1828 and 1829 United States House of Representatives elections
In the United States House of Representatives elections in 1828 and 1829,[lower-alpha 1] the Jacksonians soundly took control of the presidency, with Andrew Jackson's victory, and greatly increased their majority in Congress. Outgoing President John Quincy Adams's unpopularity played a major role in the Jacksonian pick-up, as did the perception of the Anti-Jacksonian Party as urban and elitist. Major increases in suffrage also heightened Jacksonian wins, as newly enfranchised voters tended to associate with Jacksonian principles. The Anti-Masonic Party, a single issue faction based on distrust of Freemasonry, became the first third party in American history to garner seats in the House.
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All 213 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives 107 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Election summaries
72 | 5 | 136 |
Anti-Jacksonian | [lower-alpha 3] | Jacksonian |
State | Type | Date | Total seats |
Anti-Jacksonian | Anti-Masonic | Jacksonian | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Louisiana | Districts | July 8–10, 1828 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Illinois | At-large | August 4, 1828 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indiana | Districts | August 4, 1828 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Missouri | At-large | August 4, 1828 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mississippi | At-large | August 4–5, 1828 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vermont | Districts | September 2, 1828 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maine | Districts | September 8, 1828 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Georgia | At-large | October 6, 1828 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Delaware | At-large | October 7, 1828 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
South Carolina | Districts | October 13–14, 1828 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ohio | Districts | October 14, 1828 | 14 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | Districts | October 14, 1828 | 26 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 24 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New York | Districts | November 3–5, 1828 | 34 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Jersey | At-large | November 4, 1828 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Massachusetts | Districts | November 7, 1828 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Late elections (after the March 4, 1829 beginning of the term) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Hampshire | At-large | March 10, 1829 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Connecticut | At-large | April 29, 1829 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Virginia | Districts | April 1829 | 22 | 6 | 0 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alabama | Districts | August 3, 1829 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kentucky | Districts | August 3, 1829 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 10 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tennessee | Districts | August 6–7, 1829 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
North Carolina | Districts | August 13, 1829 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rhode Island | At-large | August 27, 1829 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maryland | Districts | October 5, 1829 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 213 | 72[1] 33.8% |
28 | 5 2.3% |
5 | 136[1] 63.8% |
23 |
Special elections
There were special elections in 1828 and 1829 to the 20th United States Congress and 21st United States Congress.
Special elections are sorted by date then district.
20th Congress
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member / Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi at-large | William Haile | Jacksonian | 1826 (Special) 1826 |
Incumbent resigned September 12, 1828, having lost re-election to the next term. New member elected October 20, 1828. Jacksonian hold. Winner was seated December 8, 1828.[2] Successor had already been elected to the next term, see below. |
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Arkansas Territory at-large | Henry W. Conway | None | 1823 | Incumbent died November 9, 1827. New member elected (on an unknown date). Jacksonian gain. Successor seated February 13, 1828.[2] |
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New Jersey at-large (2 of the 6 seats elected on a general ticket) |
George Holcombe | Jacksonian | 1820 | Incumbent died January 14, 1828. New member elected November 4, 1828. Anti-Jacksonian gain. Successor seated December 1, 1828.[2] Successor was not a candidate for election to the next term on the same day, see below. |
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Hedge Thompson | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent died July 23, 1828. New member elected November 4, 1828. Anti-Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 1, 1828.[2] Successor was also elected to the next term on the same day, see below. | ||
New York 5 | Thomas J. Oakley | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent resigned June 1, 1828 to become Governor of Kentucky. New member elected (on an unknown date). Jacksonian hold. Successor seated November 5, 1828.[2] |
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Kentucky 2 | Thomas Metcalfe | Anti-Jacksonian | 1818 | Incumbent resigned June 1, 1828 to become Governor of Kentucky. New member elected (on an unknown date). Anti-Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 1, 1828.[2] Successor had not been a candidate the day before to the next term, see below. |
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Ohio 6 | William Creighton Jr. | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent resigned before December 19, 1828 to become judge to district court. New member elected December 2, 1828. Anti-Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 19, 1828.[2] |
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21st Congress
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maine 4 | Peleg Sprague | Anti-Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent resigned in previous Congress. New member elected July 20, 1829 on the second ballot. Anti-Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 7, 1829.[3] |
First ballot (April 6, 1829):
Second ballot (July 20, 1829):
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Georgia at-large 1 of 7 seats |
George R. Gilmer | Jacksonian | 1820 [[1827 Georgia's 1st congressional district special election|1827 (Special)]] |
Incumbent failed to accept the position within the legal time frame. New member elected October 5, 1829.[6] Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 7, 1829.[3] |
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Pennsylvania 8 Plural district with 2 seats |
George Wolf | Jacksonian | 1824 (Special) | Incumbent resigned in 1829 before the convening of Congress. New member elected October 13, 1829. Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 7, 1829.[3] |
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Samuel D. Ingham | Jacksonian | 1812 1818 (Resigned) 1822 (Special) |
Incumbent resigned in March 1829 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. New member elected October 13, 1829. Jacksonian hold. Successor seated October 13, 1829.[3] | ||
North Carolina 5 | Gabriel Holmes | Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent died September 26, 1829. New member elected December 2, 1829.[8] Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 14, 1829.[3] |
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North Carolina 10 | John Giles | Jacksonian | 1829 | Incumbent had just been elected August 13, 1829 to the term beginning March 4, 1829, but resigned from the seat without having served. New member elected December 2, 1829. Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 7, 1829.[2] |
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Pennsylvania 16 | William Wilkins | Jacksonian | 1828 | Incumbent resigned before qualifying. New member elected December 15, 1829. Anti-Masonic gain. Successor seated December 30, 1829.[3] |
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Virginia 10 | William C. Rives | Jacksonian | 1823 | Incumbent resigned some time in 1829. New member elected in August 1829.[10] Jacksonian hold. Successor seated January 25, 1830.[3] |
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Alabama
Alabama elected its members August 3, 1829 after the term began but before Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Alabama 1 "Northern district" |
Gabriel Moore | Jacksonian | 1821 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
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Alabama 2 "Middle district" |
John McKee | Jacksonian | 1823 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
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Alabama 3 "Southern district" |
George W. Owen | Jacksonian | 1823 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
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Arkansas Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Connecticut
Connecticut elected its members April 29, 1829 after the term began but before Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Connecticut at-large 6 seats on a general ticket |
David Plant | Anti-Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
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Elisha Phelps | Anti-Jacksonian | 1818 1820 (Lost) 1825 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold. | ||
Ralph I. Ingersoll | Anti-Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Orange Merwin | Anti-Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold. | ||
Noyes Barber | Anti-Jacksonian | 1821 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
John Baldwin | Anti-Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
Delaware
Delaware re-elected its sole member October 7, 1828.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Delaware at-large | Kensey Johns Jr. | Anti-Jacksonian | 1827 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Florida Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Georgia
Georgia returned to electing its members at-large for the 1828 election and elected its members October 6, 1828. Despite two retirements, the entire delegation remained Jacksonians.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Georgia at-large 7 seats on a general ticket |
George R. Gilmer Redistricted from the 1st district |
Jacksonian | 1820 (1827 Special) |
Incumbent re-elected but failed to accept the position within the legal time frame and the governor ordered a new election. |
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Richard Henry Wilde Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Jacksonian | 1814 1816 (Lost) 1824 (Special) 1826 (Lost) 1827 (Special) |
Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Wiley Thompson Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Jacksonian | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Wilson Lumpkin Redistricted from the 4th district |
Jacksonian | 1814 1816 (Lost) 1826 |
Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Charles E. Haynes Redistricted from the 5th district |
Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Tomlinson Fort Redistricted from the 6th district |
Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. | ||
John Floyd Redistricted from the 7th district |
Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
Illinois
Illinois's sole member was re-elected August 4, 1828.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Illinois at-large | Joseph Duncan | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Indiana
Indiana elected its members August 4, 1828.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Indiana 1 | Thomas H. Blake | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
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Indiana 2 | Jonathan Jennings | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Indiana 3 | Oliver H. Smith | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
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Kentucky
Kentucky elected its members August 3, 1829, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kentucky 1 | Henry Daniel | Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 2 | Thomas Metcalfe | Anti-Jacksonian | 1818 | Incumbent resigned June 1, 1828 to become Governor of Kentucky. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. Successor lost election to finish the current term, the next day. |
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Kentucky 3 | James Clark | Anti-Jacksonian | 1812 1816 (Resigned) 1825 (Special) |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 4 | Robert P. Letcher | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 5 | Robert L. McHatton | Jacksonian | 1826 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
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Kentucky 6 | Joseph Lecompte | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 7 | Thomas P. Moore | Jacksonianian | 1822 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
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Kentucky 8 | Richard A. Buckner | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
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Kentucky 9 | Charles A. Wickliffe | Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 10 | Joel Yancey | Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 11 | Thomas Chilton | Jacksonian | 1827 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 12 | Chittenden Lyon | Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Louisiana
Louisiana elected its members July 8–10, 1828.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Louisiana 1 | Edward Livingston | Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
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Louisiana 2 | Henry H. Gurley | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Louisiana 3 | William L. Brent | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
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Maine
Maine elected its members September 8, 1828. Maine required a majority vote for election, so the 5th district district election was settled on the second ballot on December 22, 1828 and the 6th district district election was settled on the sixth ballot on April 5, 1830, near the end of the next Congress.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maine 1 | Rufus McIntire | Jacksonian | 1827 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine 2 | John Anderson | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine 3 | Joseph F. Wingate | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine 4 | Peleg Sprague | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected. Incumbent resigned March 3, 1829 when elected U.S. Senator, leading to a special election. |
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Maine 5 | James W. Ripley | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. | First ballot (September 8, 1828):
Second ballot (December 22, 1828):
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Maine 6 | Jeremiah O'Brien | Anti-Jacksonian | 1823 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Jacksonian. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
First ballot (September 8, 1828):
Second ballot (December 22, 1829):
Third ballot (April 6, 1829):
Fourth ballot (September 14, 1829):
Fifth ballot (November 30, 1829):
Sixth ballot (April 5, 1830):
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Maine 7 | Samuel Butman | Anti-Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland
Maryland elected its members October 5, 1829 after the term began but before Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 1 | Clement Dorsey | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 2 | John C. Weems | Jacksonian | 1826 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
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Maryland 3 | George C. Washington | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 4 | Michael C. Sprigg | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 5 Plural district with 2 seats |
John Barney | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
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Peter Little | Anti-Jacksonian | 1810 1812 (Lost) 1816 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. | ||
Maryland 6 | Levin Gale | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
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Maryland 7 | John Leeds Kerr | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
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Maryland 8 | Ephraim K. Wilson | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts
Massachusetts elected its members November 7, 1828.
The majority requirement for election was met on the first ballot in all of the 13 districts.
District numbers vary between sources.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 "Suffolk district" |
Benjamin Gorham | Anti-Jacksonian | 1820 (Special) 1827 (Special) |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 2 "Essex South district" |
Benjamin W. Crowninshield | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 3 "Essex North district" |
John Varnum | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 4 "Middlesex district" |
Edward Everett | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 5 "Worcester South district" |
John Davis | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 6 "Worcester North district" |
John Locke | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
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Massachusetts 7 "Franklin district" |
Samuel C. Allen | Anti-Jacksonian | 1816 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
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Massachusetts 8 "Hampden district" |
Isaac C. Bates | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 9 "Berkshire district" |
Henry W. Dwight | Anti-Jacksonian | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 10 "Norfolk district" |
John Bailey | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 11 "Plymouth district" |
Joseph Richardson | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 12 "Bristol district" |
James L. Hodges | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 13 "Barnstable district" |
John Reed Jr. | Anti-Jacksonian | 1812 1816 (Lost) 1820 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Mississippi
Mississippi elected its sole member at-large August 4–5, 1828.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi at-large | William Haile | Jacksonian | 1826 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. Incumbent then resigned September 12, 1828, leading to a special election to finish the term, which was also won by the successor to the next term. |
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Missouri
Missouri elected its sole member August 4, 1828.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Missouri at-large | Edward Bates | Anti-Jacksonian | 1820 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
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New Hampshire
New Hampshire elected its members March 10, 1829 after the term began but before Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Hampshire at-large 6 seats on a general ticket |
Ichabod Bartlett | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
|
Jonathan Harvey | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Titus Brown | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. | ||
David Barker Jr. | Anti-Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. | ||
Thomas Whipple Jr. | Anti-Jacksonian | 1820 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. | ||
Joseph Healy | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
New Jersey
New Jersey elected its members November 4, 1828.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Jersey at-large 6 seats on a general ticket |
Lewis Condict | Anti-Jacksonian | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
George Holcombe | Jacksonian | 1820 | Incumbent died January 14, 1828. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. | ||
Isaac Pierson | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Samuel Swan | Anti-Jacksonian | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Hedge Thompson | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent died July 23, 1828. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | ||
Ebenezer Tucker | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
New York
New York elected its members November 3–5, 1828.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 1 | Silas Wood | Anti-Jacksonian | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
|
New York 2 | John J. Wood | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
New York 3 Plural district with 3 seats |
Churchill C. Cambreleng | Jacksonian | 1821 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Gulian Verplanck | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Jeromus Johnson | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. | ||
New York 4 | Aaron Ward | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
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New York 5 | Thomas J. Oakley | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent resigned May 9, 1828 to become a judge of the superior court of New York City. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
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New York 6 | John Hallock Jr. | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
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New York 7 | George O. Belden | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
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New York 8 | James Strong | Anti-Jacksonian | 1818 1821 (Retired) 1822 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 9 | John D. Dickinson | Anti-Jacksonian | 1818 1822 (Lost) 1826 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 10 | Stephen Van Rensselaer | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
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New York 11 | Selah R. Hobbie | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
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New York 12 | John I. De Graff | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
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New York 13 | Samuel Chase | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
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New York 14 | Henry R. Storrs | Anti-Jacksonian | 1816 1821 (Retired) 1822 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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New York 15 | Michael Hoffman | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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New York 16 | Henry Markell | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
|
New York 17 | John W. Taylor | Anti-Jacksonian | 1812 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 18 | Henry C. Martindale | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 19 | Richard Keese | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
|
New York 20 Plural district with 2 seats |
Rudolph Bunner | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
|
Silas Wright Jr. | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain. The losing incumbent later successfully contested the election but Wright never claimed the seat and resigned without serving on March 9, 1830.[19] | ||
New York 21 | John C. Clark | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
New York 22 | John G. Stower | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
|
New York 23 | Jonas Earll Jr. | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 24 | Nathaniel Garrow | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
New York 25 | David Woodcock | Anti-Jacksonian | 1821 1824 (Lost) 1826 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
|
New York 26 Plural district with 2 seats |
Dudley Marvin | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain. |
|
John Maynard | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. | ||
New York 27 | Daniel D. Barnard | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain. |
|
New York 28 | John Magee | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 29 | Phineas L. Tracy | Anti-Jacksonian | 1827 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Anti-Masonic gain. |
|
New York 30 | Daniel G. Garnsey | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent lost re-election as Anti-Masonic. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
North Carolina
North Carolina elected its members August 13, 1829 after the term began but before Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Carolina 1 | Lemuel Sawyer | Jacksonian | 1806 1812 (Lost) 1817 1823 (Lost) 1825 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
|
North Carolina 2 | Willis Alston | Jacksonian | 1798 1815 (Retired) 1825 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina 3 | Thomas H. Hall | Jacksonian | 1817 1825 (Lost) 1827 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina 4 | John H. Bryan | Anti-Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
|
North Carolina 5 | Gabriel Holmes | Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent re-elected. Incumbent later died September 26, 1829 and was replaced in a special election. |
|
North Carolina 6 | Daniel Turner | Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
North Carolina 7 | John Culpepper | Anti-Jacksonian | 1806 1808 (Contested election) 1808 (Special) 1813 1816 (Lost) 1819 1821 (Lost) 1823 1825 (Lost) 1827 |
Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
|
North Carolina 8 | Daniel L. Barringer | Jacksonian | 1826 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina 9 | Augustine H. Shepperd | Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina 10 | John Long | Anti-Jacksonian | 1821 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. New member later resigned, leading to a December 2, 1829 special election. |
|
North Carolina 11 | Henry W. Connor | Jacksonian | 1821 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina 12 | Samuel P. Carson | Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina 13 | Lewis Williams | Anti-Jacksonian | 1815 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio
Ohio elected its members October 14, 1828.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Ohio 1 | James Findlay | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 2 | John Woods | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
|
Ohio 3 | William McLean | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
|
Ohio 4 | Joseph Vance | Anti-Jacksonian | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 5 | William Russell | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 6 | William Creighton Jr. | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 7 | Samuel F. Vinton | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 8 | William Stanbery | Jacksonian | 1827 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 9 | Philemon Beecher | Anti-Jacksonian | 1816 1820 (Lost) 1822 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
|
Ohio 10 | John Davenport | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
|
Ohio 11 | John C. Wright | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
|
Ohio 12 | John Sloane | Anti-Jacksonian | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
|
Ohio 13 | Elisha Whittlesey | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 14 | Mordecai Bartley | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania elected its members October 14, 1828.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[20] | |
Pennsylvania 1 | Joel B. Sutherland | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 2 | John Sergeant | Anti-Jacksonian | 1815 (Special) 1822 (Retired) 1827 (Special) |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
|
Pennsylvania 3 | Daniel H. Miller | Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 3 seats |
James Buchanan | Jacksonian | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Samuel Anderson | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. | ||
Charles Miner | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. | ||
Pennsylvania 5 | John B. Sterigere | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 6 | Innis Green | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 7 Plural district with 2 seats |
Joseph Fry Jr. | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
William Addams | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. | ||
Pennsylvania 8 Plural district with 2 seats |
George Wolf | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected but resigned August 31, 1829 to become Governor of Pennsylvania, leading to an October 13, 1829 special election. |
|
Samuel D. Ingham | Jacksonian | 1812 1818 (Resigned) 1822 (Special) |
Incumbent re-elected but resigned in March 1829 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, leading to an October 13, 1829 special election. | ||
Pennsylvania 9 Plural district with 3 seats |
George Kremer | Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
Espy Van Horne | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. | ||
Samuel McKean | Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. | ||
Pennsylvania 10 | Adam King | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 11 Plural district with 2 seats |
James Wilson | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
|
William Ramsey | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Pennsylvania 12 | John Mitchell | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 13 | Chauncey Forward | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 14 | Andrew Stewart | Anti-Jacksonian | 1820 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
|
Pennsylvania 15 | Joseph Lawrence | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
|
Pennsylvania 16 Plural district with 2 seats |
Robert Orr Jr. | Jacksonian | 1825 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
James S. Stevenson | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain. Winner resigned November 9, 1829, leading to a special election. | ||
Pennsylvania 17 | Richard Coulter | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 18 | Stephen Barlow | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
|
Rhode Island
Rhode Island elected its members August 27, 1829 after the term began but before Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Rhode Island at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Dutee J. Pearce | Anti-Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tristam Burges | Anti-Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent re-elected. |
South Carolina
South Carolina elected its members October 13–14, 1828.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | William Drayton | Jacksonian | 1825 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 2 | James Hamilton Jr. | Jacksonian | 1822 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
South Carolina 3 | Thomas R. Mitchell | Jacksonian | 1820 1823 (Lost) 1824 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
South Carolina 4 | William D. Martin | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 5 | George McDuffie | Jacksonian | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 6 | Warren R. Davis | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 7 | William T. Nuckolls | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 8 | John Carter | Jacksonian | 1822 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
South Carolina 9 | Starling Tucker | Jacksonian | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee
Tennessee elected its members August 6–7, 1829 after the term began but before Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | John Blair | Jacksonian | 1823 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 2 | Pryor Lea | Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 3 | James C. Mitchell | Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
Tennessee 4 | Jacob C. Isacks | Jacksonian | 1823 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 5 | Robert Desha | Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 6 | James K. Polk | Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 7 | John Bell | Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 8 | John H. Marable | Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
Tennessee 9 | Davy Crockett | Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent re-elected to a different party. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
|
Vermont
Vermont elected its members September 2, 1828. Vermont required a majority vote for election, so the 3rd district district election was settled on the second ballot on November 11, 1828 and the 5th district district election was settled on the eighth ballot on November 2, 1829.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Vermont 1 | Jonathan Hunt | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Vermont 2 | Rollin C. Mallary | Anti-Jacksonian | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Vermont 3 | George E. Wales | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
First ballot (September 2, 1828):
Second ballot (November 11, 1828):
|
Vermont 4 | Benjamin Swift | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Vermont 5 | Daniel A. A. Buck | Anti-Jacksonian | 1822 1824 (Lost) 1826 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain. |
First ballot (September 2, 1828):
Second ballot (November 11, 1828):
Third ballot (January 5, 1829):
Fourth ballot (March 2, 1829):
Fifth ballot (May 4, 1829):
Sixth ballot (July 6, 1829):
Seventh ballot (September 7, 1829):
Eighth ballot (November 2, 1829):
|
Virginia
Virginia elected its members in April 1829 after the term began but before Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Virginia 1 | Thomas Newton Jr. | Anti-Jacksonian | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected. The election was later successfully contested. |
|
Virginia 2 | James Trezvant | Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 3 | William S. Archer | Jacksonian | 1820 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 4 | Mark Alexander | Jacksonian | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 5 | John Randolph | Jacksonian | 1799 1812 (Lost) 1815 1817 (Retired) 1819 1825 (Resigned) 1827 |
Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
Virginia 6 | Thomas Davenport | Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 7 | Nathaniel H. Claiborne | Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 8 | Burwell Bassett | Jacksonian | 1805 1812 (Lost) 1815 1819 (Retired) 1821 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
Virginia 9 | Andrew Stevenson | Jacksonian | 1821 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 10 | William C. Rives | Jacksonian | 1823 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 11 | Philip P. Barbour | Jacksonian | 1814 (Special) 1825 (Retired) 1827 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 12 | John Roane | Jacksonian | 1809 1815 (Retired) 1827 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 13 | John Taliaferro | Anti-Jacksonian | 1801 1803 (Retired) 1811 (Challenge) 1813 (Lost) 1824 (Special) |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 14 | Charles F. Mercer | Anti-Jacksonian | 1817 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 15 | John S. Barbour | Jacksonian | 1823 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 16 | William Armstrong | Anti-Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 17 | Robert Allen | Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 18 | Isaac Leffler | Anti-Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
|
Virginia 19 | William McCoy | Jacksonian | 1811 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 20 | John Floyd | Jacksonian | 1817 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
|
Virginia 21 | Lewis Maxwell | Anti-Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 22 | Alexander Smyth | Jacksonian | 1817 1825 (Lost) 1827 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Non-voting delegates
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arkansas Territory at-large | Ambrose H. Sevier | None | 1828 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | |
Florida Territory at-large | Joseph M. White | Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
Michigan Territory at-large | Austin E. Wing | [data unknown/missing] | 1824 | Retired |
See also
Notes
- These dates do not include a run-off ballot in Maine that ran into 1830.
- Both Dubin and Martis agree that there were 72 seats held by Anti-Jacksonians (or Adams Men) at the start of the 21st Congress; further, including the later filling of vacancies, both sources agree that there were ultimately 136 districts held by Jacksonians.
- 5 Anti-Masons were elected.
- Changed parties.
- Source does not give full name.
- Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source.
- Won special election to the 20th Congress.
- Silas Wright Jr. (Jacksonian) successfully contested the election of George Fisher (Anti-Jacksonian); but Wright never claimed the seat, and resigned, without serving, on March 9, 1830. See note at bottom of the New York 'Complete returns' section for further details.
- Won subsequent special election.
- Based on incomplete returns.
References
- Dubin, pg. 95; Martis, pg. 90.
- "Twentieth Congress March 4, 1827, to March 3, 1829". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 31, 2019 – via History.house.gov.
- "Twenty-First Congress March 4, 1829, to March 3, 1831". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 30, 2019 – via History.house.gov.
- "ME District 4 - Special Election - 1st Trial". January 11, 2011. Retrieved June 10, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "ME District 4 - Special Election - 2nd Trial". January 11, 2011. Retrieved June 10, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "GA At-Large - Special Election". February 16, 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006" (PDF). The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.
- "NC District 05 - Special Election". June 26, 2005. Retrieved June 10, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "NC District 10 - Special Election". May 8, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
- "VA District 10 Special Election". December 25, 2014. Retrieved June 10, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "Our Campaigns - CT At-Large Race - Apr 09, 1829". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
- "ME District 5 - 1st Trial". February 10, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "ME District 5 - 2nd Trial". February 10, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "ME District 6 - 1st Trial". February 11, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "ME District 6 - 2nd Trial". February 11, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "ME District 6 - 3rd Trial". February 11, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "ME District 6 - 4th Trial". February 11, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "ME District 6 - 5th Trial". February 11, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- Dubin, p. 92, 94, 96.
- "Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project" (PDF).
- "VT - District 05 - First Trial". September 2, 2006. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "VT - District 05 - Second Trial". September 2, 2006. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "VT - District 05 - Third Trial". September 2, 2006. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "VT - District 05 - Fourth Trial". September 2, 2006. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "VT - District 05 - Fifth Trial". September 2, 2006. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "VT - District 05 - Sixth Trial". September 2, 2006. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "VT - District 05 - Seventh Trial". September 2, 2006. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
- "VT - District 05 - Eighth Trial". September 2, 2006. Retrieved June 11, 2019 – via Our Campaigns.
Bibliography
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- "Twentieth Congress March 4, 1827, to March 3, 1829". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 9, 2019 – via History.house.gov.
- "Twenty-First Congress March 4, 1829, to March 3, 1831". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 30, 2019 – via History.house.gov.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)