VRK2

Serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the VRK2 gene.[5]

VRK2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2V62
Identifiers
Aliases	VRK2, vaccinia related kinase 2, VRK serine/threonine kinase 2
External IDs	OMIM: 602169 MGI: 1917172 HomoloGene: 55966 GeneCards: VRK2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human)[1] Band 2p16.1 Start 57,907,629 bp[1] End 58,159,920 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse)[2] Band 11|11 A3.3 Start 26,471,322 bp[2] End 26,593,999 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • transferase activity • nucleotide binding • protein kinase activity • protein domain specific binding • kinase activity • protein serine/threonine kinase activity • GO:0001948 protein binding • ATP binding • protein kinase binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • integral component of membrane • endoplasmic reticulum membrane • mitochondrial membranes • membrane • endoplasmic reticulum • mitochondrion • cell nucleus • macromolecular complex Biological process • regulation of MAPK cascade • regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway • phosphorylation • protein phosphorylation • peptidyl-serine phosphorylation • autophosphorylation • cellular response to oxidative stress • GO:0022415 viral process • regulation of cell shape • peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	7444	69922
Ensembl	ENSG00000028116	ENSMUSG00000064090
UniProt	Q86Y07	Q8BN21
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001130480 NM_001130481 NM_001130482 NM_001130483 NM_001288836 NM_001288837 NM_001288838 NM_001288839 NM_006296	NM_001252447 NM_027260
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001123952 NP_001123953 NP_001123954 NP_001123955 NP_001275765 NP_001275766 NP_001275767 NP_001275768 NP_006287	NP_001239376 NP_081536
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 57.91 – 58.16 Mb	Chr 11: 26.47 – 26.59 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

This gene encodes a member of the vaccinia-related kinase (VRK) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. This gene is widely expressed in human tissues and has increased expression in actively dividing cells, such as those in testis, leukocytes, fetal liver, and carcinomas. Its protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and has been shown to phosphorylate casein and undergo autophosphorylation.

While several transcript variants may exist for this gene, the full-length nature of only one has been biologically validated to date.[5]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000028116 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000064090 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: VRK2 vaccinia related kinase 2".

Further reading

• Blanco S, Santos C, Lazo PA (2008). "Vaccinia-related kinase 2 modulates the stress response to hypoxia mediated by TAK1". Mol. Cell. Biol. 27 (20): 7273–83. doi:10.1128/MCB.00025-07. PMC 2168905. PMID 17709393.
• Li LY, Liu MY, Shih HM, et al. (2006). "Human cellular protein VRK2 interacts specifically with Epstein-Barr virus BHRF1, a homologue of Bcl-2, and enhances cell survival". J. Gen. Virol. 87 (Pt 10): 2869–78. doi:10.1099/vir.0.81953-0. PMID 16963744.
• Blanco S, Klimcakova L, Vega FM, Lazo PA (2006). "The subcellular localization of vaccinia-related kinase-2 (VRK2) isoforms determines their different effect on p53 stability in tumour cell lines". FEBS J. 273 (11): 2487–504. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05256.x. hdl:10261/7155. PMID 16704422. S2CID 6110354.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Nichols RJ, Traktman P (2004). "Characterization of three paralogous members of the Mammalian vaccinia related kinase family". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (9): 7934–46. doi:10.1074/jbc.M310813200. PMID 14645249.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Nezu J, Oku A, Jones MH, Shimane M (1998). "Identification of two novel human putative serine/threonine kinases, VRK1 and VRK2, with structural similarity to vaccinia virus B1R kinase". Genomics. 45 (2): 327–31. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4938. PMID 9344656.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.