2001 New York City mayoral election

The New York City mayoral election of 2001 was held on November 6, 2001. Incumbent Republican mayor Rudy Giuliani could not run again due to term limits. As Democrats outnumbered Republicans by a five-to-one margin in the city, it was widely believed that a Democrat would succeed him in City Hall. Businessman Michael Bloomberg, a lifelong Democrat, changed his party affiliation and ran as a Republican. Mark J. Green narrowly defeated Fernando Ferrer in the Democratic primary[nb 1], surviving a negative contest that divided the party and consumed the vast majority of the Green campaign's financial resources. After a campaign that was largely overshadowed by the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Bloomberg won the general election with 50.3% of the vote to Green's 47.9%.

2001 New York City mayoral election

November 6, 2001

Nominee Michael Bloomberg Mark J. Green Party Republican Democratic Alliance Independence Working Families Popular vote 744,757 709,268 Percentage 50.3% 47.9%

Borough results Bloomberg:      50–60%      70–80% Green:      50–60%

Mayor before election Rudy Giuliani Republican Elected Mayor Michael Bloomberg Republican

Background

The primaries originally began on September 11. However, the September 11 attacks caused the primary to be postponed until September 25 (votes cast on September 11 were not counted), and the run-off occurred on October 11.[1][2][3]

Late in the primary, Green was roundly criticized for the actions of supporters that were construed as racist, involving literature with New York Post caricatures of Ferrer and Al Sharpton distributed in white enclaves of Brooklyn and Staten Island. Green stated that he had nothing to do with the dissemination of the literature. An investigation by the Brooklyn District Attorney came to the conclusion that "Mark Green had no knowledge of these events, and that when he learned of them, he repeatedly denounced the distribution of this literature and sought to find out who had engaged in it."[4] Nevertheless, the incident is thought to have diminished minority turnout in the general election and helped the Republican candidate win in an overwhelmingly Democratic city. (Village Voice columnist Peter Noel wrote that "Mark Green... may have replaced [Giuliani] as the most hated white man in the African American community,"[5] an ironic twist for someone who had been so popular in that community for so long.)

The September 11 terrorist attacks occurred on the morning that the primary election was first attempted (it was halted and held two weeks later) and also may have contributed to Green's loss, since the media barely covered the subsequent general election.[1]

General election candidates

Republican Party

• Michael R. Bloomberg

Democratic Party

• Mark J. Green

Conservative Party

• Terrance M. Gray

Liberal Party

• Alan G. Hevesi

Green Party

• Julia Willebrand

Libertarian Party

• Kenny Kramer

American Dream Party

• Kenneth B. Golding

Marijuana Reform Party

• Thomas K. Leighton

Working Families Party

• Mark J. Green

Unsuccessful candidates

Republican Party

• Herman Badillo – Former Democratic U.S. Representative

Democratic Party

• Fernando Ferrer – Borough president of The Bronx
• Peter Vallone Sr. – New York City Councilman
• Alan Hevesi – New York City Comptroller
• George Spitz

Green Party

• Walter Iwachiw was a write-in candidate against Julia Willebrand, the Green Party candidate approved by the New York City Board of Elections. The Board of Elections dismissed the petitions of Walter Iwachiw and several other Green Party candidates.[6]

Primaries

Initial results

Democratic primary, September 25, 2001[nb 1]
		Manhattan	The Bronx	Brooklyn	Queens	Staten Island	Total
	Fernando Ferrer	60,839	86,571	77,516	49,441	5,084	279,451 35.5%
	Mark Green	83,856	26,125	77,805	49,692	5,704	243,182 30.9%
	Peter F. Vallone (Sr.)	25,296	18,268	51,210	48,576	11,842	155,192 19.7%
	Alan G. Hevesi	32,925	6,066	25,110	27,163	3,504	94,768 12.0%
	George N. Spitz	1,558	1,264	2,923	2,489	283	8,517 1.8%
							785,365

Green clearly led among Manhattan's Democrats, Ferrer among The Bronx's and Vallone among Staten Island's. Ferrer and Green were evenly matched in Brooklyn, while all three candidates were essentially tied in Queens.

Runoff results

Democratic primary runoff
		Manhattan	The Bronx	Brooklyn	Queens	Staten Island	Total
	Mark Green	131,438	38,256	120,781	94,342	18,183	403,000 51.1%
	Fernando Ferrer	86,579	106,086	109,831	77,330	7,193	387,019 48.9%
							790,019

Republican

Republican primary, September 25, 2001[nb 1]
		Manhattan	The Bronx	Brooklyn	Queens	Staten Island	Total
	Michael Bloomberg	10,959	3,230	10,168	14,543	9,155	48,055 72.3%
	Herman Badillo	4,161	1,838	4,153	5,700	2,624	18,476 27.7%
							66,531

General election campaign

Rudy Giuliani, who was riding high approval ratings following the 9/11 attacks, publicly endorsed Bloomberg.[7]

Green made a controversial decision during the primary run-off to support Giuliani's unprecedented attempt to extend his own mayoral term, in the name of the emergency of 9/11. Ferrer opposed Giuliani's ultimately unsuccessful attempt at term self-extension, and was able to accuse Green of being rolled over by Giuliani.

Unlike his cash-poor Democratic rival, who had just emerged from an expensive primary and expected to rely on traditionally reliable free media coverage that never materialized, Bloomberg continued to spend $74 million on TV ads and direct mail in the weeks after the attacks, which was a record amount at the time for a non-presidential election (Bloomberg would break his own record in 2005).[8][9] The Economist wrote, "The billionaire businessman [Bloomberg] is usually seen as one of the post-September 11th winners (if such a word can be so used): he would probably have lost the mayoralty to Mark Green, a leftish Democrat, had the terrorist strike not happened. Yet it is also worth noting that his election probably spared New York city a turbulent period of score-settling over Rudy Giuliani's legacy."[10]

Green posed on the steps of City Hall with Hasidic Jewish leaders and issued a statement saying that "leaders from the Satmar Congregations of New York City, the largest of the three major Hasidic groups in the city with some 100,000 followers" supported his mayoral campaign. But many of the Satmars at that photo op led an upstate Satmar community ineligible to vote in New York City, and were also "at odds with the Satmar establishment" based in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, whose leaders were in Europe at the time and unaware that Green had claimed their endorsements.[11]

The election was also notable for two non-politician semi-celebrities running on third-party tickets: Bernhard Goetz, who had achieved fame in 1984 as the "subway vigilante" for shooting four young men who tried to rob him, on the Fusion Party ticket, and Kenny Kramer, who was the inspiration for the character Cosmo Kramer on the TV show Seinfeld, on the Libertarian Party ticket.

General election results

Bloomberg secured victory in a close election, with 744,757 votes. Although he lost in three of the five boroughs, he was able to collect enough votes in Staten Island and Queens to prevail. Under New York's electoral fusion rules, candidates were allowed to run representing multiple parties.

General election
		Manhattan	The Bronx	Brooklyn	Queens	Staten Island	Total
Republican- Independence	Michael R. Bloomberg	179,797	80,597	189,040	210,432	84,891	744,757
Democratic-Working Families	Mark J. Green	202,574	102,280	217,222	163,528	23,664	709,268
Liberal-Better Schools	Alan G. Hevesi	2,684	847	2,124	1,886	486	10,331
Green	Julia Willebrand	2,241	670	2,456	1,579	209	7,155
Conservative	Terrance M. Gray	507	642	844	1,219	365	3,577
Marijuana Reform Party	Thomas K. Leighton	791	529	680	418	145	2,563
Libertarian	Kenny Kramer	368	296	338	306	100	1,408
Fusion	Bernhard H. Goetz	203	201	333	253	59	1,049
American Dream	Kenneth B. Golding	96	112	163	81	22	474
							1,480,582

Notes

1. a primary had begun on September 11, but was halted due to the 9/11 terrorist attacks; the official results here are for the rescheduled primary held two weeks later

References

1. "AFTER THE ATTACKS: THE ELECTION; Primary Rescheduled for Sept. 25, With Runoff, if Necessary, Set for Oct. 11".
2. http://www.vote.nyc.ny.us/results.html
3. https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/12/nyregion/12MAYO.html
4. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2008-10-31.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
6. Walter N. Iwachiw
7. Nagourney, Adam. "Bloomberg Puts Eggs In a Basket: Giuliani's", The New York Times, October 28, 2001. Accessed December 31, 2007. "Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani's decision to endorse Michael R. Bloomberg at City Hall yesterday provides Mr. Bloomberg with perhaps his greatest hope for victory as he moves into the final days of what his supporters describe as a troubled campaign."
9. http://marketing-case-studies.blogspot.com/2008/04/got-milk-campaign.html
10. " New York's difficult year", The Economist, September 12, 2002. Accessed December 31, 2007.
11. Barry, Dan (2001-07-27). "Posing With Satmars, Green Steps Into a Sectarian Thicket". New York Times. New York, NY. Retrieved 2020-02-04.

See also