Chatham Village (Pittsburgh)

Chatham Village is a community within the larger Mount Washington neighborhood of the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and an internationally acclaimed model of community design. It is roughly bounded by Virginia Ave., Bigham St., Woodruff St., Saw Mill Run Blvd., and Olympia Rd. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2005 as a remarkably well-preserved example of Garden City Movement design. The village is owned and operated as a cooperative by its residents.[2][4]

Chatham Village Historic District
Some houses in the Chatham Village Historic District
LocationRoughly bounded by Virginia Ave., Bigham St., Woodruff St., Saw Mill Run Blvd., and Olympia Rd., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Coordinates40°25′52″N 80°1′1″W
Area46 acres (19 ha)
Built1932 to 1936
ArchitectClarence Stein and Henry Wright
Architectural styleGeorgian Colonial Revival, Classical Revival
NRHP reference No.98001372[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPNovember 25, 1998 [1]
Designated NHLDApril 5, 2005[2]
Designated PHLF1990[3]

History

Chatham Village was built 1932–1936, and was designed by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright on the principles of the Garden City Movement of the early 20th century. It is in the Georgian Colonial Revival style. It was built to show that affordable housing for the working class could be attractive and safe; however, it quickly became a middle- and upper-class neighborhood because it was so attractive. The funding was provided by Pittsburgh's Buhl Foundation.

Relevance

In 2007, Chatham Village was included in the American Planning Association's list of Great Neighborhoods as part of its Great Places in America program, which recognized 10 neighborhoods from across the nation for good design, function, sustainability, and community involvement.[5]

In The Death and Life of Great American Cities, writer Jane Jacobs criticizes Chatham Village as an example of how Garden City planning created islands of class homogeneity, thus fostering economic and social distance within Pittsburgh and other cities. Jacobs cites Chatham Village residents' inabilities to cooperate with other parents once their children entered the more economically and socially diverse local junior high school, which drew lower-class and lower-middle-class students from outside of Chatham Village. In Jacobs' view, the success of Chatham Village as an urban community in a park-like setting depended upon the residents' tendencies to trust one another due to the similarities in their professional, economic, and social status. The ideals of city planning expressed in the Garden City Movement, Jacobs argues, are only suitable for upper-middle-class lifestyles and, thus, fail to engage the endemic economic and social diversity of cities.[6]

The homes
View of the back of some homes (with deeply recessed garages) fronting on the street

The homes are red-brick-and-slate-roof townhomes. They are situated in clusters toward interior courtyards with their rears facing the loop roads around the property. The homes do have rear-access integral garages in the basements but these are recessed several feet to greatly reduce the visual impact.

The community is regarded as one of the best-preserved examples of the Garden City concept by city planners, architects, and landscape architects. It is also a National Historic Landmark, on the National Register of Historic Places, and is on the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks.

Chatham Hall
The Bigham House, built in 1849, now known as Chatham Hall

The complex includes the Bigham House (former home of Thomas Bigham), originally built in 1849, and renovated for use as a community clubhouse, known as Chatham Hall. Thomas James Bigham (1810–1884) was an abolitionist lawyer, and his house was "purportedly a station on the Underground Railroad".[7]

  • The garage side of some townhouses in Chatham Village
  • View of shared green space in front of some homes
  • A garage area for those whose townhouses don't have built-in garages
  • A castle-like wall around a parking area
  • A garden building with an overhead trellis around part of it

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. "Chatham Village". National Historic Landmark Quicklinks. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 14 December 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
  3. Historic Landmark Plaques 1968-2009 (PDF). Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation. 2010. Retrieved 2011-07-30.
  4. Edith B. Wallace and Paula S. Reed (December 12, 2003). National Register of Historic Places Registration: Chatham Village (pdf). National Park Service.
  5. "Neighborhood in Mt. Washington cited as one of nation's top 10". Pittsburgh Truibune-Review (October 3). 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-11-05. Retrieved 2008-11-05.
  6. Jane Jabobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Modern Library, 2001 [1961]), 83-85.
  7. African American historic sites survey of Allegheny County, Eliza Smith Brown, Daniel Holland, et al., page 173 (1994, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Brown, Eliza Smith (1994). African American Historic Sites Survey of Allegheny County. ISBN 0-89271-064-0.)


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