where we were caught by surprise, it was Wisconsin. Polls showed us comfortably ahead, right up until the end. They also looked good for the Democrat running for Senate, Russ Feingold."[25]

Statewide results

2016 United States presidential election in Wisconsin
Party		Candidate	Running mate	Votes	Percentage	Electoral votes
	Republican	Donald Trump	Mike Pence	1,405,284	47.22%	10
	Democratic	Hillary Clinton	Tim Kaine	1,382,536	46.45%	0
	Libertarian	Gary Johnson	William Weld	106,674	3.58%	0
	Green	Jill Stein	Ajamu Baraka	31,072	1.04%	0
	Constitution	Darrell Castle	Scott Bradley	12,162	0.41%	0
	Independent (write-in votes)	Evan McMullin	Nathan Johnson	11,855	0.40%	0
	Workers World	Monica Moorehead	Lamont Lilly	1,770	0.06%	0
	Independent	Rocky De La Fuente	Michael Steinberg	1,502	0.05%	0
	Others / Write-In Votes	-	-	23,295	0.78%	0
Totals				2,976,150	100.00%	10
Source: Wisconsin Elections Commission

Results breakdown

By congressional districts

District results showing number of votes by size and candidate by color.[26]

Official district results after recount from the Wisconsin Elections Commission.[26]

District	Trump	Clinton	(others)	Representative
1st	52%	42%	6%	Paul Ryan (R)
2nd	29%	65%	6%	Mark Pocan (D)
3rd	49%	44%	7%	Ron Kind (D)
4th	22%	73%	5%	Gwen Moore (D)
5th	57%	37%	7%	Jim Sensenbrenner (R)
6th	55%	38%	7%	Glenn Grothman (R)
7th	58%	37%	6%	Sean Duffy (R)
8th	57%	37%	6%	Mike Gallagher (R)

Results by county

Official results by county following recount.[27]

County	Clinton	Votes	Trump	Votes	Johnson	Votes	Stein	Votes	Others	Votes	Total
Adams	36.97%	3,745	58.89%	5,966	2.13%	216	0.78%	79	1.22%	124	10,130
Ashland	52.61%	4,226	41.12%	3,303	2.42%	194	2.08%	167	1.77%	142	8,032
Barron	34.80%	7,889	60.05%	13,614	3.21%	727	0.75%	170	1.20%	271	22,671
Bayfield	51.53%	4,953	42.90%	4,124	2.05%	197	1.92%	185	1.59%	153	9,612
Brown	41.38%	53,382	52.10%	67,210	3.86%	4,985	1.06%	1,371	1.60%	2,063	129,011
Buffalo	36.17%	2,525	57.99%	4,048	3.12%	218	1.06%	74	1.66%	116	6,981
Burnett	33.75%	2,949	61.91%	5,410	2.70%	236	0.77%	67	0.87%	76	8,738
Calumet	36.25%	9,642	57.78%	15,367	3.96%	1,054	0.77%	204	1.23%	328	26,595
Chippewa	37.66%	11,887	56.75%	17,916	3.86%	1,219	0.84%	264	0.89%	282	31,568
Clark	30.87%	4,221	63.28%	8,652	3.33%	455	0.80%	109	1.73%	236	13,673
Columbia	45.55%	13,528	47.69%	14,163	3.68%	1,092	1.17%	346	1.92%	569	29,698
Crawford	44.24%	3,419	49.64%	3,836	3.58%	277	0.94%	73	1.59%	123	7,728
Dane	70.37%	217,697	23.04%	71,275	3.41%	10,541	1.40%	4,316	1.79%	5,525	309,354
Dodge	32.42%	13,968	61.83%	26,635	3.57%	1,538	0.84%	361	1.34%	576	43,078
Door	45.55%	8,014	48.77%	8,580	3.17%	558	0.82%	145	1.68%	295	17,592
Douglas	50.39%	11,357	42.87%	9,661	3.21%	724	1.50%	339	2.02%	455	22,536
Dunn	40.87%	9,034	51.96%	11,486	4.94%	1,093	1.33%	294	0.90%	199	22,106
Eau Claire	49.69%	27,340	42.40%	23,331	4.55%	2,504	1.27%	698	2.09%	1,152	55,025
Florence	25.04%	665	71.46%	1,898	2.41%	64	0.64%	17	0.45%	12	2,656
Fond du Lac	33.57%	17,387	59.89%	31,022	3.69%	1,909	0.86%	448	1.99%	1,030	51,796
Forest	34.74%	1,579	61.32%	2,787	1.85%	84	0.95%	43	1.14%	52	4,545
Grant	41.25%	10,051	50.68%	12,350	4.78%	1,164	1.31%	319	1.99%	484	24,368
Green	48.05%	9,122	45.79%	8,693	3.62%	687	1.03%	196	1.51%	287	18,985
Green Lake	28.60%	2,693	66.02%	6,216	2.93%	276	0.80%	75	1.66%	156	9,416
Iowa	54.33%	6,669	39.18%	4,809	3.71%	456	0.95%	116	1.83%	225	12,275
Iron	36.29%	1,275	59.24%	2,081	1.99%	70	1.14%	40	1.34%	47	3,513
Jackson	41.20%	3,818	52.94%	4,906	3.24%	300	1.17%	108	1.46%	135	9,267
Jefferson	38.44%	16,569	54.32%	23,417	3.86%	1,662	1.07%	461	2.32%	1,000	43,109
Juneau	34.71%	4,073	60.76%	7,130	2.36%	277	0.89%	105	1.28%	150	11,735
Kenosha	46.92%	35,799	47.23%	36,037	3.58%	2,733	1.14%	868	1.14%	867	76,304
Kewaunee	33.69%	3,627	61.47%	6,618	3.24%	349	0.73%	79	0.87%	94	10,767
La Crosse	50.89%	32,406	41.43%	26,378	4.20%	2,673	1.44%	919	2.04%	1,298	63,674
Lafayette	42.91%	3,288	51.91%	3,977	3.11%	238	0.64%	49	1.44%	110	7,662
Langlade	31.91%	3,250	63.60%	6,478	2.73%	278	0.67%	68	1.10%	112	10,186
Lincoln	36.51%	5,371	57.10%	8,401	4.05%	596	0.77%	114	1.56%	230	14,712
Manitowoc	35.64%	14,538	56.99%	23,244	3.83%	1,562	0.85%	347	2.68%	1,095	40,786
Marathon	38.09%	26,481	56.12%	39,014	3.35%	2,329	0.92%	641	1.51%	1,053	69,518
Marinette	31.50%	6,409	64.50%	13,122	2.58%	524	0.63%	129	0.78%	159	20,343
Marquette	35.58%	2,808	59.68%	4,709	2.38%	188	0.63%	50	1.72%	136	7,891
Menominee	76.61%	1,002	20.41%	267	0.92%	12	1.83%	24	0.23%	3	1,308
Milwaukee	65.48%	288,822	28.58%	126,069	3.08%	13,590	1.03%	4,528	1.82%	8,044	441,053
Monroe	35.80%	7,052	57.65%	11,356	3.59%	707	1.18%	232	1.79%	352	19,699
Oconto	29.40%	5,940	66.04%	13,345	2.92%	590	0.58%	118	1.05%	213	20,206
Oneida	37.66%	8,109	56.35%	12,132	3.49%	751	0.92%	199	1.58%	340	21,531
Outagamie	40.53%	38,068	53.10%	49,879	4.19%	3,933	1.05%	986	1.14%	1,067	93,933
Ozaukee	36.97%	20,170	55.84%	30,464	3.87%	2,111	0.71%	387	2.62%	1,428	54,560
Pepin	35.98%	1,344	59.06%	2,206	3.11%	116	0.88%	33	0.96%	36	3,735
Pierce	39.29%	8,399	52.73%	11,272	4.92%	1,052	1.31%	279	1.75%	374	21,376
Polk	33.26%	7,565	60.72%	13,810	3.89%	885	1.02%	232	1.11%	253	22,745
Portage	48.02%	18,529	44.84%	17,305	3.87%	1,493	1.51%	583	1.76%	679	38,589
Price	35.24%	2,667	60.24%	4,559	2.62%	198	1.08%	82	0.82%	62	7,568
Racine	45.22%	42,641	49.50%	46,681	3.45%	3,253	0.88%	833	0.95%	894	94,302
Richland	44.23%	3,569	49.73%	4,013	3.01%	243	1.38%	111	1.65%	133	8,069
Rock	51.71%	39,339	41.40%	31,493	3.76%	2,859	1.16%	885	1.97%	1,498	76,074
Rusk	30.63%	2,171	64.39%	4,564	2.78%	197	0.89%	63	1.31%	93	7,088
Sauk	46.85%	14,690	47.20%	14,799	3.52%	1,103	1.35%	424	1.09%	341	31,357
Sawyer	38.34%	3,503	56.75%	5,185	2.30%	210	1.08%	99	1.53%	140	9,137
Shawano	30.63%	6,068	64.46%	12,769	3.09%	613	0.87%	173	0.94%	187	19,810
Sheboygan	38.48%	23,000	54.40%	32,514	3.98%	2,378	0.92%	547	2.22%	1,327	59,766
St Croix	36.80%	17,482	55.19%	26,222	4.92%	2,337	1.07%	510	2.01%	957	47,508
Taylor	25.27%	2,393	69.46%	6,579	3.11%	295	0.71%	67	1.45%	137	9,471
Trempealeau	41.18%	5,636	53.82%	7,366	2.83%	388	0.86%	118	1.31%	179	13,687
Vernon	44.63%	6,371	49.06%	7,004	3.02%	431	2.04%	291	1.25%	178	14,275
Vilas	35.05%	4,770	60.00%	8,166	2.50%	340	0.86%	117	1.60%	218	13,611
Walworth	36.41%	18,710	56.16%	28,863	4.12%	2,116	1.19%	612	2.12%	1,090	51,391
Washburn	35.70%	3,282	59.13%	5,436	2.96%	272	0.82%	75	1.39%	128	9,193
Washington	27.17%	20,852	67.41%	51,740	3.58%	2,747	0.71%	543	1.14%	875	76,757
Waukesha	33.34%	79,224	60.00%	142,543	3.73%	8,897	0.70%	1,673	2.21%	5,256	237,593
Waupaca	32.39%	8,451	62.12%	16,209	3.07%	801	0.93%	242	1.50%	392	26,095
Waushara	31.40%	3,791	63.50%	7,667	2.70%	326	0.80%	96	1.61%	194	12,074
Winnebago	42.52%	37,047	49.86%	43,445	4.38%	3,818	1.22%	1,063	2.02%	1,762	87,135
Wood	37.61%	14,225	56.85%	21,498	3.61%	1,365	1.04%	393	0.89%	337	37,818
Totals	46.45%	1,382,536	47.22%	1,405,284	3.58%	106,674	1.04%	31,072	1.70%	50,584	2,976,150

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

• Adams (largest city: Adams)
• Buffalo (largest city: Mondovi)
• Columbia (largest city: Portage)
• Crawford (largest city: Prairie du Chien)
• Door (largest city: Sturgeon Bay)
• Dunn (largest city: Menomonie)
• Forest (largest city: Crandon)
• Grant (largest city: Platteville)
• Jackson (largest city: Black River Falls)
• Juneau (largest city: Mauston)
• Kenosha (largest city: Kenosha)
• Lafayette (largest city: Darlington)
• Lincoln (largest city: Merrill)
• Marquette (largest city: Montello)
• Pepin (largest city: Durand)
• Price (largest city: Park Falls)
• Racine (largest city: Racine)
• Richland (largest city: Richland Center)
• Sauk (largest city: Baraboo)
• Sawyer (largest city: Hayward)
• Trempealeau (largest city: Arcadia)
• Vernon (largest city: Viroqua)
• Winnebago (largest city: Oshkosh)

Recount

On November 25, 2016, with 90 minutes remaining on the deadline to petition for a recount to the state's electoral body, Jill Stein, 2016 presidential candidate of the Green Party of the United States, filed for a recount of the election results in Wisconsin. She signaled she intended to file for similar recounts in the subsequent days in the states of Michigan and Pennsylvania.[28] On November 26, the Clinton campaign announced that they were joining the recount effort in Wisconsin.[29]

The final result of the recount confirmed Trump's victory in Wisconsin, where he gained a net 131 votes.[30] Trump gained 837 additional votes, while Clinton gained 706 additional votes.[31] During the recount Trump had filed a lawsuit to halt the process, but a federal judge had rejected the lawsuit.[32]

See also

• 2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums
• 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries
• 2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums
• 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries
• 2016 United States presidential election recounts

References

1. "Wisconsin Voter Turnout Statistics – Wisconsin Elections Commission". elections.wi.gov.
2. "Election results timeline: how the night unfolded".
3. "White working-class voters flipped Wisconsin red". Retrieved March 10, 2017.
4. Cohn, Nate (November 9, 2016). "Why Trump Won: Working-Class Whites". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
5. "NBC News Exit Poll in Wisconsin: Trump Energizes White Working Class". NBC News. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
6. "2016 National Popular Vote Tracker: Overall Vote".
7. "United States House of Representatives floor summary for Jan 8, 2009". Clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved January 30, 2009.
8. "Federal elections 2008" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
9. "President Map". The New York Times. November 29, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
10. "Election Other – President Obama Job Approval". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
11. Byrnes, Jesse (June 15, 2016). "Poll: Obama approval rating highest since 2012". TheHill. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
12. Cohn, Nate (January 19, 2015). "What a Rise in Obama's Approval Rating Means for 2016". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
13. "Joe Biden Decides Not to Enter Presidential Race". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
14. "WIGP Spring Gathering & Presidential Nominating Convention Sat. 4/16 in Madison". Wisconsin Green Party. April 1, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
15. "Happy to report that I received a delegate in... – William P. Kreml". Retrieved April 20, 2016.
16. "Wisconsin Presidential Election 2016 Results LIVE Updates". usaelections-2016.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2016.
17. "Our final map has Clinton winning with 352 electoral votes. Compare your picks with ours". Los Angeles Times. November 6, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
18. Chalian, David (November 4, 2016). "Road to 270: CNN's new election map". CNN. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
19. "2016 Electoral Scorecard". The Cook Political Report. November 7, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
20. "2016 Electoral Map Prediction". Electoral-vote.com. November 8, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
21. Sabato, Larry J. (November 7, 2016). "2016 President". University of Virginia Center for Politics. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
22. "Electoral Scorecard: Map shifts again in Trump's favor, as Clinton holds edge". Fox News. November 7, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
23. 2016 Wisconsin election forecast (538), accessed October 20, 2020
24. Trump Out-Campaigned Clinton by 50 Percent in Key Battleground States in Final Stretch. NBC News. 13 November 2016.
25. Hillary Clinton was caught by surprise by Wisconsin loss, she says in her book, 'What Happened'. Journal Sentinel. 12 September 2017
26. PresidentContest RecountResult WardByWard withDistricts.xlsx (Microsoft Excel), Wisconsin Elections Commission, December 12, 2016
27. County by County Report President of the United States Recount.xlsx (Microsoft Excel), Wisconsin Elections Commission, December 12, 2016
28. Adam Howard (November 25, 2016). "Election recount process to begin in Wisconsin after Green Party petition". nbcnews.com.
29. Scott, Eugene. "Clinton to join recount that Trump calls 'scam'". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
30. Levy, Marc. "US Judge Rejects Green Party's Pennsylvania Recount Case". ABC News. Archived from the original on December 12, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
31. Matthew DeFour, Wisconsin State Journal. "Completed Wisconsin recount widens Donald Trump's lead by 131 votes". madison.com.
32. Presidential recount in Wauwatosa yields little change. Article by Chris Barlow from 13 December 2016 for the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

Further reading

• David Weigel; Lauren Tierney (August 16, 2020), "The seven political states of Wisconsin", Washingtonpost.com, archived from the original on September 17, 2020

External links

• RNC 2016 Republican Nominating Process
• Green papers for 2016 primaries, caucuses, and conventions
• FoxNews full election coverage, Wisconsin