List of state leaders in 1974
Africa
- Algeria
- Head of State - Houari Boumediene, President of the Revolutionary Council of Algeria (1965–1978)
- Angola (overseas province of Portugal)
- High Commissioner and Governor-General -
- Fernando Augusto Santos e Castro, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Angola (1972–1974)
- Joaquim Franco Pinheiro, Acting High Commissioner and Governor-General of Angola (1974)
- Silvino Silvério Marques, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Angola (1974)
- António Alva Rosa Coutinho, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Angola (1974–1975)
- High Commissioner and Governor-General -
- Botswana
- President - Sir Seretse Khama, President of Botswana (1966–1980)
- Burundi
- President - Michel Micombero, President of Burundi (1966–1976)
- Cameroon
- President - Ahmadou Ahidjo, President of Cameroon (1960–1982)
- Cape Verde Islands (overseas province of Portugal)
- Governor -
- Antonio Lopes dos Santos, Governor of the Cape Verde Islands (1969–1974)
- Henrique Afonso da Silva Horta, Governor of the Cape Verde Islands (1974)
- Vicente Almeida d'Eça, High Commissioner of the Cape Verde Islands (1974–1975)
- Governor -
- Central African Republic
- President - Jean-Bédel Bokassa, President for Life of the Central African Republic (1966–1979)[1]
- Chad
- President - N'Garta Tombalbaye, President of Chad (1960–1975)
- Prime Minister - N'Garta Tombalbaye, Prime Minister of Chad (1959–1975)[2]
- Comoros (overseas territory of France)
- High Commissioner - Jacques Mouradian, High Commissioner of the Comoros (1969–1975)
- Head of Government - Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Government Council of the Comoros (1972–1975)
- Congo
- Head of State - Marien Ngouabi, Head of State of Congo (1969–1977)
- Prime Minister - Henri Lopès, Prime Minister of Congo (1973–1975)
- Dahomey
- President - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Dahomey (1972–1991)
- Egypt
- President - Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt (1970–1981)
- Prime Minister -
- Anwar Sadat, Prime Minister of Egypt (1973–1974)
- Abdel Aziz Mohamed Hegazy, Prime Minister of Egypt (1974–1975)
- Equatorial Guinea
- President - Francisco Macías Nguema Biyogo, President for Life of Equatorial Guinea (1968–1979)
- Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Empire superseded by Ethiopia on 12 September 1974
- Monarch - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)[3]
- Head of State -
- Aman Andom, Chairman of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces of Ethiopia (1974)
- Mengistu Haile Mariam, Chairman of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces of Ethiopia (1974)
- Tafari Benti, Chairman of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces of Ethiopia (1974–1977)
- Prime Minister -
- Aklilu Habte-Wold, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1961–1974)
- Endelkachew Makonnen, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1974)
- Mikael Imru, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1974)
- French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner -
- Georges Thiercy, High Commissioner of the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (1971–1974)
- Christian Dablanc, High Commissioner of the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (1974–1976)
- Prime Minister - Ali Aref Bourhan, President of the Government Council of the French Territory of the Afars and Issas (1967–1976)
- High Commissioner -
- Gabon
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
- The Gambia
- President - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970–1994)
- Ghana
- Head of State - Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, Chairman of the National Redemption Council of Ghana (1972–1978)
- Guinea
- President - Ahmed Sékou Touré, President of Guinea (1958–1984)
- Prime Minister - Louis Lansana Beavogui, Prime Minister of Guinea (1972–1984)
- Guinea-Bissau
- Portuguese Guinea's independence, declared on 24 September 1973, was recognized by Portugal on 10 September 1974
- Governor -
- José Manuel Bettencourt Rodrigues, Governor of Portuguese Guinea (1973–1974)
- Mateus da Silva, Governor of Portuguese Guinea (1974)
- San Gouveia, Governor of Portuguese Guinea (1974)
- Carlos Fabião, Governor of Portuguese Guinea (1974)
- Head of State - Luís Cabral, Chairman of the Council of State of Guinea-Bissau (1973–1980)
- Prime Minister - Francisco Mendes, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1973–1978)
- Ivory Coast
- President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Ivory Coast (1960–1993)
- Kenya
- President - Jomo Kenyatta, President of Kenya (1964–1978)
- Lesotho
- Monarch - Moshoeshoe II, King of Lesotho (1970–1990)
- Prime Minister - Leabua Jonathan, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1965–1986)[4]
- Liberia
- President - William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (1971–1980)
- Libya
- De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- Nominal Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council of Libya (1969–1979)
- Prime Minister - Abdessalam Jalloud, Prime Minister of Libya (1972–1977)
- Malagasy Republic
- Head of State - Gabriel Ramanantsoa, Head of State of the Malagasy Republic (1972–1975)
- Prime Minister - Gabriel Ramanantsoa, Prime Minister of the Malagasy Republic (1972–1975)
- Malawi
- President - Hastings Banda, President for Life of Malawi (1966–1994)
- Mali
- Head of State - Moussa Traoré, Head of State of Mali (1968–1991)
- Mauritania
- President - Moktar Ould Daddah, President of Mauritania (1960–1978)
- Mauritius
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968–1992)
- Governor-General - Sir Raman Osman, Governor-General of Mauritius (1972–1977)
- Prime Minister - Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1961–1982)[5]
- Morocco
- Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
- Prime Minister - Ahmed Osman, Prime Minister of Morocco (1972–1979)
- Mozambique (overseas province of Portugal)
- High Commissioner and Governor-General -
- Manuel Pimentel Pereira dos Santos, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Mozambique (1972–1974)
- David Teixeira Ferreira, Acting High Commissioner and Governor-General of Mozambique (1974)
- Henrique Soares de Melo, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Mozambique (1974)
- Jorge Ferro Ribeiro, Acting High Commissioner and Governor-General of Mozambique (1974)
- Victor Crespo, High Commissioner and Governor-General of Mozambique (1974–1975)
- Prime Minister - Joaquim Chissano, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1974–1975)
- High Commissioner and Governor-General -
- Niger
- Head of State -
- Hamani Diori, President of Niger (1960–1974)
- Seyni Kountché, President of the Supreme Military Council of Niger (1974–1987)
- Head of State -
- Nigeria
- Head of State - Yakubu Gowon, Head of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria (1966–1975)
- Rhodesia (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
- President - Clifford Dupont, President of Rhodesia (1965–1975)[6]
- Prime Minister - Ian Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia (1965–1979)
- Rwanda
- President - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973–1994)
- Saint Helena and Dependencies (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir Thomas Oates, Governor of Saint Helena (1971–1976)
- São Tomé and Príncipe (autonomous province of Portugal from 21 December 1974, until then overseas province)
- High Commissioner -
- João Cecilio Gonçalves, High Commissioner of São Tomé and Príncipe (1973–1974)
- António Elísio Capelo Pires Veloso, High Commissioner of São Tomé and Príncipe (1974–1975)
- Prime Minister - Leonel Mário d'Alva, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe (1974–1975)
- High Commissioner -
- Senegal
- President - Léopold Sédar Senghor, President of Senegal (1960–1980)
- Prime Minister - Abdou Diouf, Prime Minister of Senegal (1970–1980)
- Seychelles (British crown colony)
- Governor - Colin Allan, Governor of the Seychelles (1973–1976)
- Chief Minister - James Mancham, Chief Minister of the Seychelles (1970–1976)
- Sierra Leone
- President - Siaka Stevens, President of Sierra Leone (1971–1985)
- Prime Minister - Sorie Ibrahim Koroma, Prime Minister of Sierra Leone (1971–1975)
- Somalia
- President - Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1969–1991)
- South Africa
- President - Jacobus Johannes Fouché, State President of South Africa (1968–1975)
- Prime Minister - B. J. Vorster, Prime Minister of South Africa (1966–1978)
- South West Africa (League of Nations mandate administered by South Africa)
- Administrator - Barend Johannes van der Walt, Administrator of South West Africa (1971–1977)
- Spanish Sahara (Spanish overseas province)
- Governor-General -
- Fernando de Santiago y Díaz, Governor-General of Spanish Sahara (1971–1974)
- Federico Gómez de Salazar y Nieto, Governor-General of Spanish Sahara (1974–1976)
- Governor-General -
- Sudan
- President - Gaafar Nimeiry, President of Sudan (1969–1985)
- Prime Minister - Gaafar Nimeiry, Prime minister of Sudan (1969–1976)
- Swaziland
- Monarch - Sobhuza II, King of Swaziland (1921–1982)[7]
- Prime Minister - Prince Makhosini Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1967–1976)[8]
- Tanzania
- President - Julius Nyerere, President of Tanzania (1962–1985)[9]
- Prime Minister - Rashidi Kawawa, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1972–1977)
- Togo
- President - Étienne Eyadéma,[10] President of Togo (1967–2005)
- Tunisia
- President - Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia (1957–1987)
- Prime Minister - Hedi Amara Nouira, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1970–1980)
- Uganda
- President - Idi Amin, President of Uganda (1971–1979)
- Upper Volta
- President - Sangoulé Lamizana, President of Upper Volta (1966–1980)
- Prime Minister -
- Gérard Kango Ouedraogo, Prime Minister of Upper Volta (1971–1974)
- Sangoulé Lamizana, Prime Minister of Upper Volta (1974–1978)
- Zaire
- President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965–1997)
- Zambia
- President - Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964–1991)
- Prime Minister - Mainza Chona, Prime Minister of Zambia (1973–1975)
Asia
- Afghanistan
- President - Mohammed Daoud Khan, President of Afghanistan (1973–1978)
- Bahrain
- Monarch - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1961–1999)[11]
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–2020)[12]
- Bangladesh
- President - Mohammad Mohammadullah, President of Bangladesh (1973–1975)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1972–1975)
- Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
- Brunei (British protected state)
- High Commissioner - Peter Gautrey, British High Commissioner in Brunei (1972–1975)
- Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
- Chief Minister - Pengiran Dipa Negara Laila Diraja Pengiran Abdul Mumin, Chief Minister of Brunei (1972–1981)
- Burma
- President - Ne Win, President of Burma (1962–1981)
- Prime Minister -
- China (People's Republic of China)
- Communist Party Leader - Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1935–1976)
- Acting Head of State - Dong Biwu, Acting Chairman of China (1968–1975)
- Premier - Zhou Enlai, Premier of the State Council of China (1949–1976)
- Hong Kong (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir Murray MacLehose, Governor of Hong Kong (1971–1982)
- India
- President -
- V. V. Giri, President of India (1969–1974)
- Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, President of India (1974–1977)
- Prime Minister - Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1966–1977)
- Sikkim (Indian protectorate)
- Indian Politician Officer -
- Kayatyani Shankar Bajpai, Political Officer in Sikkim (1972–1974)
- Gurbachan Singh, Political Officer in Sikkim (1974–1975)
- Monarch - Palden Thondup Namgyal, Chogyal of Sikkim (1963–1975)
- Prime Minister -
- B.S. Das, Chief Administrative Officer of Sikkim (1973–1974)
- Kazi Lhendup Dorjee, Prime Minister of Sikkim (1974–1979)
- Indian Politician Officer -
- President -
- Indonesia
- President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
- Iran
- Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
- Prime Minister - Amir-Abbas Hoveida, Prime Minister of Iran (1965–1977)
- Iraq
- President - Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, President of Iraq (1968–1979)
- Prime Minister - Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Prime Minister of Iraq (1968–1979)
- Israel
- President - Ephraim Katzir, President of Israel (1973–1978)
- Prime Minister -
- Golda Meir, Prime Minister of Israel (1969–1974)
- Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel (1974–1977)
- Japan
- Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
- Prime Minister -
- Kakuei Tanaka, Prime Minister of Japan (1972–1974)
- Takeo Miki, Prime Minister of Japan (1974–1976)
- Jordan
- Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
- Prime Minister - Zaid al-Rifai, Prime Minister of Jordan (1973–1976)
- Khmer Republic
- President - Lon Nol, President of the Khmer Republic (1972–1975)
- Prime Minister - Long Boret, Prime Minister of the Khmer Republic (1973–1975)
- North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
- President - Kim Il-sung, President of North Korea (1972–1994)
- Premier - Kim Il, Premier of the Council of Ministers of North Korea (1972–1976)
- South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President - Park Chung-hee, President of South Korea (1962–1979)
- Prime Minister - Kim Jong-pil, Prime Minister of South Korea (1971–1975)
- Kuwait
- Monarch - Sheikh Sabah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1965–1977)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1965–1978)
- Laos
- Monarch - Savang Vatthana, King of Laos (1959–1975)
- Prime Minister - Prince Souvanna Phouma, Prime Minister of Laos (1962–1975)
- Lebanon
- President - Suleiman Frangieh, President of Lebanon (1970–1976)
- Prime Minister -
- Macau (overseas province of Portugal)
- Governor -
- José Manuel de Sousa e Faro Nobre de Carvalho, Governor of Macau (1966–1974)
- José Garcia Leandro, Governor of Macau (1974–1979)
- Governor -
- Malaysia
- Monarch - Tuanku Abdul Halim, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1970–1975)
- Prime Minister - Abdul Razak Hussein, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1970–1976)
- Maldives
- President - Ibrahim Nasir, President of the Maldives (1968–1978)
- Prime Minister - Ahmed Zaki, Prime Minister of the Maldives (1972–1975)
- Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1958–1984)
- Head of State -
- Premier -
- Nepal
- Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
- Prime Minister - Nagendra Prasad Rijal, Prime Minister of Nepal (1973–1975)
- Oman
- Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
- Pakistan
- President - Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, President of Pakistan (1973–1978)
- Prime Minister - Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1973–1977)
- Philippines
- President - Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (1965–1986)
- Portuguese Timor (overseas province of Portugal)
- Governor -
- Fernando Alves Adeía, Governor of Portuguese Timor (1972–1974)
- Mário Lemos Pires, Governor of Portuguese Timor (1974–1975)
- Governor -
- Qatar
- Monarch - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995)[13]
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia (1964–1975)
- Prime Minister - Faisal, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1962–1975)
- Singapore
- President - Benjamin Sheares, President of Singapore (1971–1981)
- Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959–1990)[14]
- Sri Lanka
- President - William Gopallawa, President of Sri Lanka (1962–1978)[15]
- Prime Minister - Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1970–1977)
- Syria
- President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971–2000)
- Prime Minister - Mahmoud al-Ayyubi, Prime Minister of Syria (1972–1976)
- Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President - Chiang Kai-shek, President of Taiwan (1950–1975)
- Premier - Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1972–1978)
- Thailand
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister - Sanya Dharmasakti, Prime Minister of Thailand (1973–1975)
- Turkey
- President - Fahri Korutürk, President of Turkey (1973–1980)
- Prime Minister -
- Naim Talu, Prime Minister of Turkey (1973–1974)
- Bülent Ecevit, Prime Minister of Turkey (1974)
- Sadi Irmak, Prime Minister of Turkey (1974–1975)
- United Arab Emirates
- President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971–2004)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1971–1979)
- North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
- Communist Party Leader - Lê Duẩn, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1960–1986)
- President - Tôn Đức Thắng, President of North Vietnam (1969–1980)[16]
- Premier - Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1955–1987)[17]
- South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam)
- President - Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, President of South Vietnam (1965–1975)
- Prime Minister - Trần Thiện Khiêm, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1969–1975)
- North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic)
- President -
- Abdul Rahman al-Iryani, President of North Yemen (1967–1974)
- Ibrahim al-Hamdi, President of North Yemen (1974–1977)
- Prime Minister -
- Kadhi Abdullah al-Hagri, Prime Minister of North Yemen (1972–1974)
- Hassan Muhammad Makki, Prime Minister of North Yemen (1974)
- Mohsin Ahmad al-Aini, Prime Minister of North Yemen (1974–1975)
- President -
- South Yemen (People's Democratic Republic of Yemen)
- Head of State - Salim Rubai Ali, Chairman of the Presidential Council of South Yemen (1969–1978)
- Prime Minister - Ali Nasir Muhammad, Prime Minister of South Yemen (1971–1985)
Europe
- Albania
- Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
- Head of State - Haxhi Lleshi, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1953–1982)
- Premier - Mehmet Shehu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1954–1981)
- Andorra
- Monarchs -
- French Co-Prince -
- Georges Pompidou, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1969–1974)
- Alain Poher, Acting French Co-Prince of Andorra (1974)
- Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1974–1981)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Claude-François Rostain (1972–1977)
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Francesc Badia i Batalla (1972–1993)
- French Co-Prince -
- First Syndic - Julià Reig Ribó, First Syndic of Andorra (1972–1978)
- Monarchs -
- Austria
- President -
- Franz Jonas, Federal President of Austria (1965–1974)
- Bruno Kreisky, Acting Federal President of Austria (1974)
- Rudolf Kirchschläger, Federal President of Austria (1974–1986)
- Chancellor - Bruno Kreisky, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1970–1983)
- President -
- Belgium
- Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Edmond Leburton, Prime Minister of Belgium (1973–1974)
- Leo Tindemans, Prime Minister of Belgium (1974–1978)
- Bulgaria
- Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
- Head of State - Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the Council of State of Bulgaria (1971–1989)
- Premier - Stanko Todorov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1971–1981)
- Cyprus
- President -
- Archbishop Makarios III, President of Cyprus (1960–1974)
- Nikos Sampson, President of Cyprus (1974)
- Archbishop Makarios III, President of Cyprus (1974–1977)
- President -
- Czechoslovakia
- Communist Party Leader - Gustáv Husák, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1969–1987)
- President - Ludvík Svoboda, President of Czechoslovakia (1968–1975)
- Prime Minister - Lubomír Štrougal, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1970–1988)
- Denmark
- Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
- Prime Minister - Poul Hartling, Prime Minister of Denmark (1973–1975)
- Finland
- President - Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (1956–1981)
- Prime Minister - Kalevi Sorsa, Prime Minister of Finland (1972–1975)
- France
- President -
- Georges Pompidou, President of France (1969–1974)
- Alain Poher, Acting President of France (1974)
- Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, President of France (1974–1981)
- Prime Minister -
- Pierre Messmer, Prime Minister of France (1973–1974)
- Jacques Chirac, Prime Minister of France (1974–1976)
- President -
- East Germany (German Democratic Republic)
- Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker, First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971–1989)
- Head of State - Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1973–1976)
- Premier - Horst Sindermann, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1973–1976)
- West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
- President -
- Gustav Heinemann, Federal President of West Germany (1969–1974)
- Walter Scheel, Federal President of West Germany (1974–1979)
- Chancellor -
- Willy Brandt, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1969–1974)
- Walter Scheel, Acting Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1974)
- Helmut Schmidt, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1974–1982)
- West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
- Governing Mayor - Klaus Schütz, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1967–1977)
- President -
- Greece
- President -
- Phaedon Gizikis, President of Greece (1973–1974)
- Michail Stasinopoulos, President of Greece (1974–1975)
- Prime Minister -
- Adamantios Androutsopoulos, Prime Minister of Greece (1973–1974)
- Konstantinos Karamanlis, Prime Minister of Greece (1974–1980)
- President -
- Hungary
- Communist Party Leader - János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956–1988)
- Head of State - Pál Losonczi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1967–1987)
- Premier - Jenő Fock, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1967–1975)
- Iceland
- President - Kristján Eldjárn, President of Iceland (1968–1980)
- Prime Minister -
- Ólafur Jóhannesson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1971–1974)
- Geir Hallgrímsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1974–1978)
- Ireland -
- President -
- Erskine Hamilton Childers, President of Ireland (1973–1974)
- Presidential Commission, Acting President of Ireland (1974)
- Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh, President of Ireland (1974–1976)
- Prime Minister - Liam Cosgrave, Taoiseach of Ireland (1973–1977)
- President -
- Italy
- President - Giovanni Leone, President of Italy (1971–1978)
- Prime Minister -
- Mariano Rumor, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1973–1974)
- Aldo Moro, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1974–1976)
- Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister -
- Alfred Hilbe, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1970–1974)
- Walter Kieber, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1974–1978)
- Luxembourg
- Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Pierre Werner, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1954–1974)
- Gaston Thorn, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1974–1979)
- Malta
- the State of Malta was superseded by the Republic of Malta on 13 December 1974
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Malta (1964–1974)
- Governor-General - Sir Anthony Mamo, Governor-General of Malta (1971–1974)
- President - Sir Anthony Mamo, President of Malta (1974–1976)
- Prime Minister - Dom Mintoff, Prime Minister of Malta (1971–1984)
- Monaco
- Monarch - Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government - André Saint-Mleux, Minister of State of Monaco (1972–1981)
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch - Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
- Prime Minister - Joop den Uyl, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1973–1977)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
- see under North America
- Suriname (constituent country)
- see under South America
- Norway
- Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
- Prime Minister - Trygve Bratteli, Prime Minister of Norway (1973–1976)
- Poland
- Communist Party Leader - Edward Gierek, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1970–1980)
- Head of State - Henryk Jabłoński, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1972–1985)
- Premier - Piotr Jaroszewicz, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1970–1980)
- Portugal
- President -
- Américo Tomás, President of Portugal (1958–1974)
- National Salvation Junta, Head of State of Portugal (1974)
- António de Spínola, President of Portugal (1974)
- Francisco da Costa Gomes, President of Portugal (1974–1976)
- Head of Government -
- President -
- Romania
- Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceauşescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965–1989)
- President - Nicolae Ceauşescu, President of Romania (1967–1989)
- Premier -
- San Marino
- Captains Regent
- Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari and Giovan Luigi Franciosi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1973–1974)
- Ferruccio Piva and Giordano Bruno Reffi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1974)
- Francesco Valli and Enrico Andreoli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1974–1975)
- Captains Regent
- Soviet Union
- Communist Party leader - Leonid Brezhnev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1964–1982)
- Head of State - Nikolai Podgorny, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1965–1977)
- Premier - Alexei Kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1964–1980)
- Spain
- Head of State -
- Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
- Prince Juan Carlos, Acting Head of State of Spain (1974)
- Prime Minister - Carlos Arias Navarro, President of the Government of Spain (1973–1976)
- Head of State -
- Sweden
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustav, King of Sweden (1973–present)
- Prime Minister - Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (1969–1976)
- Switzerland
- Federal Council:[18]
- Rudolf Gnägi (1965–1979), Ernst Brugger (1969–1978, President), Pierre Graber (1970–1978), Kurt Furgler (1971–1986), Willy Ritschard (1973–1983), Hans Hürlimann (1973–1982), Georges-André Chevallaz (1973–1983)
- Federal Council:[18]
- United Kingdom
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Edward Heath, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1970–1974)
- Harold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1974–1976)
- Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor -
- Sir Charles Mills, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1969–1974)
- Sir John Martin, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1974–1980)
- Bailiff - Sir John Loveridge, Bailiff of Guernsey (1973–1982)
- Lieutenant-Governor -
- Jersey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor -
- Sir John Davis, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1969–1974)
- Sir Desmond Fitzpatrick, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1974–1979)
- Bailiff - Sir Robert Le Masurier, Bailiff of Jersey (1962–1974)
- Lieutenant-Governor -
- Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant Governor -
- Sir Peter Stallard, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (1966–1974)
- Sir John Warburton Paul, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (1974–1980)
- Head of Government - Percy Radcliffe, Chairman of the Executive Council of the Isle of Man (1971–1977)
- Lieutenant Governor -
- Gibraltar (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir John Grandy, Governor of Gibraltar (1973–1978)
- Chief Minister - Sir Joshua Hassan, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1972–1987)
- Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope Paul VI, Sovereign of Vatican City (1963–1978)
- President of the Governorate - Cardinal Jean-Marie Villot, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1969–1979)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
- Secretary of State - Cardinal Jean-Marie Villot, Cardinal Secretary of State (1969–1979)
- Yugoslavia
- Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1936–1980)
- President - Josip Broz Tito, President for Life of Yugoslavia (1953–1980)
- Premier - Džemal Bijedić, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1971–1977)
North America
- Antigua (British associated state)
- Governor - Sir Wilfred Jacobs, Governor of Antigua (1967–1993)
- Premier - George Walter, Premier of Antigua (1971–1976)
- The Bahamas
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Milo Butler, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1973–1979)
- Prime Minister - Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967–1992)[19]
- Barbados
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Arleigh Winston Scott, Governor-General of Barbados (1967–1976)
- Prime Minister - Errol Barrow, Prime Minister of Barbados (1961–1976)[20]
- Belize (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir Richard Posnett, Governor of Belize (1972–1976)
- Premier - George Cadle Price, Premier of Belize (1961–1984)
- Bermuda (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir Edwin Leather, Governor of Bermuda (1973–1977)
- Premier - Sir Edward Richards, Premier of Bermuda (1971–1975)
- British Virgin Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor -
- Derek George Cudmore, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1971–1974)
- Walter Wilkinson Wallace, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1974–1978)
- Chief Minister - Willard Wheatley, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1971–1979)
- Governor -
- Canada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor General -
- Roland Michener, Governor General of Canada (1967–1974)
- Jules Léger, Governor General of Canada (1974–1979)
- Prime Minister - Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada (1968–1979)
- Cayman Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor -
- Kenneth Roy Crook, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1971–1974)
- Thomas Russell, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1974–1982)
- Governor -
- Costa Rica
- President -
- José Figueres Ferrer, President of Costa Rica (1970–1974)
- Daniel Oduber Quirós, President of Costa Rica (1974–1978)
- President -
- Cuba
- Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President - Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, President of Cuba (1959–1976)
- Prime Minister - Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba (1959–2008)[21]
- Dominica (British associated state)
- Governor - Sir Louis Cools-Lartigue, Governor of Dominica (1968–1979)
- Premier -
- Edward Oliver LeBlanc, Premier of Dominica (1969–1974)
- Patrick John, Premier of Dominica (1974–1979)
- Dominican Republic
- President - Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1966–1978)
- El Salvador
- President - Arturo Armando Molina, President of El Salvador (1972–1977)
- Grenada
- gained independence on 4 February 1974
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
- Governor-General -
- Dame Hilda Bynoe, Governor of Grenada (1968–1974)
- Sir Leo de Gale, Acting Governor of Grenada (1974), Governor-General of Grenada (1974–1978)
- Prime Minister - Eric Gairy, Prime Minister of Grenada (1967–1979)
- Guatemala
- President -
- Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio, President of Guatemala (1970–1974)
- Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García, President of Guatemala (1974–1978)
- President -
- Haiti
- President - Jean-Claude Duvalier, President for Life of Haiti (1971–1986)
- Honduras
- Head of State - Oswaldo López Arellano, Head of State of Honduras (1972–1975)
- Jamaica
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General - Florizel Glasspole, Governor-General of Jamaica (1973–1991)
- Prime Minister - Michael Manley, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1972–1980)
- Mexico
- President - Luis Echeverría, President of Mexico (1970–1976)
- Montserrat (British crown colony)
- Governor -
- Willoughby Harry Thompson, Governor of Montserrat (1971–1974)
- Norman Derek Matthews, Governor of Montserrat (1974–1976)
- Chief Minister - Percival Austin Bramble, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1970–1978)
- Governor -
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Bernadito M. Leito, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1970–1983)
- Prime Minister - Juancho Evertsz, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1973–1977)
- Nicaragua
- Head of State -
- National Government Junta, Head of State of Nicaragua (1972–1974)
- Anastasio Somoza Debayle, President of Nicaragua (1974–1979)
- Head of State -
- Panama
- De facto leader - Omar Torrijos, Commandant of the National Guard of Panama (1968–1981)
- President - Demetrio B. Lakas, President of Panama (1969–1978)
- Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (British associated state)
- Governor - Sir Milton Allan, Governor of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1969–1975)
- Premier - Robert Bradshaw, Premier of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1966–1978)
- Saint Lucia (British associated state)
- Governor -
- Sir Ira Marcus Simmons, Governor of Saint Lucia (1971–1974)
- Sir Allen Montgomery Lewis, Governor of Saint Lucia (1974–1980)
- Premier - John Compton, Premier of Saint Lucia (1964–1979)
- Governor -
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect -
- Henri Beaux, Governor of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1971–1974)
- Jean Cluchard, Governor of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1974–1975)
- President of the General Council - Albert Pen, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1968–1984)
- Prefect -
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (British associated state)
- Governor - Sir Rupert John, Governor of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1970–1976)
- Premier -
- James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Premier of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1972–1974)
- Milton Cato, Premier of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1974–1984)
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Trinidad and Tobago (1962–1976)
- Governor-General - Sir Ellis Clarke, Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago (1972–1987)[22]
- Prime Minister - Eric Williams, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1956–1981)[23]
- Turks and Caicos Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor - Alexander Graham Mitchell, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1971–1975)
- United States of America
- President -
- Richard Nixon, President of the United States (1969–1974)
- Gerald Ford, President of the United States (1974–1977)
- Panama Canal Zone (unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor - David Stuart Parker, Governor of the Panama Canal Zone (1971–1975)
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor - Rafael Hernández Colón, Governor of Puerto Rico (1973–1977)
- United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Melvin H. Evans, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1969–1975)
- President -
Oceania
- American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor -
- John Morse Haydon, Governor of American Samoa (1969–1974)
- Frank Mockler, Acting Governor of American Samoa (1974–1975)
- Governor -
- Australia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General -
- Sir Paul Hasluck, Governor-General of Australia (1969–1974)
- Sir John Kerr, Governor-General of Australia (1974–1977)
- Prime Minister - Gough Whitlam, Prime Minister of Australia (1972–1975)
- Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator -
- F.S. Evatt, Administrator of Christmas Island (1973–1974)
- Harry Webb, Administrator of Christmas Island (1974–1975)
- Administrator -
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
- Governor - John Cecil Clunies-Ross, Governor of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1944–1978)
- Official representative - C. McManus, Official representative of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1972–1975)
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator - Edward Thomas Pickerd, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1972–1975)
- Head of Government -
- William M. Randall, President of the Island Council of Norfolk Island (1967–1974)
- Richard Albert Bataille, President of the Island Council of Norfolk Island (1974–1976)
- Papua and New Guinea (UN Trust Territory administered by Australia)
- High Commissioner -
- Chief Minister - Michael Somare, Chief Minister of Papua and New Guinea (1972–1980)
- British Solomon Islands Protectorate (British protectorate)
- Governor - Donald Luddington, Governor of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate (1973–1976)
- Chief Minister - Solomon Mamaloni, Chief Minister of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate (1974–1976)
- Fiji
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Fiji (1970–1987)
- Governor-General - Ratu Sir George Cakobau, Governor-General of Fiji (1973–1983)
- Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji (1967–1987)[24]
- French Polynesia (French overseas territory)
- Governor - Daniel Videau, Governor of French Polynesia (1973–1975)
- Gilbert and Ellice Islands (British protectorate)
- Governor - John Hilary Smith, Governor of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1973–1978)
- Head of Government -
- Reuben Uatioa, Leader of government business of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1971–1974)
- Naboua Ratieta, Chief Minister of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1974–1978)
- Guam (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Carlos Camacho, Governor of Guam (1969–1975)
- Nauru
- President - Hammer DeRoburt, President of Nauru (1968–1976)
- New Caledonia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Gabriel Ériau, Governor of New Caledonia (1974–1978)
- New Hebrides (British-French condominium)
- British Resident Commissioner - Roger du Boulay (1973–1975)
- French Resident Commissioner[25] -
- Robert Jules Amédée Langlois (1969–1974)
- Robert Gauger (1974–1978)
- Tanna (unrecognized secessionist state)
- independence declared on 24 March 1974, extinguished on 29 June 1974
- Monarch - Antoine Fornelli, King of Tanna (1974)
- New Zealand
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Denis Blundell, Governor-General of New Zealand (1972–1977)
- Prime Minister -
- Norman Kirk, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1972–1974)
- Bill Rowling, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1974–1975)
- Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
- Prime Minister - Albert Henry, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1965–1978)
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand from 19 October 1974, until then dependent territory)
- Commissioner - C.A. Roberts, Resident Commissioner in Niue (1973–1974)
- Premier - Robert Rex, Premier of Niue (1974–1992)
- Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator - William Gray Thorp, Administrator of Tokelau (1973–1975)
- Pitcairn Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir David Aubrey Scott, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1973–1975)
- Magistrate - Pervis Ferris Young, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1967–1975)
- Tonga
- Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)[26]
- Prime Minister - Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake, Prime Minister of Tonga (1965–1991)[26]
- Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (UN Trust Territory administered by the United States)
- High Commissioner - Edward E. Johnston, High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1969–1976)
- Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)
- Administrator-Superior - Jacques de Agostini, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (1972–1974)
- President of the Territorial Assembly - Mikaele Folaumahina, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1972–1975)
- Western Samoa
- Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister - Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu’u II, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1973–1975)
South America
- Argentina
- President -
- Juan Perón, President of Argentina (1973–1974)
- Isabel Martínez de Perón, President of Argentina (1974–1976)
- President -
- Bolivia
- President - Hugo Banzer, President of Bolivia (1971–1978)
- Brazil
- President -
- Emílio Garrastazú Médici, President of Brazil (1969–1974)
- Ernesto Geisel, President of Brazil (1974–1979)
- President -
- Chile
- Head of State -
- Government Junta, Head of State of Chile (1973–1974)
- Augusto Pinochet, Supreme Head of the Nation of Chile (1974–1990)
- Head of State -
- Colombia
- President -
- Misael Pastrana Borrero, President of Colombia (1970–1974)
- Alfonso López Michelsen, President of Colombia (1974–1978)
- President -
- Ecuador
- President - Guillermo Rodríguez, President of Ecuador (1972–1976)
- Falkland Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir Ernest Gordon Lewis, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1971–1975)
- Guyana
- President - Arthur Chung, President of Guyana (1970–1980)
- Prime Minister - Forbes Burnham, Prime Minister of Guyana (1964–1980)[27]
- Paraguay
- President - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)
- Peru
- Head of State - Juan Velasco Alvarado, President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru (1968–1975)
- Prime Minister - Edgardo Mercado Jarrín, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1973–1975)
- Suriname (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor-General - Johan Ferrier, Governor-General of Suriname (1968–1980)[28]
- Prime Minister - Henck Arron, Prime Minister of Suriname (1973–1980)[29]
- Uruguay
- President - Juan María Bordaberry, President of Uruguay (1972–1976)
- Venezuela
- President -
- Rafael Caldera, President of Venezuela (1969–1974)
- Carlos Andrés Pérez, President of Venezuela (1974–1979)
- President -
References
- Titled Emperor Bokassa I after 1976.
- Chad only became independent in 1960.
- In exile between 1936 and 1941.
- Lesotho only became independent in 1966.
- Mauritius only became independent in 1968.
- Titled 'Officer Administering the Government' between 1965 and 1970.
- Swaziland only became independent in 1968, until when Sobhuza II was titled Paramount Chief of Swaziland.
- Swaziland only became independent in 1968.
- Julius Nyerere was President of Tanganyika from 1962 to 1964.
- Name changed from Étienne Eyadéma to Gnassingbé Eyadéma on 8 May 1974.
- Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
- Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- Qatar only became independent in 1971.
- Singapore only became independent in 1965.
- William Gopallawa was titled Governor-General of Ceylon between 1962 and 1972 under the monarchy.
- President of the unified Vietnam from 1976 to 1980.
- Prime minister of the unified Vietnam from 1976 to 1987.
- The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- The Bahamas only became independent in 1973.
- Barbados only became independent in 1966.
- The position Prime Minister of Cuba was abolished on 2 December 1976, but President of the Council of Ministers was created and it continued to be held by Fidel Castro.
- Sir Ellis Clarke was titled President of Trinidad and Tobago between 1976 and 1987 after the abolishing of the monarchy.
- Trinidad and Tobago only became independent in 1962.
- Fiji only became independent in 1970, until when Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara was titled Chief Minister of Fiji.
- Subordinated to the Governor of New Caledonia.
- Tonga only became independent in 1970.
- Guyana only became independent in 1966.
- Titled President of Suriname after independence in 1975.
- Suriname became independent in 1975.
External links
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