Eric III of Denmark

Eric III Lamb (Danish: Erik III Lam, c. 1120 – 27 August 1146) was the King of Denmark from 1137 until 1146. He was the grandson of Eric I of Denmark and the nephew of Eric II of Denmark, whom he succeeded on the throne. He abdicated in 1146, as the first and only Danish monarch to do so voluntarily. His succession led to a period of civil war between Sweyn III, Canute V, and Valdemar I.

Eric III Lamb
Eric on his coin
King of Denmark
Reign1137–1146[1]
PredecessorEric II
SuccessorSweyn III, Canute V, Valdemar I
Bornc. 1120[2]
Died27 August 1146 (aged 25–26)
Odense
Burial
St. Canute's Abbey, Odense
ConsortLutgard of Salzwedel
HouseEstridsen
FatherHakon Sunnivasson
MotherRagnhild of Denmark

Biography

Eric was born on Funen. His mother was Ragnhild, the daughter of King Eric I,[1] and his father the nobleman Hakon Sunnivasson, a great-grandson of King Magnus the Good of Norway and Denmark.[3] Eric was the nephew of Eric II of Denmark, fighting for him at the decisive Battle of Fotevik in 1134,[4] and succeeded Eric II to the throne when he was murdered in 1137. Not much is known of Eric's kingship.[2] Contemporary chroniclers highly disagree about the personality of this king, and he portrayed both as a passive and irresolute man, as well as an eager and brave fighter.[5]

Eric had to fight for his kingship against his cousin Olaf Haraldsen, sometimes called Olaf II. Olaf established a base of power in Scania in 1139 and tried to conquer the throne from there, until Eric defeated and killed him in 1141 near Helsingborg. During the civil wars, the Wends raided the Danish coasts and sounds without much Danish resistance. Eric supported Magnus the Blind and Sigurd Slembe in the Norwegian civil war.[4] He worked to aggrandize the church, especially St. Canute's Abbey in Odense,[2] and had a close relationship with bishop Eskil of Roskilde.[4]

In 1143, he married Lutgard of Salzwedel, daughter of Rudolf I, Margrave of the Nordmark.[4] Eric and Lutgard were married by Rudolf's son Hartwig, then Provost of Bremen Cathedral, in 1143 or 1144.

In 1146, Eric abdicated, as the only Danish king in history,[2] for unknown reasons. He entered St. Canute's Abbey, where he died on 27 August 1146 and was buried at the cloister.[4][2] His abdication has been explained as being rooted either in his realization of his inability to govern,[5] or an illness which ultimately killed him.[4]

Legacy

His nickname "Lam" means "lamb". This is taken to either reference the Lamb of God as he was seen as a pious man,[1] as describing his mildhearted and generous nature,[4] or indicating a weak and soft king.[5] He married Lutgard of Salzwedel in 1144, which indicated an increasing German influence on Denmark. He and Lutgard did not have any children, though Eric fathered a son, Magnus, out of wedlock. After Eric died, Lutgard married Herman II of Winzenburg.[5]

References
  1. Monarkiet i Danmark - Kongerækken Archived 18 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine at The Danish Monarchy
  2. Erik 3. Lam at Gyldendals Åbne Encyklopædi
  3. Carl Frederik Bricka (1887–1905). "Hakon Jyde". Dansk biografisk Lexikon (in Danish). VI. pp. 489–490. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
  4. Stefan Pajung, Erik Lam ca. 1100-1147, Aarhus University, 20 January 2010, archived from the original on 7 August 2011.
  5. Carl Frederik Bricka, Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, vol. IV [Clemens - Eynden], 1890, pp.541-542.
Eric Lamb
Born: c. 1100 Died: 27 August 1146
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Eric the Memorable		 King of Denmark
1137–1146		 Succeeded by
Sweyn III
Canute V
Valdemar I
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