Ministry of Industry (Spain)

The Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism (MINCOTUR) is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for the proposal and execution of the government policy on industry, trade and tourism, including among its competences the industrial development and of the SMEs, the promotion and defense of the industrial property, the commercial policy of internationalization and of investments and external transactions, as well as the politics of tourism and the rest of competences and attributions that the legal system attributes to it. Likewise, in coordination with the Foreign Ministry is responsible for the international cooperation on this matters.[3]

Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo

The current headquarters in the Nuevos Ministerios complex.
Agency overview
Formed12 June 1933 (1933-06-12) (as Ministry of Industry and Trade)
7 June 2018 (as Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism)
Preceding agency
TypeMinistry
JurisdictionSpanish government
Headquarters160 Paseo de la Castellana
Madrid, Spain
Employees3,133 (2019)[1]
Annual budget€ 5 billion, 2021[2]
Minister responsible
Agency executives
  • Xiana Margarida Méndez Bértolo, Secretary of State for Trade
  • Isabel María Oliver, Secretary of State for Tourism
  • Raül Blanco Díaz, Secretary General for Industry and SMEs
Child agencies
WebsiteMinistry of Industry, Trade and Tourism(in Spanish)

The Industry Ministry, along with the Defence Ministry, has an important presence in the military industry. The MINCOTUR supervises the imports and exports of military materials through the Interministerial Regulatory Board on Foreign Trade of Defense Material and Dual Purpose (JIMDDU) of the Secretariat of State for Trade.[4] Likewise, the Ministry of Industry regularly grants loans to state-owned enterprises for the promotion of this industry and the realization of military projects.[5][6]

The MINCOTUR is headed by the Minister of Industry, Trade and Tourism, who is appointed by the Monarch at request of the Prime Minister, after hearing the Council of Ministers. The Minister, currently the economist Reyes Maroto, is assisted by four main officials, the Secretary of State for Tourism, the Secretary of State for Trade, the Secretary General for Industry and Small and Medium Enterprises and the Under Secretary of Industry, Trade and Tourism.

History

Early period

Government action in the field of Industry within the historical limits of Spanish constitutionalism, can be traced to the early 19th century. In 9 November 1832 the Ministry of Development was created and among other responsibilities, it had the domestic and foreign trade; industry, arts, crafts and manufactures.[7]

The linkage of the industry to the Development Ministry was maintained until 1922. Even during the period 1900–1905, the Department was named Agriculture, Industry, Trade and Public Works. On the other hand, in 1910 the Directorate-General for Trade, Industry and Labour was created. Between 1922 and 1928 the newly created the Ministry of Labour assumed the powers over Industry and Commerce[8] and in 1928 the new Ministry of National Economy assumed this responsibility until 1931, during the Second Spanish Republic, when the responsibilities were assumed by the Ministry of Agriculture.

Late period
José Franchy y Roca, first Minister of Industry in 1933.

However, the real creation of the ministry as an independent one was in 1933. This year, during the premiership of Manuel Azaña, the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Trade split in two and the responsibilities on industry and commerce were transferred to the new Ministry of Industry and Trade.[9] This ministry was structured through three departments: the Directorate-General for Industry, the Directorate-General for Trade and the Directorate-General for Mines and Fuel.[9]

This structure was maintained until 1951 when because of the growth of the commercial activity, in which —according to the dictator— made inexcusable a greater attention of the States, especially in its two most important aspects, of supplies and foreign currency, reached such extension that completely absorbed the activity of one Ministry, given the dimensions and complexity of the problems in which the Administration was obliged to intervene; and the industrial development of Spain and the forced promotion of mining and production of energy and basic materials, contained in itself more than enough field to absorb all the activities of a single ministerial department, forced the government to split the Ministry of Industry and Trade in two.[10]

Since the approval of the Constitution in 1978, the Industry Ministry was renamed Ministry of Industry and Energy with responsibilities on the industrial and energy policies and, since 1988, for the first time, it assumed competences over technological development and innovation because of «the accession of Spain to the Treaty of Rome and the measures of application of the Single European Act » which required «an effort to increase the competitiveness of Spanish industry». Also, the Government considered necessary for "emphasize those elements that will determine the competitive position of industrial companies in the immediate future: the development and application of new technologies in the industry, and care for design and product quality industrial".[11]

Reyes Maroto, current Industry Minister.

In 2000 the Ministry was suppressed and its components were divided between the Ministry of Economy (mining and energy) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (industry and technology). This last Ministry, considered the direct successor, in words of its minister Anna Birulés in her speech before Congress in 21 June 2000 «the Department is responsible for the challenge but also the opportunity to make the decisive process of promoting the culture of innovation in our country a reality in the time horizon of this legislature». This was reverted in 2004 when the new government recovered the Ministry but not only with the industrial responsibilities but with its historical trade responsibilities and tourism and telecoms ones.[12]

In 2012, the ministry lost again its trade responsibilities that were assumed by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Again in 2016, the ministry lost its autonomy after being merged in the Economy Ministry and the responsibilities on energy, telecoms and tourism got their own ministry.[13]

The new Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez recovered the Ministry in 2018[14] with competencies on industrial affairs, trade and tourism sector. However, the telecoms powers remained in the Ministry of Economy and, for the first time, the recovered Ministry of Environment (renamed for the Ecological Transition) assumed the powers on energy.[15]

Organization chart

The current structure of the Ministry is the following:[16]

  • The Secretariat of State for Trade
    • The Directorate-General for International Trade and Investments
    • The Directorate-General for Commercial Policy
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for Internationalization Strategy
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for Studies and Evaluation of Commercial Policy Instruments
  • The Secretariat of State for Tourism
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for Tourism Cooperation and Competitiveness
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for Tourism Development and Sustainability
    • The Division for Information Analysis and Evaluation of Tourism Policies.
  • The General Secretariat for Industry and Small and Medium Enterprises
    • The Directorate-General for Industry and Small and Medium Enterprises
  • The Undersecretariat of Industry, Trade and Tourism
    • The Tecnhical General Secretariat
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for the Administrative Office and Financial Administration
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for Information and Communication Technologies
    • The Budget Office.
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for the General Inspectorate of Services and Relationship with Citizens
    • The Deputy Directorate-General for Planning

List of Industry Ministers
  • Regency of Maria Christina of Austria (1885–1902)
    • (April 1900 – October 1900) Rafael Gasset Chinchilla (14).
    • (October 1900 – June 1901) Joaquín Sánchez de Toca Calvo (14).
    • (June 1901 – March 1902) Miguel Villanueva (14).
  • Reign of Alfonso XIII (1902–1931)
    • (March 1902 – May 1902) José Canalejas (14).
    • (May 1902 – November 1902) Félix Súarez Inclán (14).
    • (November 1902 – December 1902) Amós Salvador Rodrigáñez (14).
    • (December 1902 – July 1903) Francisco Javier González de Castejón y Elío (14).
    • (July 1903 – December 1903) Rafael Gasset Chinchilla (14).
    • (December 1903 – December 1904) Manuel Allendesalazar y Muñoz de Salazar (14).
    • (December 1904 – December 1904) Juan Armada y Losada (14).
    • (December 1904 – January 1905) José de Cardenas Uriarte (14).
    • (January 1905 – October 1905) Alvaro Figueroa y Torres (14).
    • (September 1918 – December 1918) Juan Ventosa (15).
    • (December 1918 – February 1919) Baldomero Argente (15).
    • (February 1919 – April 1919) Leonardo Rodríguez Díaz (15).
    • (April 1919 – July 1919) José Maestre Pérez (15).
    • (July 1919 – September 1919) Carlos Cañal (15).
    • (September 1919 – December 1919) Fernando Sartórius (15).
    • (December 1919 – May 1920) Francisco Terán Morales (15).
    • (3/ 1922 – December 1922) Abilio Calderón Rojo (16).
    • (December 1922 – September 1923) Joaquín Chapaprieta Torregrosa(16).
  • Dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923–1931)
    • (September 1923 – December 1923) Alejandro García Martín (16).
    • (December 1923 – February 1924) Juan Flórez Posada (16).
    • (February 1924 – November 1928) Eduardo Aunós Pérez (16).
    • (November 1928 – January 1930) Francisco Moreno Zuleta (17).
    • (January 1930 – January 1930) Sebastián Castedo Palero (17).
    • (February 1930 – August 1930) Julio Wais San Martín (17).
    • (August 1930 – February 1931) Luis Rodríguez de Viguri (17).
    • (February 1931 – April 1931) Gabino Bugallal (17).
  • Second Republic (1931–1939)
    • (December 1931 – June 1933) Marcelino Domingo Sanjuán (13).
    • (June 1933 – September 1933) José Roca Franchy and (10).
    • (September 1933 – 10 1933) Laureano Gómez Paratcha (10).
    • (October 1933 – December 1933) Felix Gordon de Ordaz (10).
    • (December 1933 – April 1934) Ricardo Samper Ibáñez (10).
    • (April 1934 – October 1934) Vicente Iranzo Enguita (10).
    • (October 1934 – April 1935) Andres Orozco Batista (10).
    • (April 1935 – May 1935) Manuel Marraco Ramon (10).
    • (May 1935 – September 1935) Rafael Aizpún Santafé (10).
    • (September 1935 – October 1935) José Martínez de Velasco (12).
    • (October 1935 – December 1935) John Usabiaga Lasquivar (12).
    • (December 1935 – December 1935) Joaquín de Pablo-Blanco Torres (12).
    • (December 1935 – February 1936) José María Álvarez Mendizábal (November).
    • (February 1935 – September 1936) Plácido Alvarez-Buylla and Lozana (10).
    • (September 1936 – November 1936) Anastasio de Gracia Villarrubia (10).
    • (November 1936 – May 1937) Joan Peiro Belis (7).
    • (November 1936 – May 1937) Juan López Sánchez (8).
  • Franco (1936–1975)
    • (October 1936 – January 1938) Joaquín Bau (10).
    • (January 1938 – August 1939) Juan Antonio Suances (10).
    • (August 1939 – October 1940): Luis de Alarcón (10).
    • (October 1940 – July 1945) Demetrio Carceller Singh (10).
    • (July 1945 – July 1951) Juan Antonio Suances (10).
    • (July 1951 – July 1962) Joaquin Planell Riera (7).
    • (July 1951 – February 1957) Manuel Arburúa of Miyar (8).
    • (July 1951 – July 1962) Gabriel Arias-Salgado (9).
    • (February 1957 – July 1965) Alberto Ullastres (8).
    • (July 1962 – 10 1969) Gregorio López-Bravo (7).
    • (July 1962 – 10 1969) Manuel Fraga Iribarne (9).
    • (July 1965 – 10 1969) Faustino Garcia-Moncada Fernández (8).
    • (October 1969 – January 1974) José María López de Letona (7).
    • (October 1969 – June 1973) Enrique Fontana (8).
    • (October 1969 – June 1973) Alfredo Sanchez Bella (9).
    • (June 1973 – January 1974) Augustine Cotorruelo (8).
    • (June 1973 – January 1974) Lilian Fernando (9).
    • (January 1974 – March 1975) Alfredro Santos Blanco (7).
    • (January 1974 – March 1975) Nemesio Fernández Cuesta (8).
    • (January 1974 – March 1975) Pío Cabanillas Gallas (9).
    • (March 1975 – December 1975) Alfonso Álvarez Miranda (7).
    • (March 1975 – December 1975) José Luis Ceron Ayuso (8).
    • (March 1975 – December 1975) Herrera Esteban León (September).
  • Reign of Juan Carlos I
    • Preconstitutional Period
      • (December 1975 – July 1977) Carlos Pérez Bricio Olariaga (7).
      • (December 1975 – July 1976) Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo (8).
      • (December 1975 – July 1976) Adolfo Martín-Gamero (9).
      • (July 1976 – July 1977) José Lladó Fernández-Urrutia (8).
      • (July 1976 – July 1977) Andrés Guajardo Reguera (9).
    • Constituent Assembly (1977–1979)
    • I Legislature (1979–1982)
    • II Legislature (1982–1986)
    • III Legislature (1986–1989)
    • IV Legislature (1989–1993)
    • V Legislature (1993–1996)
      • (July 1993 – May 1996) Juan Manuel Eguiagaray, PSOE (3)
      • (July 1993 – May 1996) Javier Gomez-Navarro, PSOE (4)
    • VI Legislature (1996–2000)
    • Seventh Legislature (2000–2004)
      • (April 2000 – July 2002 Ana Birulés, PP (2)
      • (July 2002 – September 2003 Josep Piqué, PP (2)
      • (September 2003 – April 2004 Juan Costa Climent, PP (2)
    • VIII Legislature (2004–2008)
    • IX Legislature (2008–2011)
    • X Legislature (2011–2015)
    • XI Legislature (2015–2016)
      • (15 April 2016 – 4 November 2016): Luis de Guindos, PP (18) (Acting minister)
    • XII Legislature (2016–present)

Name
  • (1) Industry, Tourism and Trade.
  • (2) Science and Technology.
  • (3) Industry and Energy.
  • (4) Trade and Tourism.
  • (5) Industry, Trade and Tourism.
  • (6) Trade and Tourism.
  • (7) Industry.
  • (8) Trade.
  • (9) Information and Tourism.
  • (10) Industry and Trade.
  • (11) Industry, Commerce and Supplies.
  • (12) Industry, Commerce and Agriculture.
  • (13) Agriculture, Trade and Industry.
  • (14) Agriculture, Trade, Commerce and Public Works
  • (15) Supplies
  • (16) Work, Commerce and Industry
  • (17) National Economy
  • (18) Industry, Energy and Tourism
  • (19) Economy, Industry and Competitiveness
  • (20) Industry, Trade and Tourism

See also

Notes and references
  1. Ministry of Territorial Policy and Civil Service (2018). Statistical Bulletin of the personnel at the service of the Public Administrations (PDF). pp. 32 and 48.
  2. "2021 State Budget" (PDF). www.boe.es. 4 January 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  3. "Royal Decree 998/2018, of August 3, by which the basic organic structure of the Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Tourism is developed". boe.es. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  4. "Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo – Conceptos". www.comercio.gob.es. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  5. Infodefensa.com, Revista Defensa (30 November 2019). "El Gobierno aprueba un préstamo de 1.638 millones a Navantia para las F110 – Noticias Infodefensa España". Infodefensa.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  6. "Industria presta a Hispasat 750 millones para dos satélites gubernamentales". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 10 April 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  7. Barrero García, Ana María (2006). The administrative matter and its management in the reign of Fernando VII (PDF).
  8. Ortúñez Goicolea, Pedro Pablo (2011). Reducción de competencias, mantenimiento del gasto (1914–1936) (PDF) (in Spanish). University of Valladolid.
  9. "Decree providing that the current Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce is divided into two, which will be called Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Industry and Commerce, respectively" (PDF).
  10. "Decree-Law of July 19, 1951 by which the Central Administration of the State is reorganized" (PDF).
  11. "Royal Decree 1270/1988, of October 28, by which the basic organic structure of the Ministry of Industry and Energy is determined". www.boe.es. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  12. "Royal Decree 562/2004, of April 19, approving the basic organizational structure of the ministerial departments". boe.es. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  13. "Royal Decree 415/2016, of November 3, by which the ministerial departments are restructured". boe.es. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  14. "Royal Decree 355/2018, of June 6, by which the ministerial departments are restructured". boe.es. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  15. Barreira, Ana (3 July 2018). "Spain to lead the energy transition in Europe?". euractiv.com. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  16. "Royal Decree 139/2020, of January 28, which establishes the basic organic structure of the ministerial departments". boe.es. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
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