List of state leaders in 1992
Africa
- Algeria
- Head of State -
- Prime Minister -
- Sid Ahmed Ghozali, Prime Minister of Algeria (1991–1992)
- Belaid Abdessalam, Prime Minister of Algeria (1992–1993)
- Angola
- the People's Republic of Angola changed into the Republic of Angola on 27 August 1992
- President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–2017)
- Prime Minister -
- Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime Minister of Angola (1991–1992)
- Marcolino Moco, Prime Minister of Angola (1992–1996)
- Benin
- President - Nicéphore Soglo, President of Benin (1991–1996)
- Botswana
- President - Sir Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980–1998)
- Burkina Faso
- President - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)
- Prime Minister - Youssouf Ouédraogo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (1992–1994)
- Burundi
- President - Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1987–1993)
- Prime Minister - Adrien Sibomana, Prime Minister of Burundi (1988–1993)
- Cameroon
- President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Sadou Hayatou, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1991–1992)
- Simon Achidi Achu, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1992–1996)
- Cape Verde
- President - António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (1991–2001)
- Prime Minister - Carlos Veiga, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1991–2000)
- Central African Republic
- President - André Kolingba, President of the Central African Republic (1981–1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Edouard Frank, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1991–1992)
- Timothée Malendoma, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1992–1993)
- Chad
- President - Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Jean Alingué Bawoyeu, Prime Minister of Chad (1991–1992)
- Joseph Yodoyman, Prime Minister of Chad (1992–1993)
- Comoros
- President - Said Mohamed Djohar, President of the Comoros (1989–1995)
- Prime Minister - Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, Prime Minister of Comoros (1992)
- Congo
- the People's Republic of the Congo changed into the Republic of the Congo on 15 March 1992
- President -
- Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of Congo (1979–1992)
- Pascal Lissouba, President of Congo (1992–1997)
- Prime Minister -
- André Milongo, Prime Minister of Congo (1991–1992)
- Stéphane Maurice Bongho-Nouarra, Prime Minister of Congo (1992)
- Claude Antoine Dacosta, Prime Minister of Congo (1992–1993)
- Côte d'Ivoire
- President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1960–1993)
- Prime Minister - Alassane Ouattara, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (1990–1993)
- Djibouti
- President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977–1999)
- Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
- Egypt
- President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
- Prime Minister - Atef Sedky, Prime Minister of Egypt (1986–1996)
- Equatorial Guinea
- President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Cristino Seriche Bioko, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1982–1992)
- Silvestre Sale Bileka, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1992–1996)
- Ethiopia
- President - Meles Zenawi, Interim President of Ethiopia (1991–1995)
- Prime Minister - Tamirat Layne, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1991–1995)
- Eritrea (secessionist state)
- Head of government - Isaias Afewerki, Secretary-general of the Provisional Government of Eritrea (1991–present)
- Gabon
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
- Prime Minister - Casimir Oyé-Mba, Prime Minister of Gabon (1990–1994)
- The Gambia
- President - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970–1994)
- Ghana
- Head of State - Jerry Rawlings, Chairman of the Provisional National Defence Council of Ghana (1981–2001)
- Guinea
- President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008)
- Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State - João Bernardo Vieira, Chairman of the Council of State of Guinea-Bissau (1984–1999)
- Prime Minister - Carlos Correia, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1991–1994)
- Kenya
- President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978–2002)
- Lesotho
- Monarch - Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1990–1995)
- Head of Government - Elias Phisoana Ramaema, Chairman of the Military Council of Lesotho (1991–1993)
- Liberia
- Head of State - Amos Sawyer, President of the Interim Government of National Unity of Liberia (1990–1994)
- Libya
- De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- Nominal Head of State -
- Head of Government - Abuzed Omar Dorda, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1990–1994)
- Madagascar
- The Democratic Republic of Madagascar changed the name to Republic of Madagascar on 12 September 1992
- President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1975–1993)
- Prime Minister - Guy Razanamasy, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1991–1993)
- Malawi
- President - Hastings Banda, President for Life of Malawi (1966–1994)
- Mali
- Head of State -
- Amadou Toumani Touré, Chairman of the Transitional Committee for the Salvation of the People of Mali (1991–1992)
- Alpha Oumar Konaré, President of Mali (1992–2002)
- Prime Minister -
- Soumana Sacko, Prime Minister of Mali (1991–1992)
- Younoussi Touré, Prime Minister of Mali (1992–1993)
- Head of State -
- Mauritania
- President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984–2005)
- Prime Minister -
- Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1984–1992)
- Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1992–1996)
- Mauritius
- Mauritius changed into the Republic of Mauritius on 12 March 1992
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968–1992)
- Governor-General - Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, Governor-General of Mauritius (1986–1992)
- President -
- Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, Acting President of Mauritius (1992)
- Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
- Prime Minister - Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982–1995)
- Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect - Jean-Paul Coste, Prefect of Mayotte (1990–1993)
- President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991–2004)
- Morocco
- Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Azzeddine Laraki, Prime Minister of Morocco (1986–1992)
- Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime Minister of Morocco (1992–1994)
- Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognized state)
- President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–2016)
- Prime Minister - Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1988–1993)
- Mozambique
- President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
- Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1986–1994)
- Namibia
- President - Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005)
- Prime Minister - Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990–2002)
- Niger
- President - Ali Saibou, President of Niger (1987–1993)
- Prime Minister - Amadou Cheiffou, Prime Minister of Niger (1991–1993)
- Nigeria
- Head of State - Ibrahim Babangida, President of the Armed Forces Ruling Council of Nigeria (1985–1993)
- Rwanda
- President - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973–1994)
- Prime Minister -
- Sylvestre Nsanzimana, Prime Minister of Rwanda (1991–1992)
- Dismas Nsengiyaremye, Prime Minister of Rwanda (1992–1993)
- Saint Helena and Dependencies (British overseas territory)
- Governor - Alan Hoole, Governor of Saint Helena (1991–1995)
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- President - Miguel Trovoada, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1991–1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Daniel Daio, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1991–1992)
- Norberto Costa Alegre, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1992–1994)
- Senegal
- President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981–2000)
- Prime Minister - Habib Thiam, Prime Minister of Senegal (1991–1998)
- Seychelles
- President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
- Sierra Leone
- Head of State -
- Joseph Saidu Momoh, President of Sierra Leone (1985–1992)
- Yahya Kanu, Chairman of the National Provisional Defence Council of Sierra Leone (1992).
- Valentine Strasser, Chairman of the Supreme Council of State of Sierra Leone (1992–1996)
- Head of State -
- Somalia
- President - vacant (1991–1995)
- Prime Minister - Umar Arteh Ghalib, Prime Minister of Somalia (1991–1997)
- Somaliland (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur, President of Somaliland (1991–1993)
- South Africa
- President - F. W. de Klerk, State President of South Africa (1989–1994)
- Bophuthatswana (unrecognized state)
- President - Lucas Mangope, President of Bophuthatswana (1968–1994)[1]
- Ciskei (unrecognized state)
- Head of State - Oupa Gqozo, Chairman of the Military Committee and the Council of State of Ciskei (1990–1994)
- Transkei (unrecognized state)
- President - Tutor Nyangelizwe Vulindlela Ndamase, President of Transkei (1986–1994)
- Prime Minister - Bantu Holomisa, Prime Minister of Transkei (1987–1994)
- Venda (unrecognized state)
- President - Gabriel Ramushwana, President of Venda (1990–1994)
- Sudan
- Head of State - Omar al-Bashir, Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation of Sudan (1989–2019)
- Swaziland
- Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986– present)
- Prime Minister - Obed Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1989–1993)
- Tanzania
- President - Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President of Tanzania (1985–1995)
- Prime Minister - John Malecela, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1990–1994)
- Togo
- President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
- Prime Minister - Joseph Kokou Koffigoh, Prime Minister of Togo (1991–1994)
- Tunisia
- President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
- Prime Minister - Hamed Karoui, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1989–1999)
- Uganda
- President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
- Prime Minister - George Cosmas Adyebo, Prime Minister of Uganda (1991–1994)
- Zaire
- President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965–1997)
- Head of Government -
- Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1991–1992)
- Étienne Tshisekedi, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1992–1993)
- Zambia
- President - Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991–2002)
- Zimbabwe
- President - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)
Asia
- Afghanistan
- Republic of Afghanistan changed into the Islamic State of Afghanistan on 28 April 1992
- President -
- Mohammad Najibullah, President of Afghanistan (1987–1992)
- Abdul Rahim Hatef, Acting President of Afghanistan (1992)
- Sibghatullah Mojaddedi, Acting President of Afghanistan (1992)
- Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (1992–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Bahrain
- Monarch - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1961–1999)[2]
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–2020)[3]
- Bangladesh
- President - Abdur Rahman Biswas, President of Bangladesh (1991–1996)
- Prime Minister - Khaleda Zia, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1991–1996)
- Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
- Brunei
- Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)[4]
- Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
- Cambodia
- Chairman of the Council of State -
- Heng Samrin, Chairman of the Council of State of Cambodia (1989–1992)
- Chea Sim, Chairman of the Council of State of Cambodia (1992–1993)
- Chairman of the Supreme National Council - Norodom Sihanouk, Chairman of the Supreme National Council of Cambodia (1991–1993)
- Premier - Hun Sen, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Cambodia (1985–present)[5]
- Chairman of the Council of State -
- China (People's Republic of China)
- De facto leader - Deng Xiaoping, Paramount leader (late 1970s - early 1990s)
- Communist Party Leader - Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1989–2002)
- President - Yang Shangkun, President of China (1988–1993)
- Premier - Li Peng, Premier of the State Council of China (1987–1998)
- Hong Kong (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- David Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn, Governor of Hong Kong (1987–1992)
- Sir David Robert Ford, Acting Governor of Hong Kong (1992)
- Chris Patten, Governor of Hong Kong (1992–1997)
- Governor -
- India
- President -
- R. Venkataraman, President of India (1987–1992)
- Shankar Dayal Sharma, President of India (1992–1997)
- Prime Minister - P. V. Narasimha Rao, Prime Minister of India (1991–1996)
- President -
- Indonesia
- President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
- Iran
- Supreme Leader - Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
- President - Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, President of Iran (1989–1997)
- Iraq
- President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979–2005)
- Prime Minister - Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi, Prime Minister of Iraq (1991–1993)
- Israel
- President - Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (1983–1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Yitzhak Shamir, Prime Minister of Israel (1986–1992)
- Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel (1992–1995)
- Japan
- Monarch - Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–2019)
- Prime Minister - Kiichi Miyazawa, Prime Minister of Japan (1991–1993)
- Jordan
- Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
- Prime Minister - Zaid ibn Shaker, Prime Minister of Jordan (1991–1993)
- Kazakhstan
- President - Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–2019)[6]
- Prime Minister - Sergey Tereshchenko, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1991–1994)
- North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
- President - Kim Il-sung, President of North Korea (1972–1994)
- Premier -
- South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President - Roh Tae-woo, President of South Korea (1988–1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Chung Won-shik, Prime Minister of South Korea (1991–1992)
- Hyun Soong-jong, Prime Minister of South Korea (1992–1993)
- Kuwait
- Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)[7]
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)[8]
- Kyrgyzstan
- President - Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005)[9]
- Prime Minister -
- Andrey Iordan, Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1991–1992)
- Tursunbek Chyngyshev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1992–1993)
- Laos
- Communist Party Leader -
- President -
- Kaysone Phomvihane, President of Laos (1991–1992)
- Nouhak Phoumsavanh, President of Laos (1992–1998)
- Premier - Khamtai Siphandon, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1991–1998)
- Lebanon
- President - Elias Hrawi, President of Lebanon (1989–1998)
- Prime Minister -
- Macau (overseas province of Portugal)
- Governor - Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira, Governor of Macau (1991–1999)
- Malaysia
- Monarch - Sultan Azlan Shah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1989–1994)
- Prime Minister - Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003)
- Maldives
- President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
- Mongolia
- Mongolian People's Republic changed into the Mongolia on 12 February 1992
- President - Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, President of Mongolia (1990–1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Dashiin Byambasüren, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1990–1992)
- Puntsagiin Jasrai, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1992–1996)
- Myanmar
- Head of State -
- Prime Minister -
- Saw Maung, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1988–1992)
- Than Shwe, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1992–2003)
- Nepal
- Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
- Prime Minister - Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal (1991–1994)
- Oman
- Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
- Pakistan
- President - Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President of Pakistan (1988–1993)
- Prime Minister - Nawaz Sharif, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1990–1993)
- Philippines
- President -
- Corazon Aquino, President of the Philippines (1986–1992)
- Fidel Ramos, President of the Philippines (1992–1998)
- President -
- Qatar
- Monarch - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995)[10]
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Prime Minister - Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Singapore
- President - Wee Kim Wee, President of Singapore (1985–1993)
- Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990–2004)
- Sri Lanka
- President - Ranasinghe Premadasa, President of Sri Lanka (1989–1993)
- Prime Minister - Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1989–1993)
- Syria
- President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971–2000)
- Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1987–2000)
- Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President - Lee Teng-hui, President of Taiwan (1988–2000)
- Premier - Hau Pei-tsun, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1990–1993)
- Tajikistan
- President -
- Rahmon Nabiyev, President of Tajikistan (1991–1992)
- Akbarsho Iskandrov, Acting President of Tajikistan (1992)
- Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Izatullo Khayoyev, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1991–1992)
- Akbar Mirzoyev, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1992)
- Abdumalik Abdullajanov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1992–1993)
- President -
- Thailand
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister -
- Anand Panyarachun, Prime Minister of Thailand (1991–1992)
- Suchinda Kraprayoon, Prime Minister of Thailand (1992)
- Meechai Ruchuphan, Acting Prime Minister of Thailand (1992)
- Anand Panyarachun, Prime Minister of Thailand (1992)
- Chuan Leekpai, Prime Minister of Thailand (1992–1995)
- Turkey
- President - Turgut Özal, President of Turkey (1989–1993)
- Prime Minister - Süleyman Demirel, Prime Minister of Turkey (1991–1993)
- Turkmenistan
- President - Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (1990–2006)[11]
- Premier - Han Ahmedow, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Turkmenistan (1989–1992)
- United Arab Emirates
- President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971–2004)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
- Uzbekistan
- President - Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–2016)[12]
- Prime Minister - Abdulhashim Mutalov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (1992–1995)
- Vietnam
- Communist Party Leader - Đỗ Mười, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1991–1997)
- Head of State -
- Võ Chí Công, Chairman of the State Council of Vietnam (1987–1992)
- Lê Đức Anh, President of Vietnam (1992–1997)
- Prime Minister - Võ Văn Kiệt, Prime Minister of Vietnam[13] (1991–1997)
- Yemen
- President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Yemen (1978–2012)[14]
- Prime Minister - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Prime Minister of Yemen (1990–1994)
Europe
- Albania
- President -
- Ramiz Alia, President of Albania (1982–1992)
- Kastriot Islami, Acting President of Albania (1992)
- Pjetër Arbnori, Acting President of Albania (1992)
- Sali Berisha, President of Albania (1992–1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Vilson Ahmeti, Prime Minister of Albania (1991–1992)
- Aleksandër Meksi, Prime Minister of Albania (1992–1997)
- President -
- Andorra
- Monarchs-
- French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981–1995)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Jean-Pierre Courtois (1989–1993)
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí I Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Francesc Badia i Batalla (1972–1993)
- French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981–1995)
- Prime Minister - Òscar Ribas Reig, Head of Government of Andorra (1990–1994)
- Monarchs-
- Armenia
- President - Levon Ter-Petrosyan, President of Armenia (1990–1998)[15]
- Prime Minister -
- Gagik Harutyunyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1991–1992)
- Khosrov Harutyunyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1992–1993)
- Austria
- President -
- Kurt Waldheim, Federal President of Austria (1986–1992)
- Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004)
- Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1986–1997)
- President -
- Azerbaijan
- President -
- Ayaz Mutallibov, President of Azerbaijan (1990–1992)[16]
- Yaqub Mammadov, Acting President of Azerbaijan (1992)
- Ayaz Mutallibov, President of Azerbaijan (1992)
- Isa Gambar, Acting President of Azerbaijan (1992)
- Abulfaz Elchibey, President of Azerbaijan (1992–1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Hasan Hasanov, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1990–1992)[17]
- Firuz Mustafayev, Acting Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1992)
- Rahim Huseynov, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1992–1993)
- Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- declared independence on 6 January 1992
- Head of State -
- Artur Mkrtchyan, Chairman of the Parliament of Nagorno-Karabakh (1992)
- Georgy Petrosyan, Acting Chairman of the Parliament of Nagorno-Karabakh (1992–1993)
- Prime Minister - Robert Kocharyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1992–1994)
- President -
- Belarus
- Head of State - Stanislav Shushkevich, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Belarus (1991–1994)
- Premier - Vyacheslav Kebich, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Belarus (1990–1994)[18]
- Belgium
- Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1981–1992)
- Jean-Luc Dehaene, Prime Minister of Belgium (1992–1999)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- the the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence on 3 March 1992
- President - Alija Izetbegović, President of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1990–1996)
- Prime Minister -
- Republika Srpska (unrecognized secessionist state)
- declared secession from Bosnia-Hercegovina, but not Yugoslavia on 7 April 1992
- Head of State -
- Momčilo Krajišnik, President of the People's Assembly of Republika Srpska (1991–1992)
- Radovan Karadžić, President of Republika Srpska (1992–1996)
- Prime Minister -
- Miodrag Simović, President of the Ministerial Council of Republika Srpska (1991–1992)
- Branko Djerić, Prime Minister of Republika Srpska (1992–1993)
- Bulgaria
- President - Zhelyu Zhelev, President of Bulgaria (1990–1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Philip Dimitrov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1991–1992)
- Lyuben Berov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1992–1994)
- Croatia
- President - Franjo Tuđman, President of Croatia (1990–1999)[19]
- Prime Minister -
- Franjo Gregurić, Prime Minister of Croatia (1991–1992)
- Hrvoje Šarinić, Prime Minister of Croatia (1992–1993)
- Republic of Serbian Krajina (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President -
- Milan Babić, President of Serbian Krajina (1991–1992)
- Mile Paspalj, Acting President of Serbian Krajina (1992)
- Goran Hadžić, President of Serbian Krajina (1992–1994)
- Prime Minister -
- Dusan Vještica, Prime Minister of Serbian Krajina (1991–1992)
- Risto Matkovic, Acting Prime Minister of Serbian Krajina (1992)
- Zdravko Zecevic, Prime Minister of Serbian Krajina (1992–1993)
- President -
- Cyprus
- President - George Vasiliou, President of Cyprus (1988–1993)
- Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President - Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)
- Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1985–1994)
- Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
- dissolved on 31 December 1992
- President -
- Václav Havel, President of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1989–1992)
- Jan Stráský, Acting President of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1992)
- Prime Minister -
- Marián Čalfa, Prime Minister of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1989–1992)
- Jan Stráský, Prime Minister of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1992)
- Denmark
- Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
- Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982–1993)
- Estonia
- Head of State -
- Arnold Rüütel, Chairman of the Supreme Council of Estonia (1990–1992)
- Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (1992–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Head of State -
- Finland
- President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland, (1982–1994)
- Prime Minister - Esko Aho, Prime Minister of Finland, (1991–1995)
- France
- President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981–1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Édith Cresson, Prime Minister of France (1991–1992)
- Pierre Bérégovoy, Prime Minister of France (1992–1993)
- Georgia
- Head of State -
- Zviad Gamsakhurdia, President of Georgia (1990–1992)[20]
- Tengiz Kitovani and Jaba Ioseliani, co-leaders of the Military Council of Georgia (1992)
- Eduard Shevardnadze, Chairman of the State Council of Georgia (1992–2003)
- Prime Minister -
- Bessarion Gugushvili, Prime Minister of Georgia (1991–1992)
- Tengiz Sigua, Prime Minister of Georgia (1992–1993)
- Abkhazia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- the former Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 23 July 1992
- Head of State - Vladislav Ardzinba, Chairman of the parliament of Abkhazia (1990–2005)
- Prime Minister - Vazha Zarandia, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1992–1993)
- South Ossetia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- Head of State - Torez Kulumbegov, Chairman of the Supreme Council of South Ossetia (1991–1993)
- Prime Minister - Oleg Teziev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (1991–1993)
- Head of State -
- Germany
- President - Richard von Weizsäcker, Federal President of Germany (1984–1994)[21]
- Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Federal Chancellor of Germany (1982–1998)[22]
- Greece
- President - Konstantinos Karamanlis, President of Greece (1990–1995)
- Prime Minister - Konstantinos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister of Greece (1990–1993)
- Hungary
- President - Árpád Göncz, President of Hungary (1990–2000)
- Prime Minister - József Antall, Prime Minister of Hungary (1990–1993)
- Iceland
- President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980–1996)
- Prime Minister - Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
- Ireland
- President - Mary Robinson, President of Ireland (1990–1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Charles Haughey, Taoiseach of Ireland (1987–1992)
- Albert Reynolds, Taoiseach of Ireland (1992–1994)
- Italy
- President -
- Francesco Cossiga, President of Italy (1985–1992)
- Giovanni Spadolini, Acting President of Italy (1992)
- Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, President of Italy (1992–1999)
- Prime Minister -
- President -
- Latvia
- President - Anatolijs Gorbunovs, President of Latvia (1988–1993)[23]
- Prime Minister - Ivars Godmanis, Prime Minister of Latvia (1990–1993)[24]
- Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
- Prime Minister - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978–1993)
- Lithuania
- Head of State -
- Vytautas Landsbergis, Chairman of the Supreme Council of Lithuania (1990–1992)[25]
- Algirdas Brazauskas, President of Lithuania (1992–1998)
- Prime Minister -
- Gediminas Vagnorius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1991–1992)
- Aleksandras Abišala, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1992)
- Bronislovas Lubys, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1992–1993)
- Head of State -
- Luxembourg
- Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
- Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984–1995)
- Macedonia
- President - Kiro Gligorov, President of Macedonia (1991–1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Nikola Kljusev, President of the Government of Macedonia (1991–1992)
- Branko Crvenkovski, President of the Government of Macedonia (1992–1998)
- Malta
- President - Ċensu Tabone, President of Malta (1989–1994)
- Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1987–1996)
- Moldova
- President - Mircea Snegur, President of Moldova (1989–1997)[26]
- Prime Minister -
- Valeriu Muravschi, Prime Minister of Moldova (1991–1992)
- Andrei Sangheli, Prime Minister of Moldova (1992–1997)
- Gagauzia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Stepan Topal, President of Gagauzia (1990–1995)
- Transnistria (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President - Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011)[27]
- Monaco
- Monarch - Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government - Jaques Dupont, Minister of State of Monaco (1991–1994)
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
- Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982–1994)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
- see under North America
- Aruba (constituent country)
- see under North America
- Norway
- Monarch - Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
- Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway (1990–1996)
- Poland
- President - Lech Wałęsa, President of Poland (1990–1995)
- Premier -
- Jan Olszewski, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1991–1992)
- Waldemar Pawlak, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1992)
- Hanna Suchocka, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1992–1993)
- Portugal
- President - Mário Soares, President of Portugal (1986–1996)
- Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (1985–1995)
- Romania
- President - Ion Iliescu, President of Romania (1989–1996)
- Prime Minister -
- Theodor Stolojan, Prime Minister of Romania (1991–1992)
- Nicolae Văcăroiu, Prime Minister of Romania (1992–1996)
- Russia
- President - Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia (1990–1999)[28]
- Prime Minister -
- Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Dzhokhar Dudayev, President of Ichkeria (1991–1996)
- Prime Minister – Dzhokhar Dudayev, Prime Minister of Ichkeria (1991–1996)
- San Marino
- Captains Regent -
- Edda Ceccoli and Marino Riccardi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1991–1992)
- Germano De Biagi and Ernesto Benedettini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1992)
- Romeo Morri and Marino Zanotti, Captains Regent of San Marino (1992–1993)
- Captains Regent -
- Slovenia
- President - Milan Kučan, President of Slovenia (1990–2002)[29]
- Prime Minister -
- Lojze Peterle, Prime Minister of Slovenia (1990–1992)[30]
- Janez Drnovšek, Prime Minister of Slovenia (1992–2000)
- Spain
- Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
- Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government of Spain (1982–1996)
- Sweden
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973– present)
- Prime Minister - Carl Bildt, Prime Minister of Sweden (1991–1994)
- Switzerland
- Federal Council:[31]
- René Felber (1987–1993, President), Otto Stich (1983–1995), Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1983–1998), Arnold Koller (1986–1999), Flavio Cotti (1986–1999), Adolf Ogi (1987–2000), Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003)
- Federal Council:[31]
- Ukraine
- President - Leonid Kravchuk, President of Ukraine (1990–1994)[32]
- Prime Minister -
- Vitold Fokin, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1990–1992)[33]
- Valentyn Symonenko, Acting Prime Minister of Ukraine (1992)
- Leonid Kuchma, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1992–1993)
- United Kingdom
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister - John Major, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990–1997)
- Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Michael Wilkins, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1990–1994)
- Bailiff -
- Sir Charles Frossard, Bailiff of Guernsey (1982–1992)
- Sir Graham Dorey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1992–1999)
- Jersey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Sutton, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1990–1995)
- Bailiff - Sir Peter Crill, Bailiff of Jersey (1986–1995)
- Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant Governor - Sir Laurence Jones, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (1990–1995)
- Chief minister - Miles Walker, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (1986–1996)
- Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Sir Derek Reffell, Governor of Gibraltar (1989–1993)
- Chief Minister - Joe Bossano, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1988–1996)
- Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
- President of the Governorate - Cardinal Rosalio Lara, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1990–1997)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
- Secretary of State - Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)
- Yugoslavia -
- Federal Republic of Yugoslavia established on 27 April 1992 by two constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Republic of Kosova (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Ibrahim Rugova, President of the Republic of Kosova (1992–2000)
- Prime Minister - Bujar Bukoshi, Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1991–2000)
North America
- Anguilla (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- Brian G.J. Canty, Governor of Anguilla (1989–1992)
- Alan Shave, Governor of Anguilla (1992–1995)
- Chief Minister - Emile Gumbs, Chief Minister of Anguilla (1984–1994)
- Governor -
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Wilfred Jacobs, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1967–1993)[34]
- Prime Minister - Vere Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1976–1994)[35]
- Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor -
- Felipe Tromp, Governor of Aruba (1986–1992)
- Olindo Koolman, Governor of Aruba (1992–2004)
- Prime Minister - Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of Aruba (1989–1994)
- Governor -
- The Bahamas
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General -
- Sir Henry Milton Taylor, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1988–1992)
- Sir Clifford Darling, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1992–1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Sir Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967–1992)[36]
- Hubert Ingraham, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002)
- Barbados
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General - Dame Nita Barrow, Governor-General of Barbados (1990–1995)
- Prime Minister - Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, Prime Minister of Barbados (1987–1994)
- Belize
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Dame Elmira Minita Gordon, Governor-General of Belize (1981–1993)
- Prime Minister - George Cadle Price, Prime Minister of Belize (1989–1993)
- Bermuda (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- Sir Desmond Langley, Governor of Bermuda (1988–1992)
- David Waddington, Baron Waddington, Governor of Bermuda (1992–1997)
- Premier - Sir John Swan, Premier of Bermuda (1982–1995)
- Governor -
- British Virgin Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Peter Penfold, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1991–1995)
- Chief Minister - Lavity Stoutt, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1986–1995)
- Canada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Ray Hnatyshyn, Governor General of Canada (1989–1995)
- Prime Minister - Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister of Canada (1984–1993)
- Cayman Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- Alan James Scott, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1987–1992)
- Michael Edward John Gore, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1992–1995)
- Head of Government - Thomas Jefferson, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (1992–1994)
- Governor -
- Costa Rica
- President - Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier, President of Costa Rica (1990–1994)
- Cuba
- Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Premier - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
- Dominica
- President - Sir Clarence Augustus Seignoret, President of Dominica (1983–1993)
- Prime Minister - Dame Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)
- Dominican Republic
- President - Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1986–1996)
- El Salvador
- President - Alfredo Cristiani, President of El Salvador (1989–1994)
- Grenada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
- Governor-General -
- Sir Paul Scoon, Governor-General of Grenada (1978–1992)
- Sir Reginald Palmer, Governor-General of Grenada (1992–1996)
- Prime Minister - Nicholas Brathwaite, Prime Minister of Grenada (1990–1995)
- Guatemala
- President - Jorge Serrano Elías, President of Guatemala (1991–1993)
- Haiti
- President -
- Joseph Nérette, Provisional President of Haiti (1991–1992)
- Marc Bazin, Acting President of Haiti (1992–1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Jean-Jacques Honorat, Prime Minister of Haiti (1991–1992)
- Marc Bazin, Prime Minister of Haiti (1992–1993)
- President -
- Honduras
- President - Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero, President of Honduras (1990–1994)
- Jamaica
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006)
- Prime Minister -
- Michael Manley, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1989–1992)
- P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006)
- Mexico
- President - Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President of Mexico (1988–1994)
- Montserrat (British dependent territory)
- Governor - David G. P. Taylor, Governor of Montserrat (1990–1993)
- Chief Minister - Reuben Meade, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1991–1996)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1990–2002)
- Prime Minister - Maria Liberia Peters, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1988–1993)
- Nicaragua
- President - Violeta Chamorro, President of Nicaragua (1990–1997)
- Panama
- President - Guillermo Endara, President of Panama (1989–1994)
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Clement Arrindell, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1981–1995)[37]
- Prime Minister - Kennedy Simmonds, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1980–1995)[38]
- Saint Lucia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Stanislaus A. James, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1988–1996)
- Prime Minister - John Compton, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982–1996)
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Perfect -
- Kamel Khrissate, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1991–1992)
- Yves Henry, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1992–1994)
- President of the General Council - Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1984–1994)
- Perfect -
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Sir David Emmanuel Jack, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1989–1996)
- Prime Minister - James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984–2000)
- Trinidad and Tobago
- President - Noor Hassanali, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987–1997)
- Prime Minister - Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1991–1995)
- Turks and Caicos Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Michael J. Bradley, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1987–1993)
- Chief Minister - Washington Misick, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1991–1995)
- United States of America
- President - George H. W. Bush, President of the United States (1989–1993)
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor - Rafael Hernández Colón, Governor of Puerto Rico (1985–1993)
- United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Alexander Farrelly, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1987–1995)
Oceania
- American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor - Peter Tali Coleman, Governor of American Samoa (1989–1993)
- Australia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Bill Hayden, Governor-General of Australia (1989–1996)
- Prime Minister - Paul Keating, Prime Minister of Australia (1991–1996)
- Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator -
- P. Gifford, Acting Administrator of Christmas Island (1991-1992)
- Michael John Grimes, Administrator of Christmas Island (1992-1994)
- Shire President -
- P. Goh, Chairman of the Christmas Island Assembly (1991–1992)
- Lillian Oh, Shire president of Christmas Island (1992–1995)
- Administrator -
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator -
- Barry Cunningham, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1990-1992)
- John Bell Read, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1992-1994)
- Council Chairman - Parson bin Yapat, Chairman of the Cocos Islands Council (1983-1993)
- Administrator -
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator -
- Herbert Bruce MacDonald, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1989–1992)
- Alan Gardner Kerr, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1992–1997)
- Head of Government -
- David Buffett, President of the Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island (1989–1992)
- John Terence Brown, Head of Government of Norfolk Island (1992–1994)
- Administrator -
- Fiji
- President - Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, President of Fiji (1987–1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji (1987–1992)
- Sitiveni Rabuka, Prime Minister of Fiji (1992–1999)
- French Polynesia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner -
- Jean Montpezat, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1987–1992)
- Michel Jau, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1992–1994)
- President of the Government - Gaston Flosse, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1991–2004)
- High Commissioner -
- Guam (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Joseph Franklin Ada, Governor of Guam (1987–1995)
- Kiribati
- President - Teatao Teannaki, President of Kiribati (1991–1994)
- Marshall Islands
- President - Amata Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (1979–1996)[39]
- Micronesia
- President - Bailey Olter, President of Micronesia (1991–1997)
- Nauru
- President - Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (1989–1995)
- New Caledonia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Alain Christnacht, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1991–1994)
- New Zealand
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Dame Catherine Tizard, Governor-General of New Zealand (1990–1996)
- Prime Minister - Jim Bolger, Prime Minister of New Zealand, (1990–1997)
- Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
- Queen's Representative - Apenera Short, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (1990–2000)
- Prime Minister - Geoffrey Henry, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1989–1999)
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
- Premier -
- Sir Robert Rex, Premier of Niue (1974–1992)
- Young Vivian, Premier of Niue (1992–1993)
- Premier -
- Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator -
- Graham Keith Ansell, Administrator of Tokelau (1990–1992)
- Brian Absolum, Administrator of Tokelau (1992–1993)
- Head of Government - Kuresa Nasau, Head of Government of Tokelau (1992–1993)
- Administrator -
- Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor - Lorenzo I. De Leon Guerrero, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1990–1994)
- Palau (United Nations Trust Territory administered by the USA)
- President - Ngiratkel Etpison, President of Palau (1989–1993)
- Papua New Guinea
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Wiwa Korowi, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1991–1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Rabbie Namaliu, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1988–1992)
- Paias Wingti, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1992–1994)
- Pitcairn Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - David Moss, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1990–1994)
- Mayor - Jay Warren, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1991–1999)
- Solomon Islands
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir George Lepping, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1988–1994)
- Prime Minister - Solomon Mamaloni, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1989–1993)
- Tonga
- Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)[40]
- Prime Minister - Baron Vaea, Prime Minister of Tonga, (1991–2000)
- Tuvalu
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Toaripi Lauti, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1990–1993)
- Prime Minister - Bikenibeu Paeniu, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1989–1993)
- Vanuatu
- President - Frederick Karlomuana Timakata, President of Vanuatu (1989–1994)
- Prime Minister - Maxime Carlot Korman, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1991–1995)
- Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)
- Administrator-Superior - Robert Pommies, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (1990–1993)
- President of the Territorial Assembly -
- Clovis Logologofolau, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1990–1992)
- Soane Mani Uhila, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1992–1994)
- Western Samoa
- Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister - Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1988–1998)
South America
- Argentina
- President - Carlos Menem, President of Argentina (1989–1999)
- Bolivia
- President - Jaime Paz Zamora, President of Bolivia (1989–1993)
- Brazil
- President -
- Fernando Collor de Mello, President of Brazil (1990–1992)
- Itamar Franco, President of Brazil (1992–1994)
- President -
- Chile
- President - Patricio Aylwin, President of Chile (1990–1994)
- Colombia
- President - César Gaviria, President of Colombia (1990–1994)
- Ecuador
- President -
- Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, President of Ecuador (1988–1992)
- Sixto Durán Ballén, President of Ecuador (1992–1996)
- President -
- Falkland Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- William Hugh Fullerton, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1988–1992)
- David Tatham, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1992–1996)
- Chief Executive - Ronald Sampson, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands (1989–1994)
- Governor -
- Guyana
- President -
- Desmond Hoyte, President of Guyana (1985–1992)
- Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (1992–1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Hamilton Green, Prime Minister of Guyana (1985–1992)
- Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1992–1997)
- President -
- Paraguay
- President - Andrés Rodríguez, President of Paraguay (1989–1993)
- Peru
- President - Alberto Fujimori, President of Peru (1990–2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Alfonso de Los Heros, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1991–1992)
- Oscar De La Puente, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1992–1993)
- Suriname
- President - Ronald Venetiaan, President of Suriname (1991–1996)
- Uruguay
- President - Luis Alberto Lacalle, President of Uruguay (1990–1995)
- Venezuela
- President - Carlos Andrés Pérez, President of Venezuela (1989–1993)
References
- Bophuthatswana was only declared to be independent in 1977.
- Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
- Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- Brunei only became independent in 1984.
- Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister between 1993 and 1998.
- Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
- In exile between 1990 and 1991.
- In exile between 1990 and 1991.
- Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
- Qatar only became independent in 1971.
- Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
- Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
- Titled Chairman of the Council of Ministers until 24 September 1992.
- Ali Abdullah Saleh was President of North Yemen until 1990.
- Armenia only became independent in 1991.
- Azerbaijan only became independent in 1991.
- Azerbaijan only became independent in 1991.
- Belarus only became independent in 1991.
- Croatia only became independent in 1991.
- Georgia only became independent in 1991.
- Richard von Weizsäcker was President of West Germany until 1990.
- Helmut Kohl was Chancellor of West Germany until 1990.
- Latvia only became independent in 1991.
- Latvia only became independent in 1991.
- Lithuania only became independent in 1991.
- Moldova only became independent in 1991.
- Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
- Russia only became independent in 1991.
- Slovenia only became independent in 1991.
- Slovenia only became independent in 1991.
- The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- Ukraine only became independent in 1991.
- Ukraine only became independent in 1991.
- Antigua and Barbuda only became independent in 1981, until then Sir Wilfred Jacobs was titled Governor of Antigua and Barbuda.
- Antigua and Barbuda only became independent in 1981.
- The Bahamas only became independent in 1973.
- Saint Kitts and Nevis only became independent in 1983, until then Sir Clement Arrindell was titled Governor of Saint Christopher and Nevis.
- Saint Kitts and Nevis only became independent in 1983.
- The Marshall Islands only became independent in 1986.
- Tonga only became independent in 1970.
External links
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