List of state leaders in the 12th century

Africa

Africa: Central

Chad

  • Dunama I, Mai (1080–1133)
  • Bir I, Mai (1133–1160)
  • Abdallah I, Mai (1160–1176)
  • Salmama I, Mai (1176–1203)

Africa: East

Ethiopia

Somalia

  • ʿUmar DunyaHuz, Sultan (1185–1228)

Africa: Northeast

Egypt

Sudan

Africa: Northcentral

Ifriqiya

Africa: Northwest

Morocco

Africa: West

Benin

  • Eweka I, Oba (1180–1246)[3]

Nigeria

  • Gijimasu dan Warisi, King (1095–1134)
  • Nawata, King (1134–1136)
  • Yusa, King (1136–1194)
  • Naguji, King (1194–1247)

Asia

Asia: Central

Afghanistan

  • Mas'ud III, Sultan (1099–1115)
  • Shir-Zad, Sultan (1115–1116)
  • Arslan-Shah, Sultan (1116–1117)
  • Bahram-Shah, Sultan (1117–1157)
  • Khusrau-Shah, Sultan (1157–1160)
  • Khusrau Malik, Sultan (1160–1186)

Kazakhstan

Mongolia

Tibet

  • Zhi ba 'Od, ruler (?–1111)
  • bSod nams rtse, King (c.1095–early 12th century)
  • bKra shis rtse, King (pre-1137)
  • Jo bo rGyal po, Regent (mid-12th century)
  • rTse 'bar btsan, King (12th century)
  • sPyi lde btsan, King (12th century)
  • rNam lde btsan, King (12th/13th century)
  • Nyi ma lde, King (12th/13th century)

Asia: East

Khitan China: Liao dynasty

China: Northern Song

China: Jin dynasty

China: Other states and entities

  • Duan Zhengchun, Emperor (1096–1108)
  • Duan Yu, Emperor (1108–1147)
  • Duan Zhengxing, Emperor (1147–1171)
  • Duan Zhixing, Emperor (1171–1200)
  • Duan Zhilian, Emperor (1200–1204)

China: Southern Song

Japan

Korea

Asia: Southeast

Cambodia

Indonesia

Indonesia: Java
  • Prabu Langlangbhumi, Maharaja (1064–1154)
  • Rakeyan Jayagiri, Maharaja (1154–1156)
  • Prabu Dharmakusumah, Maharaja (1156–1175)
  • Prabu Guru Dharmasiksa, Maharaja (1175-1297)
  • Jayawarsa, King (c.1104–1115)
  • Kameshwara, King (c.1115–1130)
  • Jayabaya, King (c.1130–1157)
  • Sarweshwara, King (c.1160–1170)
  • Aryyeçwara, King (c.1170–1180)
  • Gandra, King (c.1180–1190)
  • Çrngga, King (c.1190–1200)
  • Kertajaya, King (1200–1222)
Indonesia: Sumatra
  • Rajaraja Chola II, King (c.1156)
  • Srimat Trailokyaraja Maulibhusana Warmadewa, King (c.1183)
  • Trailokyaraja, King (c.1183)
Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands
Warmadewa dynasty
Jaya dynasty

Malaysia: Peninsular

Myanmar / Burma

Philippines

  • Lakan Timamanukum, ruler (12th century)

Thailand

  • Lao Chong, King (11th–12th century)
  • Chom Pha Rueang, King (early 12th century–1148)
  • Chueang, King (1148–1192)
  • Lao Ngoen Rueang, King (1192–early 13th century)

Vietnam

  • Jaya Indravarman II, King (1080–1081, 1086–1114)
  • Harivarman V, King (1114–1139)
  • Jaya Indravarman III, King (1139/45)
  • Rudravarman IV, (Khmer vassal) King (1145–1147)
  • Jaya Harivarman I, King (1147–1167)
  • Jaya Harivarman II, King (1167)
  • Jaya Indravarman IV, King (1167–1190)
  • Suryajayavarmadeva, (Khmer vassal in Vijaya) King (1190–1191)
  • Vidyanandana, (Khmer vassal in Pandurang) King (1190–1203)

Asia: South

Afghanistan

  • Masʽud III, Sultan (1099–1115)
  • Shir-Zad, Sultan (1115–1116)
  • Arslan-Shah, Sultan (1116–1117)
  • Bahram-Shah, Sultan (1117–1157)
  • Khusrau-Shah, Sultan (1157–1160)
  • Khusrau Malik, Sultan (1160–1186)
  • Khosrow-Shah, Sultan (1168–1176)

Bengal and Northeast India

  • Birpal, King (1187–1224)
  • Loiyumba, King (1074–1112)
  • Loitongpa, King (1112–1150)
  • Atom Yoilempa, King (1150–1163)
  • Iyanthapa, King (1163–1195)
  • Thayanthapa, King (1195–1231)

India

  • Malayasi, King (1094–1146)
  • Vijaldeo, King (1146–1179)
  • Rajdeo, King (1179–1216)
  • Rama Varma Kulashekhara, King (1089–1102/22)
  • Kotha Varma Marthandam, King (1102–1125)
  • Vira Kerala Varma I, King (1125–1145)
  • Kodai Kerala Varma, King (1145–1150)
  • Vira Ravi Varma, King (1145–1150)
  • Vira Kerala Varma II, King (1164–1167)
  • Vira Aditya Varma, King (1167–1173)
  • Vira Udaya Martanda Varma, King (1173–1192)
  • Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III, King (1192–1195)
  • Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi, King (1195–?)
  • Anantavarman Chodaganga, King (1078–1150)
  • Jateswara Deva or Ekajata Deva, King (1147–1156)
  • Raghava Deva, King (1156–1170)
  • Rajaraja Deva II, King (1170–1178)
  • Ananga Bhima Deva II, King (1178–1198)
  • Rajaraja Deva III, King (1198–1211)
  • Vibhog Pal, King (1084–1101)
  • Suvayanu Pal, King (1102–1115)
  • Vikram Pal, King (1116–1131)
  • Vichitra Pal, King (1131–1140)
  • Hans Pal, King (1141–1152)
  • Som Pal, King (1152–1159)
  • Kadil Pal, King (1159–1164)
  • Kamdev Pal, King (1172–1179)
  • Sulakshan Dev, King (1179–1197)
  • Lakhan Dev, King (1197–1220)
  • Rawal Jaisal, Rawal (1153–1168)
  • Shalivahan Singh II, Rawal (1168–1200)
  • Baijal Singh, Rawal (1200)
  • Kailan Singh, Rawal (1200–1219)
  • Gokul Chand, Raja (early 12th century)
  • Udai Chand, Raja (1133–1143)
  • Gen Chand, Raja (late 12th century)
  • Pruthvi Chand, Raja (late 12th century)
  • Sangar Chand, Raja (1197–1220)
  • Rudra, King (c.1158–1195)
  • Mahadeva, King (c.1196–1199)
  • Ganapati-deva, King (c.1199–1262)
  • Bijjala II, King (1162–1167)
  • Sovideva, King (1168–1176)
  • Mallugi, King (c.1176)
  • Sankama, King (1176–1180)
  • Ahavamalla, King (1180–1183)
  • Singhana, King (1183–1184)
  • Laxmi Chand, King (1093–1113)
  • Dharm Chand, King (1113–1121)
  • Karm Chand, King (1121–1140)
  • Ballal Chand, King (1140–1149)
  • Nami Chand, King (1149–1170)
  • Nar Chand, King (1170–1177)
  • Nanaki Chand, King (1177–1195)
  • Ram Chand, King (1195–1205)[8]
  • Lakho Jadani, King (1147–?)
  • Ratto Rayadhan, King (1175–?)
  • Kakkala-deva, or Kakala-deva, King (c.1090–1115)
  • Vikrama-simha, King (c.1115–1145)
  • Yasho-dhavala, King (c.1145–1160)
  • Rana-simha, King (?)
  • Dhara-varsha, King (c.1160–1220)
  • Samanta Singh, Rajput (1172–1179)
  • Khumar, Manthan, Padam Singh, Rajput (1179–1213)

Maldives

  • Koimala, King (1117–1141)
  • Dhovemi, King/Sultan (1141–1166/1176)
  • Muthey, Sultan (1166/1176–1185)
  • Ali I, Sultan (1185–1193)
  • Dhinei, Sultan (1193–1199)
  • Dhihei, Sultan (1199–1214)

Nepal

  • Naga lde, King (early 12th century)
  • bTsan phyug lde, King (mid-12th century)
  • bKra shis lde, King (12th century)
  • Grags btsan lde, King (12th century)

Pakistan

Sri Lanka

Asia: West

Mesopotamia

Yemen

Europe

Europe: Balkans

  • Peter IV, Emperor (1185–1190, 1196–1197)
  • Ivan Asen I, Emperor (1189–1196)
  • Kaloyan, Emperor (1197–1207)

Europe: British Isles

Great Britain: Scotland

  • Máel Coluim II, King (c.1054)
  • David, Prince of the Cumbrians (1113–1124), King of the Scots (1124–1153)

Great Britain: England

Great Britain: Wales

Ireland

  • John, King of England (1199–1216), Lord of Ireland (1177–1216)
  • Domnall Ua Lochlainn, King (1083–1121)
  • Conchobar mac Domnaill, King (1121–1128)
  • Magnus Ua Lochlainn, King (1128–1129)
  • Conchobar mac Domnaill, King (1129–1136)
  • Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, King (1136–1143)
  • Domnall Ua Gairmledaig, King (1143–1145)
  • Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn (again), King (1145–1166)
  • Conchobar mac Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, King (1166–1167)
  • Niall Mac Lochlainn, King (1167–1176)
  • Aed In Macaem Toinlesc Ua Neill, King (1167–1177)
  • Mael Sechlainn mac Muirchertaig Mac Lochlainn, King (1177–1185)
  • Cu Caishil Ua Cerbaill, King (?–1101)
  • Giolla Crist Ua hEiccnigh, King (?–1127)
  • Donnchadh Ua Cearbaill, King (1130–1168/1169)
  • Murchard Ua Cerbaill, King (1168–1189)
  • Muirchertach, King (1189–1194)
  • unknown king (?–1196)
  • Ua Eichnigh, King (?–1201)
  • Donnchadh Ó Ruairc, Lord (1101)
  • Domnall Ó Ruairc, King (c.1095–1102)
  • Cathal Ó Ruairc, Lord (1105)
  • Domnall Ó Ruairc, Lord (c.1108)
  • Aedh an Gilla Sronmaol Ó Ruairc, King (c.1117–1122)
  • Tigernán mór Ó Ruairc, King (c.1124–1152, 1152–1172)
  • Aedh Ó Ruairc, King (1152–1152, 1172–1176)
  • Amlaíb Ó Ruairc, King (1176–1184)
  • Aedh Ó Ruairc, King (1184–1187)
  • Donnchad mac Murchada Ua Mael Sechlainn, King (1094–1105)
  • Conchobar mac Mael Sechlainn Ua Mael Sechlainn, King (1094–1105)
  • Muirchertach mac Domnaill Ua Mael Sechlainn, King (1105–1106)
  • Murchad mac Domnaill Ua Mael Sechlainn, King (1106–1153)
  • Mael Sechlainn mac Domnaill Ua Mael Sechlainn, King (1115)
  • Domnall mac Murchada Ua Mael Sechlainn, King (1127)
  • Diarmait mac Domnaill Ua Mael Sechlainn, King (1127–1130, 1155–1156, 1157–1158, 1160–1169)
  • Conchobar Ua Conchobair, King (1143–1144)
  • Donnchad mac Muirchertaig Ua Mael Sechlainn, King (1144–?)
  • Mael Sechlainn mac Murchada Ua Mael Sechlainn, King (1152–1155)
  • Donnchad mac Domnaill Ua Mael Sechlainn, King (1155, 1156–1157, 1158–1160)

Europe: Central

Holy Roman Empire in Germany

See also List of state leaders in the 12th-century Holy Roman Empire
  • Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (1084–1105), King (1053–1087)
  • Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (1111–1125), King (1099–1125)
  • Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor (1133–1137), King (1125–1137)
  • Conrad III, King (1138–1152)
  • Henry Berengar, co-King (1138–1150)
  • Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (1155–1190), King (1152–1190)
  • Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (1191–1197), King (1190–1197)
  • Philip, King (1198–1208)
  • Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (1209–1215), King (1198–1209)

Hungary

Poland

Europe: East

Europe: Nordic

Denmark

Norway

Sweden

Europe: Southcentral

See also List of state leaders in the 12th-century Holy Roman Empire#Italy

Southern Italy

Southern Italy

  • Roger I, Count (1071–1101)
  • Simon, Count (1101–1105)
  • Roger II, Count (1105–1130), King (1130–1154)

Europe: Southwest

Iberian Peninsula: Christian

Marca Hispanica

  • Jimena, Count (1107–1149)
  • Bernard, Count (1107–1111)

Europe: West

France

  • William VI, Count (1096–1136)
  • Robert III, Count (1136–1143)
  • William VII the Young, Count (1143–c.1155)
  • William VIII the Old, Count (1155–1182)
  • Robert IV, Count (1182–1194)
  • William IX, Count (1194–1195)
  • Guy II, Count (1195–1224)
  • Eustace III,[21] ruler (1087–1125)
  • Matilda I, Countess (1125–1151)
  • Eustace IV, Count (1151–1153)
  • William I, Count (1153–1159)
  • Mary I, Countess (1159–1170)
  • Matthew, Count (1170–1173)
  • Matthew II, Count (1173–1180)
  • Gerard, Count (1181–1182)
  • Berthold, Count (1183–1186)
  • Ida, Countess (1173–1216)
  • Aymon II de Bourbon, Lord (1116–1120)
  • Archambaud VII de Bourbon, Lord (1120–1171)
  • Mathilde Ire de Bourbon, Lady (1171–1218)

Eurasia: Caucasus

Oceania

Hawaii

  • Kapawa, supreme high chief (?)
  • Pilikaʻaeia, supreme high chief (1125–1155)
  • Kukohou, supreme high chief (1155–1185)
  • Kaniuhu, supreme high chief (1185–1215)

References

  1. Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 65-77; id., Kingdoms, 552.
  2. See al-Nuwayri (v.2, App.1) and Ibn Khaldoun, v.2
  3. "Oba Ewuare II Coronation Speech 2016". Retrieved 2017-07-09.
  4. Weiers 1986: 505
  5. L. Petech (1980), 'Ya-ts'e, Gu-ge, Pu-rang: A new study', The Central Asiatic Journal 24, pp. 85–111; R. Vitali (1996), The kingdoms of Gu.ge Pu.hrang. Dharamsala: Tho.ling gtsug.lag.khang.
  6. Nussbaum, "Minamoto no Yoritomo" at p. 635.
  7. Rajiv Kumar Verma (2015). "Kalachuri Inscriptions : A Reflection of Dwindling Political Power" (PDF). Veethika. 1 (3).
  8. Pandey(1993) pg197-332
  9. Aiyangar, p.44
  10. Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 45–46. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  11. L. Petech (1980), 'Ya-ts'e, Gu-ge, Pu-rang: A new study', The Central Asiatic Journal 24, pp. 85–111; R. Vitali (1996), The kingdoms of Gu.ge Pu.hrang. Dharamsala: Tho.ling gtsug.lag.khang.
  12. Duffy (1992) pp. 125–26
  13. The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys (1874) p. 75
  14. Walter Heinemeyer (1987), "Ludwig der Springer", Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) (in German), 15, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 418–419; (full text online)
  15. Debord, 171 and 212.
  16. Debord, 171 and 212.
  17. Debord gives William VI death as 1180, and the beginning of Vulgrin III's rule that same year (212). However, Rowan Charles Watson disagrees. "The Counts of Angoulême from the 9th to the Mid 13th Century" (PhD diss., University of East Anglia, 1979), 453. This is due to charter evidence (Watson, 353–62) and Geoffrey of Vigeois' chronicle, which declares William VI to have died in 1179 and Vulgrin III to have ruled for only two years. "Chronica Gaufredi coenobitae monasterii D. Martialis Lemovicensis, ac prioris Vosiensis coenobii", in Novae bibliothecae manuscriptorum librorum tomus secundus: rerum aquitanicarum. . . . ed. Philippe Labbe (Paris: Sebastian Cramoisy, 1657), 325–26.
  18. Watson, 453.
  19. Watson, 453.
  20. Debord, 573; and Watson, 453.
  21. "NORTHERN FRANCE, NOBILITY". Retrieved 4 November 2007.
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