1886 United States House of Representatives elections

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1886 for Representatives to the 50th Congress, taking place in the middle of President Grover Cleveland's first term.

1886 United States House of Representatives elections
June 7, 1886 – November 2, 1886[lower-alpha 1]
All 325 seats in the United States House of Representatives
163 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader John G. Carlisle Thomas Brackett Reed
Party Democratic Republican
Leader's seat Kentucky 6th Maine 1st
Last election 182 seats 141 seats
Seats won 167[1] 152[1]
Seat change 15 11
Popular vote 4,126,909 3,858,355
Percentage 48.12% 44.99%
Swing 1.93% 2.14%
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Labor Greenback
Last election 0 seats 1 seat
Seats won 2[1] 1[1]
Seat change 2
Popular vote 92,851 32,358
Percentage 1.08% 0.38%
Swing New 0.69%
  Fifth party
 
Party Independent
Last election 1 seat[lower-alpha 2]
Seats won 2[lower-alpha 3]
Seat change 1
Popular vote 178,314
Percentage 2.08%
Swing 1.28%
Map of U.S. House elections results from 1886 elections for 50th Congress
Speaker before election

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

 Elected Speaker

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

As in many midterm elections, the President's party lost seats to the opposition, in this case, Democrats lost seats to Republicans, although a narrow majority was retained. Many of these Republican pickups were in the industrializing Midwest states, where the debate over tariffs, which were advocated by Republicans to protect domestic industry but opposed by Democrats to allow for free agricultural trade, led to political change. The small Labor Party, supported by industrial workers, gained one seat each in Virginia and Wisconsin, while the Greenback Party maintained its one seat in Iowa (James B. Weaver. One Independent was also elected in North Carolina.

Election summaries
State Type Total
seats		 Democratic Republican Others
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District 8 8 0 0
Arkansas District 5 5 0 0
California District 6 2 1 4 1 0
Colorado At-large 1 0 1 0
Connecticut District 4 2 2 0
Delaware At-large 1 1 0 0
Florida District 2 2 0 0
Georgia District 10 10 0 0
Illinois District 20 6 4 14 4 0
Indiana District 13 6 3 7 3 0
Iowa District 11 1 2 9[lower-alpha 4] 2 1[lower-alpha 5]
Kansas District 7 0 7[lower-alpha 4] 0
Kentucky District 11 8 2 3 2 0
Louisiana District 6 6 1 0 1 0
Maine District 4 0 4 0
Maryland District 6 5 1 0
Massachusetts District 12 4 2 8 2 0
Michigan District 11 5 2 6 2 0
Minnesota District 5 3 3 2 3 0
Mississippi District 7 7 0 0
Missouri District 14 12 2 0
Nebraska District 3 1 1 2 1 0
Nevada At-large 1 0 1 0
New Hampshire District 2 1 1 1 1 0
New Jersey District 7 2 1 5 1 0
New York District 34 16 1 18 1 0
North Carolina District 9 7 1 1 1 1
Ohio District 21 6 5 15 5 0
Oregon At-large 1 0 1 0
Pennsylvania District
+ at-large		 28 8 20 0
Rhode Island District 2 0 2 0
South Carolina District 7 7 1 0 1 0
Tennessee District 10 8 1 2 1 0
Texas District 11 11 0 0
Vermont District 2 0 2 0
Virginia District 10 3 5 6 5 1[lower-alpha 6] 1
West Virginia District 4 3 1 0
Wisconsin District 9 1 1 7 1[lower-alpha 6] 1
Total 325 167[1]
51.4%		 16 154[1][lower-alpha 3]
47.4%		 13 4[1]
1.2%		 3
Popular vote
Democratic
 
 48.12%
Greenback
 
 0.38%
Independent
 
 2.06%
Labor
 
 1.08%
Republican
 
 44.99%
Others
 
 3.37%
House seats
Democratic
 
 51.38%
Greenback
 
 0.31%
Independent
 
 0.92%
Labor
 
 0.62%
Republican
 
 46.77%

There were 2 Labor and 1 Independent members elected, and 1 Greenback member re-elected. The previous election saw just the Greenback elected.

↓
167 6 152
Democratic [lower-alpha 7] Republican
[[File:50 us house membership.png|thumb|450px|
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% Democratic
  80+% Republican
  60+% to 80% Democratic
  60+% to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
]]		 [[File:50 us house changes.png|thumb|450px|
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
  
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Labor gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  1-2 Independent gain
  no net change
]]

Special elections
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New York 15 Lewis Beach Democratic 1880 Incumbent died August 10, 1886.
New member elected November 2, 1886.
Democratic hold.
Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below.
Wisconsin 5

Election dates

In all the states except three, elections were held November 2, 1886. Those three states, with 7 seats among them, held elections:

Arizona Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

California
Main article: 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in California
See also: List of United States Representatives from California, 1886 United States Senate special election in California, and 1887 United States Senate election in California
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
California 1 Barclay Henley Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold
  • Y Thomas Larkin Thompson (Democratic) 50.2%
  • Charles A. Garter (Republican) 47.2%
  • L. W. Simmons (Prohibition) 2.6%
California 2 James A. Louttit Republican 1884 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Y Marion Biggs (Democratic) 50%
  • J. C. Campbell (Republican) 47%
  • W. O. Clark (Prohibition) 3%
California 3 Joseph McKenna Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Joseph McKenna (Republican) 53.1%
  • Henry C. McPike (Democratic) 44.6%
  • W. W. Smith (Prohibition) 2.4%
California 4 William W. Morrow Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y William W. Morrow (Republican) 48.7%
  • Frank McCoppin (Democratic) 42%
  • Charles A. Sumner (Independent) 9%
  • Robert Thompson (Prohibition) 0.4%
California 5 Charles N. Felton Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Charles N. Felton (Republican) 48.8%
  • Frank J. Sullivan (Democratic) 48.4%
  • C. Henderson (Prohibition) 1.4%
  • A. E. Redstone (Independent) 1.4%
California 6 Henry Markham Republican 1884 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold
  • Y William Vandever (Republican) 47.3%
  • Joseph D. Lynch (Democratic) 47.1%
  • W. A. Harris (Prohibition) 5.6%

Dakota Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Florida
Main article: 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida
See also: List of United States Representatives from Florida and 1887 United States Senate election in Florida
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida 1 Robert H. M. Davidson Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 2 Charles Dougherty Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Charles Dougherty (Democratic) 53.9%
  • J. C. Greeley (Republican) 44.9%
  • R. B. Norment (Prohibition) 1.2%

Idaho Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Montana Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

New Mexico Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

New York
See also: List of United States Representatives from New York and 1887 United States Senate election in New York
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New York 15 Lewis Beach Democratic 1880 Incumbent died August 10, 1886.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Successor also elected the same day to finish the current term.

South Carolina
Main article: 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
See also: List of United States Representatives from South Carolina
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 Samuel Dibble Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 2 George D. Tillman Democratic 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 3 D. Wyatt Aiken Democratic 1876 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
South Carolina 4 William H. Perry Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 5 John J. Hemphill Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 6 George W. Dargan Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 7 Robert Smalls Republican 1884 (Special) Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.

Utah Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Washington Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Wyoming Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Non-voting members
See also: Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives
District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Arizona Territory at-large
Dakota Territory at-large
Idaho Territory at-large
Montana Territory at-large Joseph K. Toole Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
New Mexico Territory at-large
Utah Territory at-large
Washington Territory at-large
Wyoming Territory at-large

See also

Notes
  1. Regular elections only, not specials
  2. Including 1 Independent Democrat.
  3. Including 2 Independent Republicans.
  4. Includes 1 Independent Republican.
  5. Greenback Party
  6. Labor Party
  7. There were 2 Labor members, 2 Independent Republicans, 1 Independent, and 1 Greenback members elected.

References
  1. Martis, p. 140–141.
  2. "Our Campaigns - NY District 15 - Special Election Race - Nov 02, 1886". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  3. Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections. 1975. p. 566.
  4. "Our Campaigns - NY District 15 Race - Nov 02, 1886". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  5. "Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 02, 1886". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 28, 2021.

Bibliography
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