Moses Georgios of Makuria

Moses Georgios was ruler of the Nubian kingdom of Makuria. During his reign it is believed that the crown of Alodia was also under the control of Makuria.[1] He is mostly known for his conflict with Saladin.

Moses Georgios
King of Makuria and Alodia
Mural from Faras Cathedral depicting King Moses Georgios
Reign1155–1190
PredecessorGeorgios IV
BornDongola
ReligionCoptic Orthodox Christianity

Life and Reign

During the 12th century the Ayyubids overthrew the Fatimid caliphate of Egypt[2] in 1171. This brought Makuria and the Ayyubids into conflict with each other. The following year,[3] a Makurian army pillaged Aswan and advanced even further north. It is not clear if this campaign was intended to aid the Fatimids or was merely a raid[2] exploiting the unstable situation in Egypt,[4] although the latter seems more likely, as the Makurians apparently soon withdrew.[5] To deal with the Nubians, Saladin sent his brother Turan-Shah. The latter conquered Qasr Ibrim in January 1173,[6] reportedly sacking it, taking many prisoners, pillaging the church, and converting it into a mosque.[7] Afterward, he sent an emissary to King Moses Georgios,[8] intending to answer a previously requested peace treaty with a pair of arrows.[9] Moses Georgios was a man confident in his ability to resist the Ayyubid army, stamping with hot iron a cross on the emissary's hand.[8] Turan Shah withdrew from Nubia but left a detachment of Kurdish troops in Qasr Ibrim, which would raid Lower Nubia for the next two years. Archaeological evidence links them with the destruction of the cathedral of Faras,[10] Abdallah Nirqi,[11] and Debeira West.[12] In 1175 a Nubian army finally arrived to confront the invaders at Adindan. Before battle, however, the Kurdish commander drowned while crossing the Nile, resulting in the retreat of Saladin's troops out of Nubia.[10] Afterwards there was peace for another 100 years.[2]

References
  1. Lajtar 2009, pp. 93-94.
  2. Adams 1977, p. 456.
  3. Welsby 2002, p. 75.
  4. Plumley 1983, p. 162.
  5. Ruffini 2012, pp. 249-250.
  6. Werner 2013, p. 113.
  7. Plumley 1983, pp. 162-163.
  8. Ruffini 2012, p. 248.
  9. Welsby 2002, p. 76.
  10. Plumley 1983, p. 164.
  11. Welsby 2002, p. 124.
  12. INSERT SOURCE.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.