Fourth government of Felipe González

The fourth government of Felipe González was formed on 14 July 1993 following the latter's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 9 July and his swearing-in on 13 July, as a result of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 1993 Spanish general election.[1] It succeeded the third González government and was the Government of Spain from 14 July 1993 to 6 May 1996, a total of 1,027 days, or 2 years, 9 months and 22 days.[2]

4th government of Felipe González
Government of Spain
1993–1996
Date formed	14 July 1993
Date dissolved	6 May 1996 (acting from 4 March 1996)
People and organisations
Head of state	Juan Carlos I
Head of government	Felipe González
Deputy head of government	Narcís Serra (1993–1995)
No. of ministers	17[lower-alpha 1] (1993–1994) 16[lower-alpha 1] (1994–1995) 15[lower-alpha 1] (1995–1996)
Total no. of members	21[lower-alpha 1]
Member party	PSOE
Status in legislature	Minority
Opposition party	PP
Opposition leader	José María Aznar
History
Election(s)	1993 general election
Outgoing election	1996 general election
Legislature term(s)	5th Cortes Generales (1993–1996)
Budget(s)	1994, 1995
Predecessor	González III
Successor	Aznar I

González's fourth cabinet was an important change compared to the previous one: only five members remained in their previous ministries, four changed of portfolio and eight were new.[3] It was described as the least political cabinet out of the four González governments, with up to six independent figures, as well as the one with the most female ministers (Carmen Alborch, Ángeles Amador and Cristina Alberdi).[4][5] The sole deputy prime minister's office under Narcís Serra from the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) was maintained with increased competences on economic affairs.[6]

The parliamentary defeat of the 1996 General State Budget bill on 25 October 1995 led to the virtual downfall of González's government,[7][8] which was forced to prorogue the 1995 budget and ultimately decided to dissolve parliament and call a snap election.[9] It was automatically dismissed on 4 March 1996 as a consequence of the 1996 general election, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.[10][11]

Investiture

Investiture Felipe González (PSOE)
Ballot →		9 July 1993
Required majority →		176 out of 350
	Yes • PSOE (159) • CiU (17) • PNV (5)	181 / 350
	No • PP (141) • IU–IC (17) • CC (4) • ERC (1) • EA (1) • UV (1)	165 / 350
	Abstentions • PAR (1)	1 / 350
	Absentees • HB (2) • IU–IC (1)	3 / 350
Sources[1][12]

Cabinet changes

González's fourth government saw a number of cabinet changes during its tenure:

• On 18 November 1993, Minister of the Interior José Luis Corcuera announced his intention to submit his resignation after the Constitutional Court of Spain declared the unconstitutionality of a number of provisions within the 1992 Organic Law on Protection of Citizen Security, colloquially known as the "Corcuera Law" or the "Law of kick down the door", that allowed police forces, without previous judicial authorization, to enter private properties based on the mere suspicion that a crime was being committed within.[13][14][15] Corcuera's resignation was accepted on 24 November,[16][17] and the following day Antoni Asunción was appointed to replace him at the helm of the interior ministry.[18][19]
• On 6 May 1994, Juan Alberto Belloch and Luis María Atienza were assigned the responsibilities of the Interior and Agriculture, Fisheries and Food ministries after the resignations of Antoni Asunción and Vicente Albero.[20] Asunción announced on 30 April his intention to step down from his post after it transpired that former Director-General of the Civil Guard Luis Roldán, suspected of amassing a fortune through fraudulent means during his years of service and whose monitoring was responsibility of the Interior ministry, had fled Spain to escape legal prosecution.[21][22][23] Concurrently, Albero resigned as agriculture minister on 4 May after he became involved in a tax fraud scandal.[24] Prime Minister González accepted both ministers' resignations on 4 May 1994.[25][26] As a result of the reshuffle, the Justice and Interior departments were merged into a single ministry.[27]
• On 12 June 1995, a major scandal unveiled after it transpired that the Superior Center of Defense Information (CESID), the main Spanish intelligence agency at the time, had been recording and keeping the taped telephone conversations of dozens of prominent public figures for years, including politicians, businessmen, journalists or the King himself, apparently without the cabinet's knowledge.[28] The scandal brought about the resignations of Julián García Vargas, Minister of Defence since 1991 and under whose authority the CESID was responsible to, but also of Deputy Prime Minister Narcís Serra, who had been the defence minister in the 1982 to 1991 period.[29][30][31] Prime Minister González accepted the resignations on 28 June 1995,[32][33][34] but despite earlier speculation on a larger reshuffle,[35][36] the government changes were limited to replacing García Vargas by Minister of Education Gustavo Suárez Pertierra and the incorporation of former President of the Valencian Government Joan Lerma into the cabinet in the Public Administrations portfolio, replacing Jerónimo Saavedra who, in turn, filled Suárez Pertierra's vacancy in Education; no replacement for Narcís Serra as deputy prime minister was appointed.[37]
• On 19 December 1995, Javier Solana was replaced by Carlos Westendorp in the Foreign Affairs portfolio after the former was elected as new Secretary General of NATO.[38][39]

Council of Ministers

The Council of Ministers was structured into the offices for the prime minister, the deputy prime minister, 16 ministries and the post of the spokesperson of the Government.[40] The number of ministries was reduced to 15 after the ministries of Justice and Interior were merged in 1994.[41] The office of the deputy prime minister was left vacant from 1995.[42]

← González IV Government → (14 July 1993 – 6 May 1996)
Portfolio	Name	Party		Took office	Left office	Ref.
Prime Minister	Felipe González		PSOE	13 July 1993	5 May 1996	[43]
Deputy Prime Minister	Narcís Serra		PSC–PSOE	14 July 1993	2 July 1995	[44]
Minister of Foreign Affairs	Javier Solana		PSOE	14 July 1993	19 December 1995	[45]
Minister of Justice	Juan Alberto Belloch		Independent	14 July 1993	6 May 1994	[45]
Minister of Defence	Julián García Vargas		PSOE	14 July 1993	2 July 1995	[45]
Minister of Economy and Finance	Pedro Solbes		Independent	14 July 1993	6 May 1996	[45]
Minister of the Interior	José Luis Corcuera		PSOE	14 July 1993	24 November 1993	[45]
Minister of Public Works, Transport and Environment	Josep Borrell		PSOE	14 July 1993	6 May 1996	[45]
Minister of Education and Science	Gustavo Suárez Pertierra		PSOE	14 July 1993	3 July 1995	[45]
Minister of Labour and Social Security	José Antonio Griñán		PSOE	14 July 1993	6 May 1996	[45]
Minister of Industry and Energy	Juan Manuel Eguiagaray		PSOE	14 July 1993	6 May 1996	[45]
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food	Vicente Albero		PSOE	14 July 1993	4 May 1994	[45]
Minister of the Presidency Spokesperson of the Government	Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba		PSOE	14 July 1993	6 May 1996	[45] [46]
Minister for Public Administrations	Jerónimo Saavedra		PSOE	14 July 1993	3 July 1995	[45]
Minister of Culture	Carmen Alborch		Independent	14 July 1993	6 May 1996	[45]
Minister of Health and Consumer Affairs	Ángeles Amador		Independent	14 July 1993	6 May 1996	[45]
Minister of Social Affairs	Cristina Alberdi		Indep. / PSOE[lower-alpha 2]	14 July 1993	6 May 1996	[45]
Minister of Trade and Tourism	Javier Gómez-Navarro		Independent	14 July 1993	6 May 1996	[45]
Changes November 1993
Portfolio	Name	Party		Took office	Left office	Ref.
Minister of the Interior	Antoni Asunción		PSOE	25 November 1993	4 May 1994	[48]
Changes May 1994
Portfolio	Name	Party		Took office	Left office	Ref.
Minister of Justice and Interior[lower-alpha 3]	Juan Alberto Belloch		Independent	6 May 1994	6 May 1996	[49]
Minister of the Interior	Merged into the Ministry of Justice and Interior on 6 May 1994.[41]
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food	Luis María Atienza		PSOE	6 May 1994	6 May 1996	[50]
Changes July 1995
Portfolio	Name	Party		Took office	Left office	Ref.
Deputy Prime Minister	Vacant from 2 July 1995.[lower-alpha 4][51][52]
Minister of Defence	Gustavo Suárez Pertierra		PSOE	3 July 1995	6 May 1996	[53]
Minister of Education and Science	Jerónimo Saavedra		PSOE	3 July 1995	6 May 1996	[54]
Minister for Public Administrations	Joan Lerma		PSOE	3 July 1995	6 May 1996	[55]
Changes December 1995
Portfolio	Name	Party		Took office	Left office	Ref.
Minister of Foreign Affairs	Carlos Westendorp		PSOE	19 December 1995	6 May 1996	[56]

Departmental structure

Felipe González's fourth government was organised into several superior and governing units, whose number, powers and hierarchical structure varied depending on the ministerial department.[40][41]

Unit/body rank

• (■) Secretary of state
• (■) Undersecretary
• (■) Director-general
• (●) Autonomous agency

Office (Original name)	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Party		Ref.
Prime Minister's Office
Prime Minister (Presidencia del Gobierno)		Felipe González	13 July 1993	5 May 1996		PSOE	[57] [58] [59] [60]
	14 July 1993 – 11 May 1996 (■) Cabinet of the Prime Minister's Office–Chief of Staff (■) Deputy Chief of Staff (■) Department of Institutional Affairs (■) Department of Economy (■) Department of Socio-labour Affairs (■) Department of International Affairs (■) Department of Education and Culture (■) Department of Analysis (■) Department of Defence and Security (■) Department of Studies (■) Department of Infrastructure and Monitoring for Crisis Situations (■) General Secretariat of the Prime Minister's Office (est. 21 Jul 1993)
Deputy Prime Minister (Vicepresidencia del Gobierno)		Narcís Serra	14 July 1993	2 July 1995 (resigned)[lower-alpha 4]		PSC–PSOE	[59] [62]
	16 December 1989 – 31 July 1995 (■) General Secretariat of the Deputy Prime Minister's Office
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores)		Javier Solana	14 July 1993	19 December 1995		PSOE	[63] [64] [65] [66]
		Carlos Westendorp	19 December 1995	6 May 1996		PSOE
	24 December 1988 – 11 May 1996 (■) State Secretariat for the European Communities (until 23 Dec 1995) / State Secretariat for the European Union (from 23 Dec 1995) (■) General Secretariat for the European Communities (until 23 Dec 1995) / General Secretariat for the European Union (from 23 Dec 1995) (■) Directorate-General for Community Technical Coordination (disest. 23 Dec 1995) (■) Directorate-General for Community Legal and Institutional Coordination (disest. 23 Dec 1995) (■) Directorate-General for Technical Coordination of European Union Issues (est. 23 Dec 1995) (■) Directorate-General for Legal and Institutional Coordination of European Union Issues (est. 23 Dec 1995) (■) State Secretariat for International Cooperation and for Ibero-America (■) Directorate-General for International Economic Relations (■) Directorate-General for Cultural and Scientific Relations (■) Undersecretariat of Foreign Affairs (■) Technical General Secretariat (■) Directorate-General for the Foreign Service (■) Directorate-General for Consular Affairs (■) General Secretariat for Foreign Policy (■) Directorate-General for Political Affairs (est. 12 Sep 1993) (■) Directorate-General for Foreign Policy for Europe (■) Directorate-General for Foreign Policy for Ibero-America (■) Directorate-General for Foreign Policy for North America and Asia (■) Directorate-General for Foreign Policy for Africa and the Middle East (■) Directorate-General for International Organizations and Conferences (■) Directorate-General for International Affairs of Security and Disarmament (■) Service for Protocol, Chancery and Orders–First Introducer of Ambassadors (■) Directorate-General of the Office for Diplomatic Information
Ministry of Justice
Ministry of Justice (Ministerio de Justicia) (until 6 May 1994) Ministry of Justice and Interior (Ministerio de Justicia e Interior) (from 6 May 1994)		Juan Alberto Belloch	14 July 1993	6 May 1996		Independent	[67] [68] [69] [70] [71]
	27 July 1993 – 15 May 1994 (■) State Secretariat for Penitentiary Affairs (■) Directorate-General for Penitentiary Institutions (■) Directorate-General for Penitentiary Administration (■) Undersecretariat of Justice (■) Technical General Secretariat (■) Directorate-General for Services (■) Directorate-General for Relations with the Administration of Justice (■) Directorate-General for Religious Affairs and Conscientious Objection (disest. 20 Mar 1994) (■) Directorate-General for Religious Affairs (est. 20 Mar 1994) (■) Directorate-General for Registries and Notaries (■) Directorate-General of the State Legal Service (■) Directorate-General for Conscientious Objection (est. 20 Mar 1994)
Ministry of Defence
Ministry of Defence (Ministerio de Defensa)		Julián García Vargas	14 July 1993	2 July 1995 (resigned)[lower-alpha 4]		PSOE
		Gustavo Suárez Pertierra	3 July 1995	6 May 1996		PSOE
Ministry of Economy and Finance
Ministry of Economy and Finance (Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda)		Pedro Solbes	14 July 1993	6 May 1996		Independent
Ministry of the Interior
Ministry of the Interior (Ministerio del Interior) (until 6 May 1994)		José Luis Corcuera	14 July 1993	24 November 1993 (resigned)		PSOE	[72]
		Antoni Asunción	25 November 1993	4 May 1994 (resigned)		PSOE
Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Environment
Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Environment (Ministerio de Obras Públicas, Transportes y Medio Ambiente)		Josep Borrell	14 July 1993	6 May 1996		PSOE
Ministry of Education and Science
Ministry of Education and Science (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia)		Gustavo Suárez Pertierra	14 July 1993	3 July 1995		PSOE	[73]
		Jerónimo Saavedra	3 July 1995	6 May 1996		PSOE
	(●) High Council for Sports (■) President's Office of the High Council for Sports (■) Directorate-General for Sports (■) Directorate-General for Sports Infrastructure and Services
Ministry of Labour and Social Security
Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social)		José Antonio Griñán	14 July 1993	6 May 1996		PSOE	[74] [75] [76]
	14 July 1993 – 11 May 1996 (■) Undersecretariat of Labour and Social Security (■) Technical General Secretariat (■) Directorate-General for Services (■) Directorate-General for Personnel (■) Directorate-General for Labour and Social Security Inspection (■) Directorate-General for Informatics and Statistics (■) General Secretariat for Employment and Labour Relations (■) Directorate-General for Labour (■) Directorate-General for Employment (■) General Secretariat for Social Security (■) Directorate-General for Economic Planning and Management of the Social Security (■) Directorate-General for Legal Planning and Collaborating Entities of the Social Security (■) Office of the Comptroller General of the Social Security
Ministry of Industry and Energy
Ministry of Industry and Energy (Ministerio de Industria y Energía)		Juan Manuel Eguiagaray	14 July 1993	6 May 1996		PSOE
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación)		Vicente Albero	14 July 1993	4 May 1994 (resigned)		PSOE
		Luis María Atienza	6 May 1994	6 May 1996		PSOE
Ministry of the Presidency
Ministry of the Presidency (Ministerio de la Presidencia)		Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba	14 July 1993	6 May 1996		PSOE	[77] [78] [79]
	14 July – 6 September 1993 (■) Undersecretariat of Relations with the Cortes and the Government Secretariat (■) Undersecretariat of the Spokesperson of the Government (■) Technical Directorate-General and for Services (■) Directorate-General for Information Relations (■) Directorate-General for Information Cooperation (■) General Secretariat for Coordination and Services of the Prime Minister's Office (■) Chief of Protocol of the State (■) Chief of Protocol of the Prime Minister's Office (■) Chief of Operational Resources of the Prime Minister's Office (■) Chief of Security of the Prime Minister's Office (■) Directorate-General for Relations with the Cortes (■) Directorate-General for Monitoring of Parliamentary Initiatives (■) Directorate-General of the Government Secretariat (■) Technical General Secretariat (■) Directorate-General for Services 6 September 1993 – 8 May 1996 (■) Undersecretariat of the Presidency (■) Chief of Protocol of the State (■) Chief of Protocol of the Prime Minister's Office (■) Directorate-General of the Government Secretariat (■) Technical General Secretariat (■) Directorate-General for Services (■) Chief of Security of the Prime Minister's Office (■) General Secretariat of Relations with the Cortes (■) Directorate-General for Relations with the Congress of Deputies (■) Directorate-General for Relations with the Senate (■) General Secretariat of the Spokesperson of the Government (■) Directorate-General for Information Relations (disest. 6 Aug 1994) (■) Directorate-General for Communication (est. 6 Aug 1994) (■) Directorate-General for Information Cooperation
Ministry for Public Administrations
Ministry for Public Administrations (Ministerio para las Administraciones Públicas)		Jerónimo Saavedra	14 July 1993	3 July 1995		PSOE
		Joan Lerma	3 July 1995	6 May 1996		PSOE
Ministry of Culture
Ministry of Culture (Ministerio de Cultura)		Carmen Alborch	14 July 1993	6 May 1996		Independent	[80] [81] [82]
	23 July 1988 – 21 October 1993 (■) Undersecretariat of Culture (■) Technical General Secretariat (■) Directorate-General for Fine Arts and Archives (■) Directorate-General for Books and Libraries (■) Directorate-General for Cultural Cooperation 21 October 1993 – 11 May 1996 (■) Undersecretariat of Culture (■) Directorate-General for Services (■) Technical General Secretariat (■) Directorate-General for Fine Arts and Archives (disest. 21 Oct 1994) (■) Directorate-General for Books and Libraries (disest. 21 Oct 1994) (■) Directorate-General for Fine Arts and Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (est. 21 Oct 1994) (■) Directorate-General for Books, Archives and Libraries (est. 21 Oct 1994) (■) Directorate-General for Cultural Cooperation
Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs
Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs (Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo)		Ángeles Amador	14 July 1993	6 May 1996		Independent
Ministry of Social Affairs
Ministry of Social Affairs (Ministerio de Asuntos Sociales)		Cristina Alberdi	14 July 1993	6 May 1996		PSOE (Independent until 11 October 1995)	[80] [83] [84] [85]
	14 July – 5 December 1993 (■) Undersecretariat of Social Affairs (■) Technical Directorate-General and for Services (■) Directorate-General for Social Action (■) Directorate-General for the Legal Protection of Minors (■) Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs (■) Directorate-General for Migration 5 December 1993 – 11 May 1996 (■) Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs (■) Directorate-General for the National Plan on Drugs (■) Undersecretariat of Social Affairs (■) Technical General Secretariat (■) Directorate-General for Services (■) Directorate-General for Social Action (■) Directorate-General for the Legal Protection of Minors (disest. 4 Dec 1994) (■) Directorate-General for Minors and Family (est. 4 Dec 1994) (■) Directorate-General for Migration
Ministry of Trade and Tourism
Ministry of Trade and Tourism (Ministerio de Comercio y Turismo)		Javier Gómez-Navarro	14 July 1993	6 May 1996		Independent
Spokesperson of the Government
Spokesperson of the Government (Portavoz del Gobierno)		Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba	14 July 1993	6 May 1996		PSOE	[46]

Notes

1. Does not include the Prime Minister.
2. Joined the PSOE in October 1995.[47]
3. The Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of the Interior were restructured and merged into the newly-established Ministry of Justice and Interior on 6 May 1994.
4. Narcís Serra and Julián García Vargas tendered their resignations respectively as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence on 13 June 1995, which were accepted by Felipe González on 28 June and formalized on 2 July.[32][61]

References

1. Díez, Anabel; Rodríguez Aizpeolea, Luis (10 July 1993). "González anuncia una gran renovación del Gobierno". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
2. Ruiz de Azúa, Victorino (19 July 1993). "El club de los 'ex'". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
3. Rodríguez Aizpeolea, Luis; Díez, Anabel (13 July 1993). "Felipe González cambia la mitad de su Gobierno". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
4. "González: "Este es el Gobierno de la legislatura"". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. 15 July 1993. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
5. Díez, Anabel; Rodríguez Aizpeolea, Luis (18 July 1993). "Alejados del frente de batalla". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
6. Díez, Anabel; Rodríguez Aizpeolea, Luis (11 July 1993). "González confirma que tendrá sólo un vicepresidente". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
7. Díez, Anabel (26 October 1995). "La oposición devuelve los Presupuestos y exige elecciones". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
8. Valdecantos, Camilo (26 October 1995). "Aznar pide ayuda a Pujol para derribar al Gobierno". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
9. Díez, Anabel (27 December 1995). "González comunicará mañana al Consejo de Ministros que las elecciones serán el 3 de marzo". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
10. "Real Decreto 439/1996, de 4 de marzo, por el que se declara el cese de don Felipe González Márquez como Presidente del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (56): 8712. 5 March 1996. ISSN 0212-033X.
11. "Real Decreto 440/1996, de 4 de marzo, por el que se declara el cese de los miembros del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (56): 8712. 5 March 1996. ISSN 0212-033X.
12. "Congreso de los Diputados: Votaciones más importantes". historiaelectoral.com (in Spanish). Electoral History. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
13. Valdecantos, Camilo (18 November 1993). "El ministro mantiene su compromiso de dimitir". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
14. González Ibañez, Juan; De la Cuadra, Bonifacio; Díez, Anabel (19 November 1993). "Corcuera comunica a González su decisión de dimitir". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
15. "Corcuera se despide afirmando que 'su' ley es buena". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. 24 November 1993. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
16. Rivas, Javier (24 November 1993). "El tanque popular del Gobierno del PSOE". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
17. "Real Decreto 2065/1993, de 24 de noviembre, por el que se dispone el cese de don José Luis Corcuera Cuesta como Ministro del Interior" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (282): 33260. 25 November 1993. ISSN 0212-033X.
18. Rodríguez Aizpeolea, Luis (23 November 1993). "Asunción sustituye a Corcuera como titular del Ministerio del Interior". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
19. "Asunción sustituye a Corcuera como titular del Ministerio del Interior". El País (in Spanish). 24 November 1993. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
20. Rodríguez Aizpeolea, Luis; Díez, Anabel (6 May 1994). "González no se va por "responsabilidad" política". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
21. Duva, Jesús (1 May 1994). "La fuga de Roldán obliga a Asunción a dimitir". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
22. Duva, Jesús; González, Miguel (3 May 1994). "La dimisión de Asunción es irrevocable y arrastrará a altos cargos de Interior". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
23. Duva, Jesús; Valdecantos, Camilo (5 May 1994). "Asunción se va sin explicar al Parlamento la fuga de Roldán". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
24. Rivera, Jorge (5 May 1994). "Albero se va para "dañar lo menos posible al Gobierno"". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
25. Díez, Anabel; Rodríguez Aizpeolea, Luis (5 May 1994). "La corrupción rompe el Gobierno de González". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
26. "Fallece Antoni Asunción". Levante-EMV (in Spanish). 5 March 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
27. Duva, Jesús (11 May 1994). "Belloch unificará parte de la estructura del Ministerio de Justicia e Interior". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
28. Nash, Elizabeth (22 June 1995). "Bugging scandal threatens Gonzalez". The Independent. Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
29. "Serra presentó su dimisión el martes". El País (in Spanish). 18 June 1995. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
30. "Real Decreto 1100/1995, de 2 de julio, por el que se dispone el cese de don Narcís Serra i Serra como Vicepresidente del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (157): 20232. 3 July 1995. ISSN 0212-033X.
31. "Real Decreto 1101/1995, de 2 de julio, por el que se dispone el cese de don Julián García Vargas como Ministro de Defensa" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (157): 20232. 3 July 1995. ISSN 0212-033X.
32. "González da por cerrada la crisis con la dimisión de Serra y García Vargas". El País (in Spanish). 29 June 1995. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
33. Rodríguez Aizpeolea, Luis; Díez, Anabel (29 June 1995). "Unos relevos de larga digestión". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
34. "16 días en el disparadero". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. 29 June 1995. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
35. "González anuncia una inminente decisión sobre el cambio de Gobierno". El País (in Spanish). 26 June 1995. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
36. Díez, Anabel (27 June 1995). "González se plantea aprovechar las dimisiones de Serra y García Vargas para hacer una crisis amplia". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
37. "González lanza un mensaje de elecciones anticipadas con una crisis mínima". El País (in Spanish). 1 July 1995. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
38. Vidal-Folch, Xavier (2 December 1995). "Solana se alza con la secretaría general de la OTAN". El País (in Spanish). Bruselas. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
39. Cembrero, Ignacio (19 December 1995). "González nombra a Westendorp ministro de Exteriores, en contra de la opinión de Solana". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
40. "Real Decreto 1173/1993, de 13 de julio, de Reestructuración de Departamentos ministeriales" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (167): 21205–21206. 14 July 1993. ISSN 0212-033X.
41. "Real Decreto 907/1994, de 5 de mayo, de reestructuración de departamentos ministeriales" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (108): 13932. 6 May 1994. ISSN 0212-033X.
42. "Gobiernos por legislaturas. V Legislatura". lamoncloa.gob.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 June 2018.
43. "Real Decreto 1106/1993, de 9 de julio, por el que se nombra Presidente del Gobierno a don Felipe González Márquez" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (164): 20893. 10 July 1993. ISSN 0212-033X.
44. "Real Decreto 1174/1993, de 13 de julio, por el que se nombra Vicepresidente del Gobierno a don Narcís Serra i Serra" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (167): 21211. 14 July 1993. ISSN 0212-033X.
45. "Real Decreto 1175/1993, de 13 de julio, por el que se nombran Ministros del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (167): 21211. 14 July 1993. ISSN 0212-033X.
46. "Pérez Rubalcaba promete un "nuevo estilo" de hacer política basado en el diálogo". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. 17 July 1993. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
47. "Cristina Alberdi ya tiene carné del PSOE". El País (in Spanish). 12 October 1995. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
48. "Real Decreto 2066/1993, de 24 de noviembre, por el que se nombra Ministro del Interior a don Antoni Asunción Hernández" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (282): 33260. 25 November 1993. ISSN 0212-033X.
49. "Real Decreto 911/1994, de 5 de mayo, por el que se nombra Ministro de Justicia e Interior a don Juan Alberto Belloch Julbe" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (108): 13946. 6 May 1994. ISSN 0212-033X.
50. "Real Decreto 912/1994, de 5 de mayo, por el que se nombra Ministro de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación a don Luis María Atienza Serna" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (108): 13946. 6 May 1994. ISSN 0212-033X.
51. "Real Decreto 1100/1995, de 2 de julio, por el que se dispone el cese de don Narcís Serra i Serra como Vicepresidente del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (157): 20232. 3 July 1995. ISSN 0212-033X.
52. "Real Decreto 1455/1995, de 1 de septiembre, sobre suplencia del Presidente del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (210): 26875. 1 September 1995. ISSN 0212-033X.
53. "Real Decreto 1104/1995, de 2 de julio, por el que se nombra Ministro de Defensa a don Gustavo Suárez Pertierra" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (157): 20232. 3 July 1995. ISSN 0212-033X.
54. "Real Decreto 1104/1995, de 2 de julio, por el que se nombra Ministro de Defensa a don Gustavo Suárez Pertierra" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (157): 20232. 3 July 1995. ISSN 0212-033X.
55. "Real Decreto 1106/1995, de 2 de julio, por el que se nombra Ministro para las Administraciones Públicas a don Juan Lerma Blasco" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (157): 20232. 3 July 1995. ISSN 0212-033X.
56. "Real Decreto 2019/1995, de 18 de diciembre, por el que se nombra Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores a don Carlos Westendorp y Cabeza" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (302): 36271. 19 December 1995. ISSN 0212-033X.
57. "Real Decreto 3773/1982, de 22 de diciembre, por el que se determina la estructura orgánica de la Presidencia del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (308): 35340–35342. 24 December 1982. ISSN 0212-033X.
58. "Real Decreto 163/1987, de 6 de febrero, por el que se crea la Dirección de Infraestructura y Seguimiento para Situaciones de Crisis" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (33): 3818. 7 February 1987. ISSN 0212-033X.
59. "Real Decreto 1481/1989, de 15 de diciembre, por el que se modifica parcialmente el Real Decreto 3773/1982, de 22 de diciembre, por el que se determina la estructura orgánica de la Presidencia del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (301): 39065. 16 December 1989. ISSN 0212-033X.
60. "Real Decreto 1177/1993, de 20 de julio, por el que se nombra Secretaria general de la Presidencia a doña Rosa Conde Gutiérrez del Alamo, con rango de Secretario de Estado" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (173): 22262. 21 July 1993. ISSN 0212-033X.
61. Rodríguez Aizpeolea, Luis (2 July 1995). "Los destinos de Serra y García Vargas". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
62. "Real Decreto 1331/1995, de 28 de julio, por el que se dispone el cese de don José Enrique Serrano Martínez como Secretario general de la Vicepresidencia del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (181): 23390. 31 July 1995. ISSN 0212-033X.
63. "Real Decreto 1485/1985, de 28 de agosto, por el que se determina la estructura orgánica básica del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y se suprime determinado Organismo autónomo del Departamento" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (207): 27273–27276. 29 August 1985. ISSN 0212-033X.
64. "Real Decreto 1527/1988, de 11 de noviembre, por el que se reestructura la Secretaría de Estado para la Cooperación Internacional y para Iberoamérica, con refundición de los Organismos autónomos adscritos a la misma" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (307): 35998–36003. 23 December 1988. ISSN 0212-033X.
65. "Real Decreto 1574/1993, de 10 de septiembre, por el que se modifican parcialmente los Reales Decretos 1485/1985, de 28 de agosto, y 1527/1988, de 11 de noviembre, sobre estructura orgánica básica del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (218): 26845–26847. 11 September 1993. ISSN 0212-033X.
66. "Real Decreto 2077/1995, de 22 de diciembre, por el que se modifican los Reales Decretos 1485/1985, de 28 de agosto, por el que se determina la estructura orgánica básica del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y se suprime determinado organismo autónomo del Departamento; 1567/1985, de 2 de septiembre, por el que se crea la Comisión Interministerial para Asuntos Económicos relacionados con las Comunidades Europeas; 1568/1985, de 2 de septiembre, sobre modificación de la Comisión Delegada del Gobierno para Asuntos Económicos, y 260/1986, de 17 de enero, por el que se crea la representación permanente de España ante las Comunidades Europeas" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (306): 36797–36799. 23 December 1995. ISSN 0212-033X.
67. "Real Decreto 10/1991, de 11 de enero, por el que se determina la estructura orgánica del Ministerio de Justicia" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (14): 1448–1453. 16 January 1991. ISSN 0212-033X.
68. "Real Decreto 1231/1993, de 23 de julio, por el que se modifica determinados preceptos del Real Decreto 10/1991, de 11 de enero, por el que se establece la estructura orgánica del Ministerio de Justicia" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (178): 22877–22878. 27 July 1993. ISSN 0212-033X.
69. "Real Decreto 494/1994, de 17 de marzo, por el que se crea la Dirección General de Objeción de Conciencia y se modifica el Real Decreto 10/1991, de 11 de enero, por el que se determina la estructura orgánica del Ministerio de Justicia" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (67): 9152–9153. 19 March 1994. ISSN 0212-033X.
70. "Real Decreto 973/1994, de 13 de mayo, por el que se crea en el Ministerio de Justicia e Interior la Secretaría de Estado de Justicia, la Secretaría de Estado de Interior y la Subsecretaría de Justicia e Interior" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (115): 14893–14894. 14 May 1994. ISSN 0212-033X.
71. "Real Decreto 1334/1994, de 20 de junio, de estructura basica, del Ministerio de Justicia e Interior" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (150): 20214–20231. 24 June 1994. ISSN 0212-033X.
72. "Real Decreto 1056/1994, de 20 de mayo, por el que se suprime la Subsecretaría del Ministerio del Interior" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (121): 15770–15771. 21 May 1994. ISSN 0212-033X.
73. "Real Decreto 765/1992, de 26 de junio, de estructura orgánica básica del Consejo Superior de Deportes" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (171): 24731–24734. 17 July 1992. ISSN 0212-033X.
74. "Real Decreto 530/1985, de 8 de abril, por el que se determina la estructura orgánica básica del Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social y se suprimen determinados Organismos autónomos del Departamento" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (98): 11211–11218. 24 April 1985. ISSN 0212-033X.
75. "Real Decreto 1619/1990, de 30 de noviembre, por el que se modifica la estructura básica y competencias de los Centros Directivos y de determinados Organismos dependientes de la Secretaría General para la Seguridad Social" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (303): 37859–37861. 19 December 1990. ISSN 0212-033X.
76. "Real Decreto 1458/1991, de 11 de octubre, por el que se crea la Dirección General de Migraciones del Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (245): 33131. 12 October 1991. ISSN 0212-033X.
77. • "Real Decreto 2101/1983, de 4 de agosto, por el que se crea la Jefatura de Protocolo del Estado" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (188): 21932–21933. 8 August 1983. ISSN 0212-033X.
    • "Real Decreto 138/1987, de 30 de enero, por el que se crea la Jefatura de Protocolo de la Presidencia del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (27): 3044. 31 January 1987. ISSN 0212-033X.
    • "Real Decreto 139/1987, de 30 de enero, por el que se reestructura la Jefatura de Seguridad de la Presidencia del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (27): 3044. 31 January 1987. ISSN 0212-033X.
    • "Real Decreto 984/1987, de 24 de julio, por el que se determina la estructura orgánica básica del Ministerio de Relaciones con las Cortes y de la Secretaría del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (181): 23350–23353. 30 July 1987. ISSN 0212-033X.
    • "Real Decreto 834/1988, de 29 de julio, por el que se determina la estructura orgánica inicial del Ministerio del Portavoz del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (182): 23561–23562. 30 July 1988. ISSN 0212-033X.
    • "Real Decreto 716/1991, de 3 de mayo, por el que se crea la Secretaría General de Coordinación y Servicios de la Presidencia del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (109): 14260. 7 May 1991. ISSN 0212-033X.}}
78. "Real Decreto 1486/1993, de 3 de septiembre, por el que se determina la estructura orgánica básica del Ministerio de la Presidencia" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (213): 26301–26308. 6 September 1993. ISSN 0212-033X.
79. "Real Decreto 1779/1994, de 5 de agosto, por el que se modifica el Real Decreto 1486/1993, de 3 de septiembre, por el que se determina la estructura orgánica básica del Ministerio de la Presidencia" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (187): 25428–25429. 6 August 1994. ISSN 0212-033X.
80. "Real Decreto 565/1985, de 24 de abril, por el que se establece la estructura orgánica básica del Ministerio de Cultura y de sus Organismos autónomos" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (103): 11986–11994. 30 April 1985. ISSN 0212-033X.
81. "Real Decreto 1816/1993, de 18 de octubre, por el que se modifican determinados artículos del Real Decreto 565/1985, de 24 de abril, por el que se establece la estructura orgánica básica del Ministerio de Cultura y de sus Organismos autónomos" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (251): 29561–29564. 20 October 1993. ISSN 0212-033X.
82. "Real Decreto 2045/1994, de 14 de octubre, por el que se establece la estructura orgánica básica del Ministerio de Cultura" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (251): 32854–32858. 20 October 1994. ISSN 0212-033X.
83. "Real Decreto 791/1988, de 20 de julio, por el que se determina la estructura orgánica inicial del Ministerio de Asuntos Sociales" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (176): 22769–22771. 23 July 1988. ISSN 0212-033X.
84. "Real Decreto 2124/1993, de 3 de diciembre, por el que se modifica la estructura orgánica del Ministerio de Asuntos Sociales" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (290): 34664–34666. 4 December 1993. ISSN 0212-033X.
85. "Real Decreto 2309/1994, de 2 de diciembre, por el que se modifica la denominación de la Dirección General de Protección Jurídica del Menor y se determinan sus competencias" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (289): 37048–37049. 3 December 1994. ISSN 0212-033X.

External links

• Governments. Juan Carlos I (20.11.1975 ...). CCHS-CSIC (in Spanish).
• Governments of Spain 1982–1996. Ministers of Felipe González. Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish).
• The governments of the first period of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (1982–1996). Lluís Belenes i Rodríguez History Page (in Spanish).