1846 and 1847 United States House of Representatives elections

Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 30th Congress were held during President James K. Polk's term at various dates in different states from August 1846 to November 1847.

1846 and 1847 United States House of Representatives elections

August 2, 1846 – November 2, 1847[lower-alpha 1]
All 230[lower-alpha 2] seats in the U.S. House of Representatives 116 seats needed for a majority
Leader Robert Winthrop Linn Boyd Party Whig Democratic Leader's seat Massachusetts 1st Kentucky 1st Last election 81 seats 140 seats Seats won 116 109[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] Seat change 35 31 Popular vote 1,033,506 1,124,080 Percentage 44.52% 48.43% Swing 0.27% 1.59%   Party Know Nothing Independent Last election 6 seats 0 seats Seats won 1 2[lower-alpha 4] Seat change 5 2 Popular vote 28,198 63,690 Percentage 1.21% 2.74% Swing 0.88% 1.49%
Speaker before election John Davis Democratic Elected Speaker Robert Winthrop Whig

The Whigs gained 37 seats to win 116 and a change in partisan control, while the rival Democrats lost 30, falling to 112.[lower-alpha 5] The Whigs gained seats in the Mid-Atlantic and the South. The nativist and anti-Catholic American Party was reduced to one seat. One Independent, Amos Tuck, was elected from New Hampshire.

The Mexican–American War was the main issue before voters. The incumbent House had voted overwhelmingly for war, but Polk had won the Presidency only by plurality in 1844 over his more famous opponent Henry Clay. Voters west of the Appalachian Mountains enthusiastically supported war, but voters in northeastern, more urban regions widely opposed it.

It was widely, accurately believed that war with Mexico would be won and would include large territorial gains. The Wilmot Proviso was the first Congressional attempt to deal with the political question of slavery in these projected new territories, by proposing to ban it. Congress rejected the Wilmot Proviso, but not quickly or smoothly. Protracted debate highlighted the issue, aggravating sectional tensions. The repeated failure of Congress, and later also the President and Supreme Court, over the next decade to resolve this issue conclusively was a major cause of the Civil War.

Notable freshmen included Abraham Lincoln, elected as a Whig to his only term. This was the last time the Whig Party won a House majority, though candidates opposed to the Democratic Party would win a large majority in the realigning 1854 election.

Election summaries

The trend toward single-member districts culminated as no multi-member districts featured.

In 1845, Congress established a uniform date for choosing Presidential electors. Gradually, states aligned nearly all other elections with this date, though as of this election, only three states had done so.

Two seats were added for the new State of Wisconsin.[1] Wisconsin was unrepresented for most of the 1st session.

↓

110	2	116
Democratic	[lower-alpha 6]	Whig

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Democratic		Whig		Other
				Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Elections for new states (Not included in totals below)
Texas	District	March 30, 1846	2	2	2	0		0
Iowa	At-large	October 26, 1846	2	2	2	0		0
General elections
Missouri	District[lower-alpha 7]	August 2, 1846	5	5		0		0
Arkansas	At-large	August 3, 1846	1	1		0		0
Illinois	District	August 3, 1846	7	6[lower-alpha 8]		1		0
Vermont	District	September 1, 1846	4	1		3		0
Maine	District	September 14, 1846	7	6		1		0
Florida	At-large	October 5, 1846	1	0	1	1	1	0
Georgia	District	October 5, 1846	8	4	1	4	1	0
South Carolina	District	October 12–13, 1846	7	7		0		0
Ohio	District	October 13, 1846	21	10	3	11	3	0
Pennsylvania	District	October 13, 1846	24	7	5	16	6	1[lower-alpha 9]	1
Texas	District	November 2, 1846	2	2		0		0
Michigan	District	November 3, 1846 (Election Day)	3	3		0		0
New Jersey	District		5	1		4		0
New York	District		34	11[lower-alpha 10]	10	23	14	0	4
Massachusetts	District	November 9, 1846	10	0		10		0
Delaware	At-large	November 10, 1846	1	0		1		0
Late elections (after the March 4, 1847 beginning of the term)
New Hampshire	District[lower-alpha 7]	March 9, 1847	4[lower-alpha 11]	2	1	1	1	1[lower-alpha 12]	1
Connecticut	District	April 5, 1847	4	0		4		0
Rhode Island	District	April 7, 1847	2	1	1	1	1	0
Virginia	District	April 22, 1847	15	9	5	6	5	0
Alabama	District	August 2, 1847	7	5	1	2	1	0
Indiana	District	August 2, 1847	10	6	2	4	2	0
Iowa	District[lower-alpha 7]	August 2, 1847	2	2		0		0
Kentucky	District	August 2, 1847	10	4	1	6	1	0
Tennessee	District	August 2, 1847	11	6		5		0
North Carolina	District	August 5, 1847	9	3	3	6	3	0
Maryland	District	October 6, 1847	6	2	2	4	2	0
Mississippi	District[lower-alpha 7]	November 1–2, 1847	4	3	1	1	1	0
Louisiana	District	November 2, 1847	4	3		1		0
Total[lower-alpha 2]			228	110[lower-alpha 5] 48.7%	35	116 50.4%	38	2 0.9%	4

Popular vote Democratic   48.43% Independent   2.74% Know Nothing   1.21% Whig   44.52% Others   3.10%

House seats Democratic   47.81% Independent   0.88% Know Nothing   0.44% Whig   50.88%

Special elections

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Georgia 3	Washington Poe	Democratic	1844	Member-elect declined the seat. New member elected January 5, 1846. Democratic hold.	George W. Towns (Democratic) 51.62% Ambrose Baber (Whig) 48.38%[2]
Missouri at-large	Sterling Price	Democratic	1844	Incumbent resigned August 12, 1846 to serve in the Mexican-American War. New member elected in 1846 and seated December 7, 1846. Democratic hold. Successor had not been elected to the next term, see below.	William McDaniel (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]
Arkansas at-large	Archibald Yell	Democratic	1836 1840 (Retired) 1844	Incumbent resigned July 1, 1846 to serve in the United States Volunteers. New member elected December 14, 1846. Whig gain. Successor seated February 6, 1847. Successor had not been elected to the next term, see below.	Thomas Willoughby Newton (Whig) 28.55% George W. Paschal (Democratic) 28.17% Albert Rust (Democratic) 27.06% C.F. Noland (Whig) 13.97% Herndon Haralson (Democratic) 2.26%[3]
Illinois 7	Edward D. Baker	Whig	1844	Incumbent resigned January 15, 1847 to join the Illinois Volunteer Infantry. New member elected January 20, 1847 to finish the term. Whig hold. Successor had not been a candidate to the next term, see below.	John Henry (Whig) 56.73% Israel W. Crosby (Democratic) 30.33% Archibald Job (Democratic) 6.92% Turner R. King (Independent) 2.94% William Brown (Whig) 1.91% Scattering 1.17%[4]
Louisiana 1
Michigan 1
Mississippi 1

Alabama

Elections were held August 2, 1847, after the March 4, 1847 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1847.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Alabama 1
Alabama 2
Alabama 3
Alabama 4
Alabama 5
Alabama 6
Alabama 7

Arkansas

Arkansas elected its sole member August 3, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arkansas at-large	Archibald Yell	Democratic	1836 1840 (Retired) 1844	Incumbent resigned July 1, 1846 to serve in the United States Volunteers. New member elected. Democratic hold. Winner was not elected to finish the current term.	Robert Ward Johnson (Democratic) Unopposed[5]

Connecticut

Elections were held April 5, 1847, after the March 4, 1847 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1847.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Connecticut 1
Connecticut 2
Connecticut 3
Connecticut 4

Delaware

The election was held November 10, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Delaware at-large

Florida

The election was held October 5, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Florida at-large	William H. Brockenbrough	Democratic	1845 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig gain.	Edward C. Cabell (Whig) 50.9% William A. Kain (Democratic) 49.1%

Georgia

Elections were held October 5, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Georgia 1
Georgia 2
Georgia 3
Georgia 4
Georgia 5
Georgia 6
Georgia 7
Georgia 8

Illinois

Elections were held August 3, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Illinois 1
Illinois 2
Illinois 3
Illinois 4
Illinois 5
Illinois 6
Illinois 7	Edward D. Baker	Whig	1844	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig hold. Incumbent then resigned early, leading to a special election.	Abraham Lincoln (Whig) 55.53% Peter Cartwright (Democratic) 42.29% Elihu Walcott (Liberty) 2.18%[6]

Indiana

Elections were held August 2, 1847, after the March 4, 1847 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1847.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Indiana 1
Indiana 2
Indiana 3
Indiana 4
Indiana 5
Indiana 6
Indiana 7
Indiana 8
Indiana 9
Indiana 10

Iowa

Elections to the 29th Congress

Elections for the new state were held October 26, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Iowa at-large (2 seats)	New state			New seat. New member elected October 26, 1846. Democratic gain. Winner (Leffler) was later elected in the 2nd district to the next term, see below.	(Elected on a general ticket) Shepherd Leffler (Democratic) 26.47% S. Clinton Hastings (Democratic) 26.10% Joseph H. Hedrick (Whig) 23.86% G. C. Mitchell (Whig) 23.57%[7]
	New state			New seat. New member elected October 26, 1846. Democratic gain. Winner (Hastings) would not be a candidate for the next term, see below.

Elections to the 30th Congress

Elections were held August 2, 1847, after the March 4, 1847 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1847.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Iowa 1	New seat			New district. New member elected. Democratic gain.	William Thompson (Democratic) 52.59% Jesse B. Browne (Whig) 47.41%[8]
Iowa 2	Shepherd Leffler Redistricted from the at-large district	Democratic	1846	Incumbent re-elected.	Shepherd Leffler (Democratic) 51.43% Thomas McKnight (Whig) 48.58%[9]
	S. Clinton Hastings Redistricted from the at-large district	Democratic	1846	Incumbent retired. Democratic loss.

Kentucky

Elections were held August 2, 1847, after the March 4, 1847 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1847.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Kentucky 1
Kentucky 2
Kentucky 3
Kentucky 4
Kentucky 5
Kentucky 6
Kentucky 7
Kentucky 8
Kentucky 9
Kentucky 10

Louisiana

Elections were held November 2, 1847, after the March 4, 1847 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1847.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Louisiana 1
Louisiana 2
Louisiana 3
Louisiana 4

Maine

Elections were held September 14, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maine 1
Maine 2
Maine 3
Maine 4
Maine 5
Maine 6
Maine 7

Maryland

Elections were held October 6, 1847 elections were after the March 4, 1847 beginning of the new term, but still before the Congress convened in December 1847.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maryland 1
Maryland 2
Maryland 3
Maryland 4
Maryland 5
Maryland 6

Massachusetts

Elections were held November 9, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts 1
Massachusetts 2
Massachusetts 3
Massachusetts 4
Massachusetts 5
Massachusetts 6
Massachusetts 7	Julius Rockwell	Whig	1844 (Late)	Incumbent re-elected.	Julius Rockwell (Whig) 53.34% Horatio Byington (Democratic) 38.63% Jasper Bement (Liberty) 8.04%[10]
Massachusetts 8	John Quincy Adams	Whig	1830	Incumbent re-elected.	John Quincy Adams (Whig) 62.23% Isaac H. Wright (Democratic) 28.25% Appleton Howe (Liberty) 9.52%[11]
Massachusetts 9
Massachusetts 10

Michigan

Elections were held November 3, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Michigan 1
Michigan 2
Michigan 3

Mississippi

Elections were held November 1–2, 1847, after the March 4, 1847 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1847.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Mississippi 1
Mississippi 2
Mississippi 3
Mississippi 4

Missouri

Elections were held August 2, 1846. All five seats remained Democratic. Three of the members retired.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Missouri 1	James B. Bowlin Redistricted from the at-large district	Democratic	1842	Incumbent re-elected.	James B. Bowlin (Democratic) 52.20% Uriel Wright (Whig) 36.81% William Milburn (Independent) 10.99%[12]
Missouri 2	William McDaniel Redistricted from the at-large district[lower-alpha 13]	Democratic	1846 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	John Jameson (Democratic) 81.09% Preston P. Brickey (Whig) 18.91%[13]
	James Hugh Relfe Redistricted from the at-large district[lower-alpha 13]	Democratic	1842	Incumbent retired. Democratic loss.
Missouri 3	New district			New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain.	James S. Green (Democratic) 55.27% John Gaines Miller (Whig) 44.73%[14]
Missouri 4	New district			New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Willard P. Hall (Democratic) 64.98% James H. Birch (Whig) 35.02%[15]
Missouri 5	John S. Phelps Redistricted from the at-large district	Democratic	1844	Incumbent re-elected.	John S. Phelps (Democratic) 53.26% John P. Campbell (Whig) 46.74%[16]
	Leonard H. Sims Redistricted from the at-large district[lower-alpha 13]	Democratic	1844	Incumbent retired. Democratic loss.

New Hampshire

Elections were held March 9, 1847, after the March 4, 1847 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1847. Two of the districts had run-off elections in July 1847.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New Hampshire 1	Vacant seat due to the failure to elect.			New member elected on the second ballot. Independent gain.	First ballot (March 9, 1847): Benning W. Jenness (Democratic) 44.66% Amos Tuck (Liberty) 15.04% Ichabod Goodwin (Whig)[17] Second ballot (July 8, 1847): Amos Tuck (Independent) 56.66% Benning W. Jenness (Democratic) 42.49%[18]
New Hampshire 2	Moses Norris Jr. Redistricted from the at-large district	Democratic	1843	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	Charles Peaslee (Democratic) 57.27% Joel Eastman (Whig) 27.78% George W. Stevens (Liberty) 14.96%[19]
New Hampshire 3	Mace Moulton Redistricted from the at-large district	Democratic	1845	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected on the second ballot. Democratic hold.	First ballot (March 9, 1847): Mace Moulton (Democratic) James Wilson (Whig) 42.34% John Preston (Liberty) 10.51%[20] Second ballot (July 8, 1847): James Wilson (Whig) 51.27% Mace Moulton (Democratic) 44.00% John Preston (Liberty) 4.72%[21]
New Hampshire 4	James Hutchins Johnson Redistricted from the at-large district	Democratic	1845	Incumbent re-elected.	James Hutchins Johnson (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]

New Jersey

Elections were held November 3, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New Jersey 1
New Jersey 2
New Jersey 3
New Jersey 4
New Jersey 5

New York

Elections were held November 3, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New York 1
New York 2
New York 3
New York 4
New York 5
New York 6
New York 7
New York 8
New York 9
New York 10
New York 11
New York 12
New York 13
New York 14
New York 15
New York 16
New York 17
New York 18
New York 19
New York 20
New York 21
New York 22
New York 23
New York 24
New York 25
New York 26
New York 27
New York 28
New York 29
New York 30
New York 31
New York 32
New York 33
New York 34

North Carolina

Elections were held August 5, 1847, after the March 4, 1847 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1847.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
North Carolina 1
North Carolina 2
North Carolina 3
North Carolina 4
North Carolina 5
North Carolina 6
North Carolina 7
North Carolina 8
North Carolina 9

Ohio

Elections were held October 13, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Ohio 1
Ohio 2
Ohio 3
Ohio 4
Ohio 5
Ohio 6
Ohio 7
Ohio 8
Ohio 9
Ohio 10
Ohio 11
Ohio 12
Ohio 13
Ohio 14
Ohio 15
Ohio 16
Ohio 17
Ohio 18
Ohio 19
Ohio 20
Ohio 21

Pennsylvania

Elections were held October 13, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Pennsylvania 1
Pennsylvania 2
Pennsylvania 3
Pennsylvania 4
Pennsylvania 5
Pennsylvania 6
Pennsylvania 7
Pennsylvania 8
Pennsylvania 9
Pennsylvania 10
Pennsylvania 11
Pennsylvania 12
Pennsylvania 13
Pennsylvania 14
Pennsylvania 15
Pennsylvania 16
Pennsylvania 17
Pennsylvania 18
Pennsylvania 19
Pennsylvania 20
Pennsylvania 21
Pennsylvania 22
Pennsylvania 23
Pennsylvania 24

Rhode Island

Elections were held April 7, 1847, after the March 4, 1847 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1847.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Rhode Island 1
Rhode Island 2

South Carolina

Elections were held October 12–13, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
South Carolina 1
South Carolina 2
South Carolina 3
South Carolina 4
South Carolina 5
South Carolina 6
South Carolina 7

Tennessee

Elections were held August 2, 1847.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Tennessee 1
Tennessee 2
Tennessee 3
Tennessee 4
Tennessee 5
Tennessee 6
Tennessee 7
Tennessee 8
Tennessee 9
Tennessee 10
Tennessee 11

Texas

29th Congress

Elections were held in March 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Texas 1	New state			New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.	David S. Kaufman (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]
Texas 2	New state			New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.	Timothy Pilsbury (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]

30th Congress

Elections were held November 2, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Texas 1	David S. Kaufman	Democratic	1846	Incumbent re-elected.	David S. Kaufman (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]
Texas 2	Timothy Pilsbury	Democratic	1846	Incumbent re-elected.	Timothy Pilsbury (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]

Vermont

Elections were held September 1, 1846.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Vermont 1
Vermont 2
Vermont 3
Vermont 4

Virginia

Elections were held April 22, 1847, after the March 4, 1847 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1847.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Virginia 1
Virginia 2
Virginia 3
Virginia 4
Virginia 5
Virginia 6
Virginia 7
Virginia 8
Virginia 9
Virginia 10
Virginia 11
Virginia 12
Virginia 13
Virginia 14
Virginia 15

Wisconsin Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Non-voting delegates

District	Incumbent			This race
	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Wisconsin Territory	Morgan Lewis Martin	Democratic	1844 or 1845[22]	Incumbent was not renominated. New member elected. Whig gain.	John Hubbard Tweedy (Whig)[23] Moses M. Strong (Democratic)

See also

• 1846 United States elections
  • List of United States House of Representatives elections, 1824–54
  • 1846 and 1847 United States Senate elections
• 29th United States Congress
• 30th United States Congress

Notes

1. Excludes states admitted during the 30th Congress.
2. Includes late elections
3. Includes a Congressman elected as a "Locofoco Democrat": William Collins from the 18th District of New York.
4. Includes two Independent Democrats.
5. Includes 2 Independent Democrats elected to Illinois's 1st congressional district and New York's 17th congressional district – see: Martis, p. 100-101.
6. There was 1 Know Nothing and 1 Independent.
7. Changed from at-large
8. Includes Robert Smith, who was elected to IL-01 as an Independent Democrat.
9. 1 Know Nothing
10. Includes George Petrie, who was elected to NY-17 as an Independent Democrat.
11. One seat had been vacant during the entire 29th Congress.
12. Amos Tuck was elected to NH-01 as an Independent.
13. Redistricting location speculative

References

1. 9 Stat. 58
2. https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=409314
3. "Our Campaigns - AR At-Large Race - Dec 14, 1846". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
4. https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=618143
5. "Our Campaigns - AR At-Large Race - Aug 03, 1846". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
6. https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=50692
7. "Our Campaigns - IA - At Large Race - Oct 26, 1846". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
8. "Our Campaigns - IA - District 01 Race - Aug 02, 1847". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
9. "Our Campaigns - IA - District 02 Race - Aug 02, 1847". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
10. "Our Campaigns - MA District 7 Race - Nov 09, 1846". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
11. "Our Campaigns - MA District 8 Race - Nov 09, 1849". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
12. "Our Campaigns - MO District 1 Race - Aug 02, 1846". www.ourcampaigns.com.
13. "Our Campaigns - MO District 2 Race - Aug 02, 1846". www.ourcampaigns.com.
14. "Our Campaigns - MO District 3 Race - Aug 02, 1846". www.ourcampaigns.com.
15. "Our Campaigns - MO District 4 Race - Aug 02, 1846". www.ourcampaigns.com.
16. "Our Campaigns - MO District 5 Race - Aug 02, 1846". www.ourcampaigns.com.
17. "Our Campaigns - NH District 1 Race - Mar 09, 1847". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
18. "Our Campaigns - NH District 1 - Runoff Race - Jul 08, 1847". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
19. "Our Campaigns - NH District 2 Race - Mar 09, 1847". www.ourcampaigns.com.
20. "Our Campaigns - NH District 3 Race - Mar 09, 1847". www.ourcampaigns.com.
21. "Our Campaigns - NH District 3 - Runoff Race - Jul 08, 1847". www.ourcampaigns.com.
22. "Our Campaigns - WI Territorial Delegate Race - Aug 05, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com.
23. "Our Campaigns - WI Territorial Delegate Race - Aug 05, 1847". www.ourcampaigns.com.

Bibliography

• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)