Wuming Mandarin
Wuming Mandarin or Wuming Guanhua (simplified Chinese: 武鸣官话; traditional Chinese: 武鳴官話; pinyin: Wǔmíng Guānhuà), known locally as Wuminghua (武鸣话; 武鳴話; Wǔmínghuà; 'Wuming speech'),[2] is a dialect of Southwestern Mandarin spoken in urban Wuming District, specifically in the towns of Chengxiang and Fucheng.[3][4][5] It is a variety that has been influenced substantially by Zhuang, which is the majority language of the district.[6][3]
| Wuming Mandarin | |
|---|---|
| Wuming Guanhua | |
| 武鸣官话 | |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Wuming District |
Native speakers | 40,000 (2005)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
Classification
Wuming Mandarin is classified as a part of the Gui–Liu subgroup (桂柳片; Guì-Liǔ piàn) of Southwestern Mandarin.[7][8] The second edition of the Language Atlas of China further classifies it as part of the Guinan (southern Guangxi) cluster (桂南小片; Guìnán xiǎopiàn).[8]
Phonology
Initials
There are 18 phonemic initials (including the zero initial):[2]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | plain | p | t | k | ʔ | ||||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | ||||||
| Affricate | plain | ts | |||||||
| aspirated | tsʰ | ||||||||
| Fricative | f | s | x | ||||||
| Lateral fricative | ɬ | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | ||||||||
Rimes
There are seventy (70) rimes.[2]
Tones
There are seven tones, six of which are native:[9]
| Name | Tone letter |
|---|---|
| yin level (阴平; 陰平) | ˧ (33) |
| yang level (阳平; 陽平) | ˨˩ (21) |
| rising (上声; 上聲) | ˥ (55) |
| departing (去声; 去聲) | ˨˦ (24) |
| high entering (入声高调; 入聲高調) | ˥ (55) |
| low entering (入声低调; 入聲低調) | ˨˩ (21) |
The other tone, ˧˥ (35), is non-native, occurs in very few words, and corresponds to the yin level (阴平; 陰平) tone in Pinghua.[9]
Notes
- WCAEB 2013, p. 137.
- Lu 2013, p. 56.
- WCAEB 1998, vol. 27, ch. 1, sec. 2.
- Lu 2012, p. 5.
- Huang 1997, p. 57.
- Huang 1997, p. 59.
- CASS & AAH 1987, B6.
- Liu 2012, p. 169.
- Lu 2013, p. 57.
References
- Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Australian Academy of the Humanities (1987). 中国语言地图集 [Language Atlas of China] (in Chinese). Hong Kong: Longman Group (Far East). ISBN 0-582-99903-0.
- Huang, Yuanwei (1997). "The Interaction between Zhuang and the Yue (Cantonese) Dialects". In Edmondson, Jerold A.; Solnit, David B. (eds.). Comparative Kadai: The Tai Branch. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 57–76. ISBN 1-55671-005-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Liu, Cunhan (2012). B2—2、3、4 广西壮族自治区的汉语方言. 中国语言地图集 [Language Atlas of China] (in Chinese). 汉语方言卷 (2nd ed.). Beijing: Commercial Press. pp. 166–176. ISBN 978-7-100-07054-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Lu, Miaoyan (2012). 武鸣县城官话调查报告 [Wuming County Mandarin Investigation Report] (master's) (in Chinese). Guangxi University.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Lu, Miaoyan (2013). 武鸣县城官话同音字汇 [Homophony Syllabary of Wuming County Mandarin]. Journal of Baise University (in Chinese). 26 (5): 56–64.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Wuming County Annals Editorial Board, ed. (1998). 武鸣县志 [Wuming County Annals] (in Chinese). Nanning: Guangxi People's Publishing House. ISBN 7219036698.
- Wuming County Annals Editorial Board, ed. (2013). 武鸣县志（1991～2005） [Wuming County Annals (1991–2005)] (in Chinese). Nanning: Guangxi People's Publishing House. ISBN 978-7-219-08337-6.
