Psalter Pahlavi

Psalter Pahlavi is a cursive abjad which was used for writing Middle Persian on paper, it is thus described as one of the Pahlavi scripts.[1] It was written right to left, usually with spaces between words.[1]

For the translated document this writing system is named after, see Pahlavi Psalter.
Psalter Pahlavi
Sample of text taken from the Cross of Herat
Type
LanguagesMiddle Persian
Time period
Mid-6th to 7th century CE
Parent systems
DirectionRight-to-left
ISO 15924Phlp, 132
Unicode alias
Psalter Pahlavi
U+10B80–U+10BAF

It takes its name from the Pahlavi Psalter, part of the Psalms translated from Syriac to Middle Persian and found in what is now western China.[2]

Letters
Letters (Isolated Form)
Name[lower-alpha 1]ImageTextIPA[3]
Aleph 𐮀 /a/, /aː/
Beth 𐮁 /b/, /w/
Gimel 𐮂 /g/, /j/
Daleth 𐮃 /d/, /j/
He 𐮄 /h/
Waw-Ayin-Resh 𐮅 /w/, /ʔ/, /r/
Zayin 𐮆 /z/
Heth 𐮇 /h/, /x/
Yodh 𐮈 /j/, /ē̆/, /ī̆/, /d͡ʒ/
Kaph 𐮉 /k/, /g/
Lamedh 𐮊 /l/, /r/
Mem-Qoph 𐮋 /m/, /q/
Nun 𐮌 /n/
Samekh 𐮍 /s/, /h/
Pe 𐮎 /p/, /b/, /f/
Sadhe 𐮏 /t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/, /z/
Shin 𐮐 /ʃ/
Taw 𐮑 /t/, /d/

Punctuation

Four different large section-ending punctuation marks were used:

MarkDescription
ImageText
𐮙Section mark
𐮚Turned section mark
𐮛Four dots with cross
𐮜Four dots with dot

Numbers

Psalter Pahlavi had its own numerals:

Value12341020100
SignImage
Text 𐮩𐮪𐮫𐮬𐮭𐮮𐮯

Some numerals have joining behavior (with both numerals and letters).[1] Numbers are written right-to-left. Numbers without corresponding numerals are additive. For example, 96 is written as 𐮮𐮮𐮮𐮮𐮭𐮫𐮫‎ (20 + 20 + 20 + 20 + 10 + 3 + 3).[1]

Unicode block
Main article: Psalter Pahlavi (Unicode block)

Psalter Pahlavi script was added to the Unicode Standard in June, 2014 with the release of version 7.0.

The Unicode block is U+10B80–U+10BAF:

Psalter Pahlavi[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+10B8x 𐮀 𐮁 𐮂 𐮃 𐮄 𐮅 𐮆 𐮇 𐮈 𐮉 𐮊 𐮋 𐮌 𐮍 𐮎 𐮏
U+10B9x 𐮐 𐮑 𐮙 𐮚 𐮛 𐮜
U+10BAx 𐮩 𐮪 𐮫 𐮬 𐮭 𐮮 𐮯
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 13.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

Notes
  1. The names are based on the corresponding Imperial Aramaic characters

References
  1. Everson, Michael; Pournader, Roozbeh (2011-05-06). "N4040: Proposal for encoding the Psalter Pahlavi script in the SMP of the UCS" (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.
  2. Encyclopædia Iranica: Pahlavi Psalter
  3. Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William, eds. (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press, Inc. pp. 518. ISBN 978-0195079937.
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