Brain-specific homeobox

Brain-specific Homeobox is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BSX gene.[1]

Structure and Expression Pattern

Bsx is an evolutionary highly conserved homeodomain containing transcription factor that belongs to the ANTP-class.[2] In mouse it has been shown to be expressed in the telencephalic septum, pineal gland, the mammillary bodies and arcuate nucleus.[3]

Function in the Hypothalamus

In the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, Bsx has been demonstrated to be necessary for normal expression levels of the two orexigenic neuropeptides Agouti-related peptide and Neuropeptide Y.[4]

Function in the Pineal Gland

In the pineal gland of the clawed frog Xenopus, Bsx is expressed following the circadian rhythm and controls photoreceptor cell differentiation.[5] In zebrafish Bsx is required for normal development of all cell types within the pineal gland, including melatonin-releasing pinealocytes, photoreceptor cells and leftwards migrating parapineal cells,[6] which in zebrafish are crucial for the establishment of brain asymmetry.[7]

References
  1. "Entrez Gene: BSX brain-specific homeobox".
  2. Ferrier, David E. K. (14 April 2016). "Evolution of Homeobox Gene Clusters in Animals: The Giga-Cluster and Primary vs. Secondary Clustering". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 4. doi:10.3389/fevo.2016.00036.
  3. Cremona, M; Colombo, E; Andreazzoli, M; Cossu, G; Broccoli, V (January 2004). "Bsx, an evolutionary conserved Brain Specific homeoboX gene expressed in the septum, epiphysis, mammillary bodies and arcuate nucleus". Gene Expression Patterns. 4 (1): 47–51. doi:10.1016/S1567-133X(03)00151-0. PMID 14678827.
  4. Sakkou, M; Wiedmer, P; Anlag, K; Hamm, A; Seuntjens, E; Ettwiller, L; Tschöp, MH; Treier, M (June 2007). "A role for brain-specific homeobox factor Bsx in the control of hyperphagia and locomotory behavior". Cell Metabolism. 5 (6): 450–63. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.007. PMID 17550780.
  5. D'Autilia, S.; Broccoli, V.; Barsacchi, G.; Andreazzoli, M. (22 March 2010). "Xenopus Bsx links daily cell cycle rhythms and pineal photoreceptor fate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (14): 6352–6357. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.6352D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1000854107. PMC 2852004. PMID 20308548.
  6. Schredelseker, Theresa; Driever, Wolfgang (1 July 2018). "Bsx controls pineal complex development". Development. 145 (13): dev163477. doi:10.1242/dev.163477. PMID 29945867.
  7. Duboc, Véronique; Dufourcq, Pascale; Blader, Patrick; Roussigné, Myriam (23 November 2015). "Asymmetry of the Brain: Development and Implications". Annual Review of Genetics. 49 (1): 647–672. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-112414-055322. PMID 26442849.
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