List of kings of Munster
The kings of Munster (Irish: Rí Mumhan), ruled from the establishment of Munster during the Irish Iron Age, until the High Middle Ages. According to Gaelic traditional history, laid out in works such as the Book of Invasions, the earliest king of Munster was Bodb Derg of the Tuatha Dé Danann. From the Gaelic peoples, an Érainn kindred known as the Dáirine (also known as Corcu Loígde and represented today in seniority by the Ó hEidirsceoil), provided several early monarchs including Cú Roí. In a process in the Cath Maige Mucrama, the Érainn would lose out in the 2nd century AD to the Deirgtine, ancestors of the Eóganachta. Munster during this period was classified as part of Leath Moga, or the southern-half, while other parts of Ireland were ruled mostly by the Connachta.
Kings of Munster | |
---|---|
Rí Mumhan | |
Map of Munster, c. 10th century. | |
Details | |
Style | Rí Mumhan |
First monarch | Bodb Derg |
Last monarch | Cormac Mac Carthaig |
Formation | Ancient |
Abolition | 1138 or 1194 (claimant) |
Residence | Rock of Cashel |
Appointer | Tanistry |
Pretender(s) | Disputed: Conor Myles John O'Brien (Ó Briain) Liam Trant MacCarthy (Mac Cárthaigh) |
After losing Osraige to the east, Cashel was established as the capital of Munster by the Eóganachta. This kindred ruled without interruption until the 10th century. Although the High Kingship of Ireland was dominated during this time by the Uí Néill, the Eóganachta of Munster did provide Cathal mac Finguine and Fedelmid mac Crimthainn as serious contenders. This great tribe was broken down into different septs or branches, the most successful in terms of royalty were the Eóganacht Chaisil (represented by the Ó Súilleabháin and Mac Cárthaigh), Eóganacht Glendamnach (represented by the Ó Caoimh) and Eóganacht Áine (represented by the Ó Ciarmhaic).
Their hold was loosened by the rise of Brian Bóruma of the Dál gCais, who established the Ó Briain as kings of Munster. As well as this Munster had to contend with the Normans. Finally, the kingdom ended as it was split into Thomond, Desmond and Ormond. The former two came to an end during the 16th century with birth of the Tudor Kingdom of Ireland, with former rulers joining the Peerage of Ireland. There were a number of Gaelic attempts to reassert their power in Munster, such as that of Fínghin Mac Cárthaigh and Domhnall Cam Ó Súilleabháin Bhéara, but these were not successful.
Ancient and legendary Kings of Munster
- Bodb Derg, king of the Sid Mumu, and later king of the Tuatha Dé Danann, succeeding The Dagda
- Dedu mac Sin, ancestor of the Clanna Dedad
- Íar mac Dedad, father of Eterscél and grandfather of Conaire Mór
- Dáire mac Dedad, ancestor of the Dáirine
- Cú Roí mac Dáire, Munster king and/or deity known from the Ulster Cycle
- Note: belonged to the Érainn or Dáirine, the dominant power in Munster into the 6th–7th centuries AD
- Mug Nuadat, king in late sagas of Leth Mogha, or Mug's Half, meaning Southern Ireland
- Note: belonged to the Deirgtine, but may be a mythological figure
- Ailill Aulom, Mug's son, aka Olioll Ólum, associated with the goddess Áine.
- Lugaid mac Con, was High King of Ireland, and Ailill's foster-son
- Note: ancestor of the Corcu Loígde, principal Munster sept of the Dáirine
- Éogan Mór, Ailill's son, from whom the Eóganachta took their name
- Note: the Eóganachta were actually founded by Conall Corc, great-great grandson of Eógan Mór
- Fiachu Muillethan, son of Éogan Mór
- Note: a king of the Deirgtine who may have been historical, but features only in mythological narratives
- Ailill Flann Bec, son of Fiachu Muillethan
- Note: almost nothing is known of this figure, except that he was adopted by and succeeded his elder brother, Ailill Flann Mór
- Crimthann mac Fidaig, was High King of Ireland and of territories overseas, and brother of the queen and/or goddess Mongfind
- Note: considered Eóganacht in later dynastic narratives, four centuries after his floruit
- Óengus Bolg, a late king of the Dáirine and ancestor of the Corcu Loígde
- Note: features in early stories of Conall Corc, and is an ancestor of the Cashel Eóganachta septs, the "Inner Circle", through his daughter Aimend
- Bressal mac Ailello Thassaig, a possible king from the early Uí Liatháin
- Note: Angias, who may have been his sister, was the Queen of Lóegaire mac Néill, High King of Ireland
Historical Kings of Cashel, Iarmuman, and Munster
There were not true kings of Munster until the late 7th century, when the Corcu Loígde fell entirely from power, some time after losing their grip on the Kingdom of Osraige. Thus approximately the first twenty five kings below are best described as Kings of Cashel, Kings of Iarmuman, or Kings of the Eóganachta. Faílbe Flann mac Áedo Duib, the only exception, was the first Eóganacht to significantly project outside Munster, but Iarmuman was still a great rival of Cashel in his time, and little is known of his successors before Cathal mac Finguine.
At and before this time also flourished the independent Uí Fidgenti and Uí Liatháin, a pair of shadowy sister kingdoms whose official origins appear to have been tampered with in the 8th century in a semi-successful attempt to integrate them into the Eóganachta political structure and genealogical scheme. Diplomatic relations and an alliance were achieved with the Uí Fidgenti, much to the credit of the Eóganachta, but for unknown reasons the Uí Liatháin remained effective outsiders.
Of the Eóganachta, unless noted.
Eóganacht Chaisil, –500
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Corc mac Luigthig – | Son of Luigthech mac Ailill Flann Bec | Aimend several children | unknown | |
Nad Froích mac Cuirc –453 | Son of Corc mac Luigthig | unknown | 453 | |
Óengus mac Nad Froích 453–489 | Son of Nad Froích mac Cuirc | Eithne Uathach purported to have had twenty-four sons and twenty-four daughters | 489 | |
Feidlimid mac Óengusa 489–500 | Son of Óengus mac Nad Froích | unknown | 500 |
Eóganacht Glendamnach, 500–596
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eochaid mac Óengusa 500–522 | Son of Óengus mac Nad Froích | unknown | 522 | |
Crimthann Srem mac Echado 522–542 | Son of Eochaid mac Óengusa | unknown | 542 | |
Coirpre Cromm mac Crimthainn 542–577 | Son of Crimthann Srem mac Echado | unknown | 577 | |
Feidlimid mac Coirpri Chruimm 577–596 (possible) | Son of Coirpre Cromm mac Crimthainn | unknown | 596 |
Eóganacht Airthir Cliach, 577–582
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fergus Scandal mac Crimthainn 577–582 | Son of Crimthann Srem mac Echado | unknown | 582 |
Eóganacht Raithlind, 582–588
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Feidlimid mac Tigernaig 582–588 | Son of Tighearnach mac Aedh | unknown | 588 |
Eóganacht Áine, 596–601
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Amalgaid mac Éndai 596–601 | Son of Éndai | unknown | 601 | |
Garbán mac Éndai 596–601 | Son of Éndai | unknown | 601 |
Eóganacht Chaisil, 601–618
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fíngen mac Áedo Duib 601–618 | Son of Áedo Duib | Mór Muman several children | 618 |
Eóganacht Locha Léin, 618
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Áed Bennán mac Crimthainn 618 | Son of Crimthainn mac Cobhtach | unknown | 618 |
Eóganacht Glendamnach, 618–627
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cathal mac Áedo 618–627 | Son of Áed Fland Cathrach | Mór Muman several children | 627 |
Eóganacht Chaisil, 627–639
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Faílbe Flann mac Áedo Duib 627–639 | Son of Áedo Duib | unknown | 639 |
Eóganacht Áine, 639–641
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cúán mac Amalgado 639–641 | Son of Amalgaid mac Éndai | unknown | 641 |
Eóganacht Chaisil, 641–661
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Máenach mac Fíngin 641–661 | Son of Fíngen mac Áedo Duib and Mór Muman | unknown | 661 |
Eóganacht Glendamnach, 661–665
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cathal Cú-cen-máthair 661–665 | Son of Cathal mac Áedo | several children | 665 |
Eóganacht Chaisil, 665–678
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Colgú mac Faílbe Flaind 665–678 | Son of Faílbe Flann mac Áedo Duib | unknown | 678 |
Eóganacht Glendamnach, 678–701
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Finguine mac Cathail 678–696 | Son of Cathal Cú-cen-máthair | several children | 696 | |
Ailill mac Cathail 696–701 | Son of Cathal Cú-cen-máthair | unknown | 701 |
Eóganacht Chaisil, 701–712
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cormac mac Ailello 701–712 | Son of Ailello mac Máenach | unknown | 712 |
Eóganacht Áine, 712–721
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eterscél mac Máele Umai 712–721 | Son of Máel Umai mac Cúán | unknown | 721 |
Eóganacht Glendamnach, 721–742
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cathal mac Finguine 721–742 | Son of Finguine mac Cathail | several children | 742 |
Eóganacht Áine, 742–769
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cathussach mac Eterscélai 742–769 | Son of Eterscél mac Máele Umai | unknown | 769 |
Eóganacht Locha Léin, 769–786
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Máel Dúin mac Áedo 769–786 | Son of Áed Bennán mac Conaing | unknown | 786 |
Eóganacht Áine, 786–805
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ólchobar mac Duib-Indrecht 786–805[nb 1] | Son of Duib-Indrecht | unknown | 805 |
Eóganacht Glendamnach, 805–820
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Artrí mac Cathail 805–820 | Son of Cathal mac Finguine | one son | 820 | |
Tnúthgal mac Artrach –[nb 2] (possible) | Son of Artrí mac Cathail | unknown | 807 |
Eóganacht Chaisil, 820–847
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tnúthgal mac Donngaile 807–820 (possible) | Son of Máel Donngaile | unknown | 820 | |
Feidlimid mac Cremthanin 820–847 | Son of Crimthainn | unknown | 28 August 847 |
Eóganacht Áine, 847–851
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ólchobar mac Cináeda 847–851 | Son of Cináeda | unknown | 851 |
Eóganacht Chaisil, 851–859
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Áilgenán mac Donngaile 851–853 | Son of Donngaile | unknown | 853 | |
Máel Gualae mac Donngaile 853–859 | Son of Donngaile | one son | 859 |
Eóganacht Áine, 859–872
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cenn Fáelad hua Mugthigirn 859–872 | Son of Mugthigirn | unknown | 872 |
Eóganacht Chaisil, 872–908
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dúnchad mac Duib-dá-Bairenn 872–888 | Son of Duib-dá-Bairenn mac Crundmáel | unknown | 888 | |
Dub Lachtna mac Máele Gualae 888–895 | Son of Máel Gualae mac Donngaile | unknown | 895 | |
Finguine Cenn nGécan mac Loégairi 895–902 | Son of Loégairi mac Duib-dá-Bairenn | unknown | 902 | |
Cormac mac Cuilennáin 902–908 | Son of Cuilennáin mac Selbach | unknown | 908 |
Múscraige, 908–944
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Flaithbertach mac Inmainén 908–944 | Son of Inmainén | unknown | 944 |
Eóganacht Chaisil, 944–957
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lorcán mac Coinlígáin 944– | Son of Coinlígáin mac Corcrán | unknown | unknown | |
Cellachán Caisil –954 | Son of Buadacháin mac Lachtnae | one son | 954 | |
Máel Fathardaig mac Flann 954–957 | Son of Flann mac Donnchad | one son | 957 |
Eóganacht Raithlind, 957–959
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dub-dá-Bairenn mac Domnaill 957–959 | Son of Domnall mac Dub-dá-Bairenn | unknown | 959 |
Eóganacht Chaisil, 959–963
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fer Gráid mac Clérig 959–961 | Son of Clérig mac Áilgenán | unknown | 961 | |
Donnchad mac Cellacháin 959–963 | Son of Cellachán Caisil | unknown | 963 |
Eóganacht Raithlind, 959–978
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Máel Muad mac Brain 959–970 976–978 | Son of Brian | one son | 978 |
Uí Ímair, 960–977
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ivar of Limerick 960–977 (de facto) | uncertain | several children | 977 |
Dál gCais, 970–1014
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mathgamain mac Cennétig 970–976 | Son of Cennétig mac Lorcáin | unknown | 976 | |
Brian Bóruma mac Cennétig 978–1014 | c. 941 Son of Cennétig mac Lorcáin and Bé Binn inion Urchadh | (1) Mór three sons (2) Echrad one son (3) Gormflaith one son | 23 April 1014 |
Eóganacht Chaisil, 1014–1025
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dúngal Hua Donnchada 1014–1025 | Son of Máel Fathardaig mac Flann | unknown | 1025 |
Ó Briain, 1025–1119
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Donnchad mac Briain 1025–1064 | Son of Brian Bóruma and Gormflaith ingen Murchada | Cacht ingen Ragnaill Three children | 1064 | |
Murchad mac Donnchada 1064–1068 | Son of Donnchad mac Briain and Cacht ingen Ragnaill | unknown | 1068 | |
Toirdhealbhach Ua Briain 1068–1086 | 1009 Son of Tadc mac Briain and Mór | (1) Dubchoblaig One son (2) Derbforgaill Two sons | 1086 | |
Muircheartach Ua Briain 1086–1114 1118–1119 | 1050 Son of Toirdhealbhach Ua Briain | Derb Forgaill ingen Uí Laidcnén Three children | 1119 | |
Diarmait Ua Briain 1114–1118 | 1060 Son of Toirdhealbhach Ua Briain | unknown | 1118 | |
Brian Ua Briain 1118 | Son of Murchad mac Donnchada | unknown | 1118 |
Mac Cárthaigh, 1127–1138
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cormac Mac Carthaigh 1127–1138 | Son of Muireadach Mac Carthaigh | unknown | 1138 |
Ó Briain, 1138–1194
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Conchobar Ua Briain 1138–1142 (claimant) | Son of Diarmait Ua Briain | unknown | 1142 | |
Toirdhealbhach mac Diarmada Ua Briain 1142–1167 (claimant) | Son of Diarmait Ua Briain | unknown | 1167 | |
Muirchertach mac Toirdelbhach Ua Briain 1167–1168 (claimant) | Son of Toirdelbhach mac Diarmaida Ua Briain | unknown | 1168 | |
Domnall Mór Ua Briain 1168–1194 (claimant) | Son of Toirdelbhach mac Diarmaida Ua Briain | Orlacan Ní Murchada Four children | 1194 |
See also
- List of High Kings of Ireland
- List of kings of Ulster
- List of kings of Leinster
- List of kings of Connacht
- List of kings of Mide
- List of kings of Desmond
- List of kings of Thomond
Notes
- In the Annals of Ulster, Ólchobar mac Flainn of the Uí Fidgenti was confused with Ólchobar mac Duib-Indrecht of the Eóganacht Áine and claimed to have been a King of Munster. It is very likely that only Ólchobar mac Duib-Indrecht reigned in actuality (the confusion caused by a decline in Eóganachta fortunes).
- Tnúthgal mac Artrach of the Eóganacht Glendamnach is sometimes given as a king of Munster on some kings lists, but not in the Annals of Ireland. He died before his father, so it is possible that he never reigned. It is also possible that Tnúthgal mac Donngaile of the Eóganacht Chaisil has been confused with Tnúthgal mac Artrach.
References
- Bryne, Francis J. Irish Kings and High Kings. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1973.
- Charles-Edwards, T.M. Early Christian Ireland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. ISBN 9780521363952
- Moody, T.W.; F.J. Byrne and F.X. Martin, ed. A New History of Ireland. Vol. IX. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. ISBN 0-19-821744-7
- Áed Ua Crimthainn, Book of Leinster, c. 1160.
- The Laud Synchronisms. K. Meyer, 1913.
External links
Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
- MacCarthy Clan Foundation at McCarthyClan.org
- O'Brien Clan Foundation at OBrienClan.com
- The McGillycuddy of the Reeks at McGillycuddy.co.za
- O'Mahony Society at OMahonySociety.com
- O'Donoghue Society at ODonoghue.co.uk