2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania

The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania were held on November 8, 2016, to elect the 18 U.S. Representatives from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, one from each of the state's 18 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on April 26.

Not to be confused with 2016 Pennsylvania House of Representatives election.

2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
November 8, 2016 (2016-11-08)
All 18 Pennsylvania seats to the United States House of Representatives
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Republican Democratic
Last election 13 5
Seats won 13 5
Seat change
Popular vote 3,096,576 2,625,157
Percentage 53.91% 45.70%
Swing 1.63 1.24
Results by congressional district
Elections in Pennsylvania
Federal government
U.S. President
U.S. Senate
Class One
Class Three
U.S. House of Representatives
State government
Governor
Lieutenant Governor
Attorney General
Auditor General
State Treasurer
State Senate
State House Elections
Elections by year
State elections
Philadelphia
Mayoral elections
City Council elections
Other municipal elections
Pittsburgh
Mayors
Lancaster
Mayors
Allentown
Mayors
Harrisburg
Mayors

Overview
Popular vote
Republican
 
 53.91%
Democratic
 
 45.70%
Other
 
 0.4%
House seats
Republican
 
 72.22%
Democratic
 
 27.77%

District 1
See also: Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district

The 1st district included central and South Philadelphia, the City of Chester, the Philadelphia International Airport and other small sections of Delaware County.

Democratic primary

The incumbent was Democrat Bob Brady, who had represented the district since 1998. He was re-elected with 83% of the vote in 2014 and the district had a PVI of D+28.

Brady was unopposed for the Democratic nomination. Bryan Leib had filed with the FEC and announced his intention to challenge Brady for the Democratic nomination in July 2015, but did not file to run.[1][2]

Primary results
Democratic primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bob Brady (incumbent) 108,233 100.0
Total votes 108,233 100.0

Republican primary

Debbie Williams ran unopposed for the Republican nomination.[4]

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Debbie Williams 19,042 100.0
Total votes 19,042 100.0

Results
Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bob Brady (incumbent) 245,791 82.2
Republican Debbie Williams 53,219 17.8
Total votes 299,010 100.0
Democratic hold

District 2
See also: Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district

The 2nd district includes parts of West Philadelphia, North Philadelphia and Northwest Philadelphia in addition to Lower Merion Township in Montgomery County.

Special election

On June 23, 2016, two days after being convicted of 22 corruption charges, Democratic incumbent Chaka Fattah, who had represented the district since 1995, resigned his seat in Congress. On July 1, 2016, Governor Tom Wolf announced that a special election would be held on November 8, concurrently with the regularly-scheduled election, to fill Fattah's seat for the final eight weeks of the 114th United States Congress.[6]

Candidates
Democrats
Republicans
  • James Jones, human-resources consulting firm owner[6][7]
Independents

Results
Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district, 2016 (special)[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Dwight E. Evans 280,439 90.4
Republican James Jones 29,661 9.6
Total votes 310,100 100.0
Democratic hold

Democratic primary

Fattah was re-elected with 88% of the vote in 2014 and the district has a PVI of D+38.

Fattah was defeated in the Democratic primary by state Representative Dwight E. Evans.

Candidates
Declared
Withdrawn

Primary results
Democratic primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Dwight E. Evans 75,515 42.3
Democratic Chaka Fattah (incumbent) 61,518 34.4
Democratic Brian Gordon 23,655 13.2
Democratic Dan Muroff 18,016 10.1
Total votes 178,704 100.0

Republican primary

James Jones ran unopposed for the Republican nomination.

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican James Jones 11,838 100.0
Total votes 11,838 100.0

Results
Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Dwight E. Evans 322,514 90.2
Republican James Jones 35,131 9.8
Total votes 357,645 100.0
Democratic hold

District 3
See also: Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district

The 3rd district was in Northwestern Pennsylvania and included the cities of Erie, Sharon, Hermitage, Butler and Meadville.

Republican primary

The incumbent was Republican Mike Kelly, who had represented the district since 2011. He was re-elected with 61% of the vote in 2014 and the district had a PVI of R+8.

Kelly ran unopposed for the Republican nomination.

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Kelly (incumbent) 88,964 100.0
Total votes 88,964 100.0

Results
Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Kelly (incumbent) 244,893 100.0
Total votes 244,893 100.0
Republican hold

District 4
See also: Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district

The 4th district is in South Central Pennsylvania and includes all of Adams and York counties and parts of Cumberland County.

Democratic primary

Josh Burkholder is running for the Democratic nomination.[4]

Republican primary

The incumbent is Republican Scott Perry, who has represented the district since 2013. He was elected with 75% of the vote in 2014 and the district has a PVI of R+9.

Perry is running unopposed for the Republican nomination.

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Scott Perry (incumbent) 100,552 100.0
Total votes 100,552 100.0

Results
Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Scott Perry (incumbent) 220,628 66.1
Democratic Josh Burkholder 113,372 33.9
Total votes 334,000 100.0
Republican hold

District 5
See also: Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district

The 5th district, the state's largest and most sparsely populated, was in North Central Pennsylvania and included all of Cameron, Centre, Clarion, Clinton, Elk, Forest, Huntingdon, Jefferson, McKean and Potter counties and parts of Clearfield, Crawford, Erie, Tioga, Warren and Venango counties.

Democratic primary

Attorney Kerith Strano Taylor, who was the Democratic nominee in 2014, ran again.[14]

Primary results
Democratic primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Kerith Strano Taylor 56,696 100.0
Total votes 56,696 100.0

Republican primary

The incumbent was Republican Glenn Thompson, who had represented the district since 2009. He was re-elected with 64% of the vote in 2014 and the district had a PVI of R+8.

Thompson ran for re-election.[15]

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Glenn Thompson (incumbent) 89,000 100.0
Total votes 89,000 100.0

Results
Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Glenn Thompson (incumbent) 206,761 67.2
Democratic Kerith Strano Taylor 101,082 32.8
Total votes 307,843 100.0
Republican hold

District 6
See also: Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district

The 6th district included communities north and west of the City of Philadelphia.

Democratic primary

Candidates

  • Mike Parrish, businessman and retired US Army colonel[16]

Withdrawn

Endorsements
Lindy Li
Elected officials
Other individuals
Organizations
Mike Parrish
Elected officials
Other Individuals
Organizations

Primary results
Democratic primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Mike Parrish 62,732 100.0
Total votes 62,732 100.0

Republican primary

The incumbent was Republican Ryan Costello, who had represented the district since 2015. He was elected with 56% of the vote in 2014, succeeding retiring Republican Jim Gerlach, and the district had a PVI of R+2.

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Ryan Costello (incumbent) 88,349 100.0
Total votes 88,349 100.0

Results
Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Ryan Costello (incumbent) 207,469 57.2
Democratic Mike Parrish 155,000 42.8
Total votes 362,469 100.0
Republican hold

District 7
See also: Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district

The 7th district was in the Philadelphia suburbs, including most of Delaware County along with portions of Chester, Montgomery, Berks and Lancaster counties.

Candidates
Declared
Withdrawn
  • Lindy Li, financial analyst (running for PA-06)
  • Dave Naples, database administrator, 2007 candidate for Skippack Township Board of Supervisors and 2014 write-in candidate for governor (running for state house)[30][31]
Endorsements
Mary Ellen Balchunis
Organizations

Primary results
Democratic primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Mary Ellen Balchunis 52,792 74.0
Democratic Bill Golderer 18,509 26.0
Total votes 71,301 100.0

Republican primary

The incumbent was Republican Pat Meehan, who had represented the district since 2011. He was re-elected with 62% of the vote in 2014 and the district had a PVI of R+2.

Stan Casacio, a businessman and former Cheltenham Town Councilman, challenged Meehan for the Republican nomination.[32]

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Pat Meehan (incumbent) 86,178 76.4
Republican Stan Casacio 26,674 23.6
Total votes 112,852 100.0

Results
Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Pat Meehan (incumbent) 225,678 59.5
Democratic Mary Ellen Balchunis 153,824 40.5
Total votes 379,502 100.0
Republican hold

District 8
See also: Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district

The 8th district was in Southeastern Pennsylvania and included Bucks County, along with portions of Montgomery County.

Democratic primary

State Representative Steve Santarsiero sought the Democratic nomination for the seat.[33] Other potential Democratic candidates included former U.S. Representative Patrick Murphy, Bucks County Commissioner Diane Marseglia, businesswoman and 2014 candidate Shaughnessy Naughton, and United States Army Ranger and 2014 nominee Kevin Strouse.[34][35][36][37]

Candidates
Declared
Declined
Endorsements
Shaughnessy Naughton
Individuals
Organizations
Steve Santarsiero
Individuals
Organizations
  • Bristol Township Democratic Committee[40]
  • International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local 269[46]
  • International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local 98[46]
  • Laborers’ District Council of the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area[46]
  • Laborers’ Union, Local 57[46]
  • Montgomery County Democratic Committee[27]
  • Pennsylvania Association of Nurses And Practitioners (PASNAP)[46]
  • Plumbers Union Local 690[46]
  • Sheet Metal Workers, Local 19[46]
  • Solebury Democrats[45]
  • Union of Food and Commercial Workers Local 1776[45]
  • Union of Roofers, Waterproofers, and Allied Workers, Local 30[46]

Primary results
Democratic primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Steve Santarsiero 50,416 59.82
Democratic Shaughnessy Naughton 33,864 40.18
Total votes 84,280 100

Republican primary

The incumbent was Republican Mike Fitzpatrick, who had represented the district since 2011, and previously represented it from 2005 to 2007. He was re-elected with 62% of the vote in 2014 and the district had a PVI of R+1.

Fitzpatrick, a supporter of term limits,[47][48] had pledged to limit himself to four terms in the House and did not run for re-election.[49] Dr. Marc Duome, a clinical psychologist and businessman declared his candidacy for the seat. Potential Republican candidates included State Senator Chuck McIlhinney, State Representatives Gene DiGirolamo and Scott Petri and Bucks County Commissioner Rob Loughery.[34][50][51] Former Lieutenant Governor Jim Cawley had been speculated to run,[34] but he instead became president and CEO of the United Way of Greater Philadelphia and Southern New Jersey.[52]

Candidates
Declared
  • Marc Duome, psychologist and businessman[53]
  • Brian Fitzpatrick, retired FBI agent and brother of Congressman Mike Fitzpatrick[54]
  • Andy Warren, former Bucks County Commissioner[55]
Withdrawn
Declined

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Brian Fitzpatrick 74,150 78.4
Republican Andy Warren 11,828 12.5
Republican Marc Duome 8,641 9.1
Total votes 94,619 100.0

Polling
Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Brian
Fitzpatrick (R)		 Steve
Santarsiero (D)		 Undecided
Communication Concepts September 6–7, 2016 416 ± 5% 50% 38% 12%

Results
Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Brian Fitzpatrick 207,263 54.4
Democratic Steve Santarsiero 173,555 45.6
Total votes 380,818 100.0
Republican hold

District 9
See also: Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district

The 9th district was in South Central Pennsylvania and included Cambria, Blair, Huntingdon, Franklin, Fulton, Bedford, Somerset, Fayette, Greene and Washington counties.

Republican primary

The incumbent was Republican Bill Shuster, who had represented the district since 2001. He was re-elected with 64% of the vote in 2014 and the district had a PVI of R+14.

Shuster, the chairman of the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, was challenged in the 2014 Republican primary by two candidates, Art Halvorson and Travis Schooley, unhappy with his support for earmarks that bring projects to the district.[65][66] Halvorson and Schooley both were considering running again.[67]

On April 24, 2015, The Hill reported that businessman Tom Smith, who self-funded a 2012 U.S. Senate campaign, was considering a primary challenge of Shuster.[68] Halvorson had pledged that he would not run if Smith did and would support him.[68] In July, Smith announced he would not run, citing unexpected health concerns.[69] After Smith declined to run, Halvorson announced he would run again.[70] On October 17, 2015, Smith died.[71]

Endorsements
Bill Shuster
Individuals

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bill Shuster (incumbent) 49,393 50.6
Republican Arthur L Halvorson 48,166 49.4
Total votes 97,559 100.0

Democratic primary

While no Democrat appeared on the ballot, Arthur Halvorson, who lost in the Republican primary, received enough Democratic write-in votes to be the Democratic nominee; Halvorson vowed to caucus as a conservative Republican if elected.[73]

Results
Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bill Shuster (incumbent) 186,580 63.3
Democratic Arthur L Halvorson 107,985 36.7
Total votes 294,565 100.0
Republican hold

District 10
See also: Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district

The 10th district was in Northeastern Pennsylvania and included Monroe, Pike, Lackawanna, Wayne, Susquehanna, Bradford, Tioga, Sullivan, Lycoming, Union, Columbia, Snyder, Mifflin, Juniata and Perry counties.

Democratic primary

After no candidate stepped forward initially to run for the seat, three write in candidates announced to vie for the Democratic nomination. Former Lewisburg Mayor and environmental consultant, Mike Molesevich, Bucknell graduate student, Steve Belskie, and Justin Sheare all sought the Democratic nomination.[74][75]

Republican primary

The incumbent was Republican Tom Marino, who had represented the district since 2011. He was re-elected with 63% of the vote in 2014.

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Tom Marino (incumbent) 95,321 100.0
Total votes 95,321 100.0

Jerry Kaines, a Lycoming County building materials salesman, had formed an exploratory committee for a potential Independent campaign.[76]

Results
Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Tom Marino (incumbent) 211,282 70.2
Democratic Mike Molesevich 89,823 29.8
Total votes 301,105 100.0
Republican hold

District 11
See also: Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district

The 11th district was in Northeastern Pennsylvania and included Wyoming, Luzerne, Columbia, Carbon, Northumberland, Dauphin, Perry and Cumberland counties.

Democratic primary

Former Hazleton Mayor Michael Marsicano ran as a Democrat.[77]

Primary results
Democratic primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Michael Marsicano 58,117 100.0
Total votes 58,117 100.0

Republican primary

The incumbent was Republican Lou Barletta, who had represented the district since 2011. He was re-elected with 66% of the vote in 2014 and the district had a PVI of R+6.

Barletta ran for re-election.[78]

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lou Barletta (incumbent) 92,342 100.0
Total votes 92,342 100.0

Results
Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lou Barletta (incumbent) 199,421 63.7
Democratic Michael Marsicano 113,800 36.3
Total votes 313,221 100.0
Republican hold

District 12
See also: Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district

The 12th district was in Southwestern Pennsylvania and included all of Beaver County and parts of Allegheny, Cambria, Lawrence, Somerset and Westmoreland counties.

Democratic primary

2014 Democratic nominee Erin McClelland announced that she would run again in 2016.[79] Attorney and renewable energy business owner Steve Larchuk, who ran in 2004 in the 4th district on a healthcare platform in support of Universal Healthcare for the United States, also ran for the Democratic nomination.[80]

Endorsements
Steve Larchuk
Organizations
  • Pittsburgh Regional Building and Construction Trades Council[81]
Erin McClelland
Organizations

Primary results
Democratic primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Erin Mcclelland 73,326 100.0
Total votes 73,326 100.0

Republican primary

The incumbent was Republican Keith Rothfus, who had represented the district since 2013. He was re-elected with 59% of the vote in 2014. The district had a PVI of R+9.

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Keith Rothfus (incumbent) 87,270 100.0
Total votes 87,270 100.0

Results
Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Keith Rothfus (incumbent) 221,851 61.8
Democratic Erin Mcclelland 137,353 38.2
Total votes 359,204 100.0
Republican hold

District 13
See also: Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district

The 13th district was in Southeastern Pennsylvania, covering eastern Montgomery County and Northeast Philadelphia.

Democratic primary

The incumbent was Democrat Brendan Boyle, who had represented the district since 2015. He was elected with 67% of the vote in 2014, succeeding retiring Democrat Allyson Schwartz, and the district had a PVI of D+13.

Primary results
Democratic primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Brendan Boyle (incumbent) 90,512 100.0
Total votes 90,512 100.0

Republican primary

Armond James ran unopposed for the Republican nomination.

Results
Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Brendan Boyle (incumbent) 239,316 100.0
Total votes 239,316 100.0
Democratic hold

District 14
See also: Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district

The 14th district included the entire city of Pittsburgh and parts of surrounding suburbs.

Democratic primary

The incumbent was Democrat Michael F. Doyle, who had represented the district since 2003, and previously represented the 18th district from 1995 to 2003. He was re-elected with 84% of the vote in the primary and unopposed in the general in 2014; the district had a PVI of D+15.

Doyle was challenged for the Democratic nomination by Janis Brooks, who ran against him in 2012 and 2014.

Primary results
Democratic primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Michael F. Doyle (incumbent) 103,710 76.6
Democratic Janis Brooks 31,659 23.4
Total votes 135,369 100.0

Results
Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Michael F. Doyle (incumbent) 255,293 74.4
Republican Lenny McAllister 87,999 25.6
Total votes 343,292 100.0
Democratic hold

District 15
See also: Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district

The 15th district was in Eastern Pennsylvania and included Lehigh County and parts of Berks, Dauphin, Lebanon and Northampton counties.

Democratic primary

Democratic candidates who planned to run included former Lehigh County Democratic Committee Chairman and 2012 nominee Rick Daugherty, Laura Quick, and David A. Clark.[84]

Archie Follweiler, a former Kutztown Borough councilman and state house candidate in 2006, filed paperwork with the FEC to run as a Democrat in June 2015, but had not made any announcement on whether he would run.[85]

Primary results
Democratic primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Rick Daugherty 59,475 100.0
Total votes 59,475 100.0

Republican primary

The incumbent was Republican Charlie Dent, who had represented the district since 2005. He was re-elected unopposed in 2014 and the district had a PVI of R+2.

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Charlie Dent (incumbent) 75,821 100.0
Total votes 75,821 100.0

Results
Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Charlie Dent (incumbent) 190,618 58.4
Democratic Rick Daugherty 124,129 38.0
Libertarian Paul Rizzo 11,727 3.6
Total votes 326,474 100.0
Republican hold

District 16
See also: Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district

The 16th district was in Southeastern Pennsylvania, just west of Philadelphia and included a large portion of southern Chester County, most of Lancaster County and a sliver of Berks County, including the city of Reading.

Candidates
Declared
  • Christina Hartman, former nonprofit executive[86]
  • Gary Wegman, dentist[87]
Withdrawn
  • Raj Kittappa, stem cell researcher and candidate in 2014[88][89]
Endorsements
Christina Hartman
Individuals
Organizations
Declined to endorse
Organizations

Primary results
Democratic primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Christina Hartman 51,588 100.0
Total votes 51,588 100.0

Republican primary

The incumbent was Republican Joe Pitts, who had represented the district since 1997. He was re-elected with 58% of the vote in 2014 and the district had a PVI of R+4. Pitts did not run for re-election.[92]

Candidates
Declared

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lloyd Smucker 49,716 54.1
Republican Chet Beiler 42,246 45.9
Total votes 91,641 100.0

Results
Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lloyd Smucker 168,669 53.8
Democratic Christina Hartman 134,586 42.9
Libertarian Shawn Patrick House 10,518 3.3
Total votes 313,773 100.0
Republican hold

District 17
See also: Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district

The 17th district was in Eastern Pennsylvania and included Schuylkill, Carbon, Monroe, Luzerne and Lackawanna counties.

Democratic primary

The incumbent was Democrat Matt Cartwright, who had represented the district since 2013. He was re-elected with 57% of the vote in 2014 and the district had a PVI of D+4.

Primary results
Democratic primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Matt Cartwright (incumbent) 73,648 100.0
Total votes 73,648 100.0

Republican primary

Northampton County Councilman Glenn Geissinger and 2014 candidate Matt Connolly ran for the Republican nomination.[96][97]

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Matt Connolly 34,263 62.7
Republican Glenn Geissinger 20,399 37.3
Total votes 54,662 100.0

Results
Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Matt Cartwright (incumbent) 157,734 53.8
Republican Matt Connolly 135,430 46.2
Total votes 293,164 100.0
Democratic hold

District 18
See also: Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district

The 18th district was in the southern suburbs of Pittsburgh and included parts of Allegheny, Washington, Greene and Westmoreland counties.

Republican primary

The incumbent was Republican Tim Murphy, who had represented the district since 2003. He was re-elected unopposed in 2014 and the district had a PVI of R+10.

Primary results
Republican primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Tim Murphy (incumbent) 88,266 100.0
Total votes 88,266 100.0

Results
Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district, 2016[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Tim Murphy (incumbent) 293,684 100.0
Total votes 293,684 100.0
Republican hold

References
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  3. "Official 2016 Presidential Primary Election Results". Pennsylvania Secretary of State. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
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