1906 United States House of Representatives elections

Elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1906 were held for members of the 60th Congress, in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's second term.

1906 United States House of Representatives elections

November 6, 1906[lower-alpha 1]
All 391 seats in the United States House of Representatives[lower-alpha 2] 196 seats needed for a majority
Leader Joseph Cannon John Sharp Williams Party Republican Democratic Leader's seat Illinois 18th Mississippi 8th Last election 251 seats 135 seats Seats won 223[1][2] 167[1][2] Seat change 28 32 Popular vote 5,695,735 4,866,899 Percentage 50.99% 43.57% Swing 3.59% 2.59%   Party Independent Last election 0 seats Seats won 1 [lower-alpha 3] Seat change 1 Popular vote 40,264 Percentage 0.36% Swing 0.20%
Speaker before election Joseph Cannon Republican Elected Speaker Joseph Cannon Republican

As in many midterm elections, the President's Republican Party lost seats to the opposition Democratic Party, but retained a large overall majority. Dissatisfaction with working conditions and resentment toward union busting among industrial laborers in the Mid-Atlantic and Midwest caused these groups to turn out to the polls in large numbers in support of the Democratic Party. However, gains in these regions were not enough to remove the Republican majority or the firm support that the party held among the middle class.

Special elections

District	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	First elected
Alaska Territory at-large	None			New seat. New delegate elected August 14, 1906 to finish the current term. Democratic gain. Successor would not run for election to the next term, see below.	Frank Hinman Waskey (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]
California 1	James Gillett	Republican	[data unknown/missing]	Incumbent resigned. New member elected November 6, 1906. Republican hold.	William F. Englebright (Republican) [data unknown/missing]
Georgia 1	Rufus E. Lester	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]	Incumbent died. New member elected November 6, 1906. Democratic hold.	James W. Overstreet (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]
Illinois 13	Robert R. Hitt	Republican	[data unknown/missing]	Incumbent died September 20, 1906. New member elected November 6, 1906. Republican hold.	Frank O. Lowden (Republican) [data unknown/missing]
Indiana 12	Newton W. Gilbert	Republican	[data unknown/missing]	Incumbent resigned November 6, 1906, after being appointed judge of the court of first instance at Manila, Philippines. New member elected November 6, 1906. Republican hold.	Clarence C. Gilhams (Republican) [data unknown/missing]
New York 8	Timothy Sullivan	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]	Incumbent resigned July 27, 1906. New member elected November 6, 1906. Republican hold.	Daniel J. Riordan (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]
Pennsylvania 2	Robert Adams Jr.	Republican	[data unknown/missing]	Incumbent died June 1, 1906. New member elected November 6, 1906. Republican hold.	John E. Reyburn (Republican) [data unknown/missing]
Pennsylvania 3	George A. Castor	Republican	[data unknown/missing]	Incumbent died February 19, 1906. New member elected November 6, 1906. Republican hold.	J. Hampton Moore (Republican) [data unknown/missing]
Pennsylvania 12	George R. Patterson	Republican	[data unknown/missing]	Incumbent died March 21, 1906. New member elected November 6, 1906. Republican hold.	Charles N. Brumm (Republican) [data unknown/missing]
Virginia 5	Claude A. Swanson	Democratic	[data unknown/missing]	Incumbent resigned January 30, 1906, after being elected Governor of Virginia. New member elected November 6, 1906. Democratic hold.	Edward W. Saunders (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]
Wisconsin 2	Henry C. Adams	Republican	[data unknown/missing]	Incumbent died July 9, 1906. New member elected September 4, 1906. Republican hold.	John M. Nelson (Republican) [data unknown/missing]
Massachusetts 3	Rockwood Hoar	Republican	[data unknown/missing]	Incumbent died November 1, 1906. New member elected December 18, 1906. Republican hold.	Charles G. Washburn (Republican) [data unknown/missing]

Election summaries

↓

167	1	223
Democratic	[lower-alpha 4]	Republican

State	Type	Total seats	Democratic		Republican
			Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District	9	9		0
Arkansas	District	7	7		0
California	District	8	0		8
Colorado	District +at-large	3	0		3
Connecticut	District +at-large	5	0		5
Delaware	At-large	1	0		1
Florida	District	3	3		0
Georgia	District	11	11		0
Idaho	At-large	1	0		1
Illinois	District	25	5	4	20	4
Indiana	District	13	4	2	9	2
Iowa	District	11	1	1	10	1
Kansas	District[lower-alpha 5]	8	0		8
Kentucky	District	11	7	2	4	2
Louisiana	District	7	7		0
Maine[lower-alpha 6]	District	4	0		4
Maryland	District	6	3		3
Massachusetts	District	14	3		11
Michigan	District	12	0		12
Minnesota	District	9	1	1	8	1
Mississippi	District	8	8		0
Missouri	District	16	12	5	4	5
Montana	At-large	1	0		1
Nebraska	District	6	1	1	5	1
Nevada	At-large	1	1		0
New Hampshire	District	2	0		2
New Jersey	District	10	4	3	6	3
New York	District	37	11		26[lower-alpha 3]
North Carolina	District	10	10	1	0	1
North Dakota	District	2	0		2
Ohio	District	21	5	4	16	4
Oregon[lower-alpha 6]	District	2	0		2
Pennsylvania	District	32	7	6	25	6
Rhode Island	District	2	1		1
South Carolina	District	7	7		0
South Dakota	At-large	2	0		2
Tennessee	District	10	8		2
Texas	District	16	16		0
Utah	At-large	1	0		1
Vermont[lower-alpha 6]	District	2	0		2
Virginia	District	10	9		1
Washington	At-large	3	0		3
West Virginia	District	5	0		5
Wisconsin	District	11	2	1	9	1
Wyoming	At-large	1	0		1
Total[lower-alpha 2]		386	167 42.2%	27	223[lower-alpha 3] 57.8%	27

Popular vote Republican   50.99% Democratic   43.57% Independent   0.36% Others   5.08%

House seats Republican   57.03% Democratic   42.71% Independent   0.26%

[[File:60 us house membership.png|thumb|left|350px| House seats by party holding plurality in state Including Oklahoma, which was admitted in 1907.   80+% Democratic   80+% Republican   60+% to 80% Democratic   60+% to 80% Republican   Up to 60% Democratic   Up to 60% Republican ]]

[[File:60 us house changes.png|thumb|left|350px| Net gain in party representation Including Oklahoma, which was admitted in 1907.   6+ Democratic gain   6+ Republican gain   3-5 Democratic gain   3-5 Republican gain   1-2 Democratic gain   1-2 Republican gain   no net change ]]

Election dates

In 1906, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:

• June 4 Oregon
• September 4 Vermont
• September 10 Maine

Oklahoma was admitted in 1907 and held its first congressional elections on September 17, 1907.

California

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
California 1	James Gillett	Republican	1902	Incumbent retired to run for Governor of California. New member elected. Republican hold.	William F. Englebright (Republican) 54.1% F. W. Taft (Democratic) 39.9% J. C. Weybright (Socialist) 5% R. L. Webb (Prohibition) 1.1%
California 2	Duncan E. McKinlay	Republican	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	Duncan E. McKinlay (Republican) 51.8% W. A. Beard (Democratic) 44.8% A. J. Gaylord (Socialist) 3.4%
California 3	Joseph R. Knowland	Republican	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	Joseph R. Knowland (Republican) 60% Hugh W. Brunk (Democratic) 21.5% Charles C. Boynton (Independence League) 10.1% William McDevitt (Socialist) 7% T. H. Montgomery (Prohibition) 1.3%
California 4	Julius Kahn	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	Julius Kahn (Republican) 62.4% David S. Hirshberg (Democratic) 33.2% Oliver Everett (Socialist) 4.4%
California 5	Everis A. Hayes	Republican	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	Everis A. Hayes (Republican) 52.6% Hiram G. Davis (Democratic) 41.9% Joseph Lawrence (Socialist) 5.5%
California 6	James C. Needham	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	James C. Needham (Republican) 55.6% Harry A. Greene (Democratic) 37.8% Richard Kirk (Socialist) 3.8% Herman E. Burbank (Prohibition) 2.8%
California 7	James McLachlan	Republican	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	James McLachlan (Republican) 56.8% Robert G. Laucks (Democratic) 28.4% Charles Ribble (Socialist) 9.3% Levi D. Johnson (Prohibition) 5.6%
California 8	Sylvester C. Smith	Republican	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	Sylvester C. Smith (Republican) 55.6% Charles A. Barlow (Democratic) 34.5% Noble A. Richardson (Socialist) 9.9%

Florida

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Florida 1	Stephen M. Sparkman	Democratic	1894	Incumbent re-elected.	Stephen M. Sparkman (Democratic) 86.5% C. C. Allen (Socialist) 13.5%
Florida 2	Frank Clark	Democratic	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	Frank Clark (Democratic) 88.2% J. F. McClelland (Republican) 11.8%
Florida 3	William B. Lamar	Democratic	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	William B. Lamar (Democratic) 93.4% T. B. Meeker (Socialist) 6.6%

Maryland

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Maryland 1	Thomas Alexander Smith	Democratic	1904	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	William H. Jackson (Republican) 51.5% Thomas Alexander Smith (Democratic) 44.8% John H. Dulany (Prohibition) 3.7%
Maryland 2	J. Frederick C. Talbott	Democratic	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	J. Frederick C. Talbott (Democratic) 50.2% Robert Garrett (Republican) 46.7% John S. Green (Prohibition) 1.8% George A. Bauer (Socialist) 1.2%
Maryland 3	Frank C. Wachter	Republican	1898	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Harry Benjamin Wolf (Democratic) 49.8% William W. Johnson (Republican) 47.0% Joseph P. Jarboe (Socialist) 2.0% George R. Gorsuch (Prohibition) 1.2%
Maryland 4	John Gill Jr.	Democratic	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	John Gill Jr. (Democratic) 50.7% John V. L. Findlay (Republican) 45.9% William M. Jett (Prohibition) 1.7% Edward B. Steele (Socialist) 1.6%
Maryland 5	Sydney Emanuel Mudd I	Republican	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	Sydney Emanuel Mudd I (Republican) 53.7% George M. Smith (Democratic) 42.8% John S. Mathews (Socialist) 2.0% William H. Silk (Prohibition) 1.6%
Maryland 6	George A. Pearre	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	George A. Pearre (Republican) 55.3% Harvey R. Spessard (Democratic) 38.5% Francis B. Sappington (Prohibition) 3.3% Ira Culp (Socialist) 2.9%

South Carolina

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 1	George Swinton Legaré	Democratic	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	George Swinton Legaré (Democratic) 99.3% Aaron P. Prioleau (Republican) 0.7%
South Carolina 2	James O'H. Patterson	Democratic	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	James O'H. Patterson (Democratic) 95.3% Isaac Myers (Republican) 4.7%
South Carolina 3	Wyatt Aiken	Democratic	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	Wyatt Aiken (Democratic) 100%
South Carolina 4	Joseph T. Johnson	Democratic	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	Joseph T. Johnson (Democratic) 98.7% David C. Gist (Republican) 0.9% Others 0.4%
South Carolina 5	David E. Finley	Democratic	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	David E. Finley (Democratic) 100%
South Carolina 6	J. Edwin Ellerbe	Democratic	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	J. Edwin Ellerbe (Democratic) 100%
South Carolina 7	Asbury F. Lever	Democratic	1901 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Asbury F. Lever (Democratic) 97.6% Aaron D. Dantzler (Republican) 2.4%

Virginia

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Virginia 1
Virginia 2
Virginia 3
Virginia 4
Virginia 5
Virginia 6	Carter Glass	Democratic	1902 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Carter Glass (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]
Virginia 7
Virginia 8
Virginia 9
Virginia 10

Non-voting delegates

District of Alaska

District	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	First elected
Alaska Territory at-large	Frank Hinman Waskey	Independent	1906	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Independent gain.	Thomas Cale (Independent) [data unknown/missing]

New Mexico Territory

New Mexico Territory elected its non-voting delegate November 6, 1906.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New Mexico Territory at-large	William Henry Andrews	Republican	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	William Henry Andrews (Republican) Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo (Democratic)[3]

See also

• 1906 United States elections
• 1906 and 1907 United States Senate elections
• 59th United States Congress
• 60th United States Congress

Notes

1. Three states held early elections between June 4 and September 10.
2. Including late elections
3. 1 Independent Republican, Peter A. Porter, elected to NY-34.
4. There was 1 Independent Republican.
5. At-large district eliminated in redistricting.
6. Elections held early.

References

1. "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
2. Martis, pp. 160–161.
3. "Our Campaigns - NM Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 06, 1906". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-09-16.

Bibliography

• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
• Secretary of State (1907). Maryland Manual 1906. Baltimore: Wm. J. C. Dulany Co. Retrieved 23 June 2020.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)