Timeline of longest spaceflights

Timeline of longest spaceflights is a chronology of the longest spaceflights. Many of the first flights set records measured in hours and days, the space station missions of the 1970s and 1980s pushed this to weeks and months, and by the 1990s the record was pushed to over a year and has remained there into the 21st century.

Cosmonaut Valeriy Polyakov looks out space station Mir's window during his 438-day flight in 1994-1995

A modern long-duration mission is the ISS year long mission (2015–2016) aboard the International Space Station. The most significant issue in such missions is the effects of spaceflight on the human body, due to such factors as zero-g and elevated radiation.

Record setting single-mission human stays

Duration (days)	Astronaut/Cosmonaut(s)	Mission(s)	Mission start	Flight up	Space Station	Flight down	Record achieved	Mission end	Record held (days)	Source	Notes
437.75	Valery Poliyakov	Mir EO‑15	January 8, 1994	Soyuz TM-18	Mir	Soyuz TM-20	January 9, 1995	March 22, 1995	9,498	[1]	Current record
365.94	Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov	Mir EO-3	December 21, 1987	Soyuz TM-4	Mir	Soyuz TM-6	November 11, 1988	December 21, 1988	2,250	[2]
326.48	Yuri Romanenko	Mir EO-2	February 5, 1987	Soyuz TM-2	Mir	Soyuz TM-3	September 30, 1987	December 29, 1987	408	[3]
236.95	Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov Oleg Atkov	Salyut 7 EO‑3	February 8, 1984	Soyuz T-10	Salyut 7	Soyuz T-11	September 6, 1984	October 2, 1984	1,119	[4]
211.38	Anatoli Berezovoy Valentin Lebedev	Salyut 7 EO‑1	May 13, 1982	Soyuz T-5	Salyut 7	Soyuz T-7	November 14, 1982	December 10, 1982	662	[5]
184.84	Leonid Popov Valery Ryumin	Salyut 6 EO‑4	April 9, 1980	Soyuz 35	Salyut 6	Soyuz 37	October 1, 1980	October 11, 1980	774	[6]
175.02	Vladimir Lyakhov Valery Ryumin	Salyut 6 EO‑3	February 25, 1979	Soyuz 32	Salyut 6	Soyuz 34	July 15, 1979	September 3, 1979	444	[6]
139.62	Vladimir Kovalyonok Aleksandr Ivanchenkov	Salyut 6 EO‑2	June 15, 1978	Soyuz 29	Salyut 6	Soyuz 31	September 20, 1978	November 2, 1978	298	[6]
96.42	Yuri Romanenko Georgi Grechko	Salyut 6 EO-1	December 10, 1977	Soyuz 26	Salyut 6	Soyuz 27	March 4, 1978	March 16, 1978	200	[7][8]
84.05	Gerald P. Carr Edward G. Gibson William R. Pogue	Skylab 4	November 16, 1973	SA‑208	Skylab	CSM‑118	January 15, 1974	February 8, 1974	1,509	[9]
59.46	Alan L. Bean Owen K. Garriott Jack R. Lousma	Skylab 3	July 28, 1973	SA‑207	Skylab	CSM‑117	August 25, 1973	September 25, 1973	143	[10][11]
28.03	Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr. Joseph P. Kerwin Paul J. Weitz	Skylab 2	May 25, 1973	SA‑206	Skylab	CSM‑116	June 17, 1973	June 22, 1973	69	[12][13]
23.32	Georgy Dobrovolsky Vladislav Volkov Viktor Patsayev	Soyuz 11	June 6, 1971	Soyuz 11	Salyut 1	Soyuz 11	June 23, 1971	June 29, 1971	725	[12]	All three crewmembers died on return to Earth. [14][15]
17.71	Andrian Nikolayev Vitali Sevastyanov	Soyuz 9	June 1, 1970	N/A	N/A	N/A	June 15, 1970	June 19, 1970	373	[16][17]	Soyuz 9 continues to hold the record for longest manned flight by a solo spacecraft.
13.77	Frank Borman Jim Lovell	Gemini 7	December 4, 1965	N/A	N/A	N/A	December 12, 1965	December 18, 1965	1,646	[16][18]
7.96	L. Gordon Cooper, Jr. Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr.	Gemini 5	August 21, 1965	N/A	N/A	N/A	August 26, 1965	August 29, 1965	108	[16][19][20]
4.96	Valery Bykovsky	Vostok 5	June 14, 1963	N/A	N/A	N/A	June 18, 1963	June 19, 1963	800	[21][22]
3.93	Andriyan Nikolayev	Vostok 3	August 11, 1962	N/A	N/A	N/A	August 12, 1962	August 15, 1962	310	[23][24]
1.05	Gherman Titov	Vostok 2	August 6, 1961	N/A	N/A	N/A	August 6, 1961	August 7, 1961	371	[23][25]
0.075	Yuri Gagarin	Vostok 1	April 12, 1961	N/A	N/A	N/A	April 12, 1961	April 12, 1961	116	[23][26]	First human spaceflight

References

1. Rex Hall & David Shayler (2003). Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft. Springer-Praxis. ISBN 978-1-85233-657-8.
2. Pearlman, Robert (26 March 2015). "One Year in Space: A History of Ultra-Long Missions Off Planet Earth". Space.com. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
3. Carroll, Michael (2015). Living Among Giants: Exploring and Settling the Outer Solar System. Springer. p. 195. ISBN 978-3319106731.
4. Pearlman, Robert (17 June 2010). "Cosmonaut Leonid Kizim, Who Visited 2 Space Stations in 1 Mission, Dies". Space.com. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
5. "Soviet-era cosmonaut Anatoly Berezovoy, commanded Salyut space station, dies". collectSpace. 20 Sep 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
6. Häuplik-Meusburger, Sandra (18 October 2011). Architecture for Astronauts: An Activity-based Approach. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9783709106679 – via Google Books.
7. Kerrod, Robin (14 June 2017). Space Stations. Gareth Stevens. ISBN 9780836857108 – via Google Books.
8. Pike, John. "Soyuz 26 and Soyuz 27". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
9. "Skylab Flight Summary". www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-04.
11. "Second crew on Skylab: Breaking all records - Sen.com". Retrieved 2017-01-04.
12. Time Magazine (12 July 1971). "Triumph and Tragedy of Soyuz 11". Time Magazine. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
13. "Skylab Mission 2". www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-04.
14. "Salyut 1: The First Space Station". Space.com. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
15. "The Soyuz 11 Decompression Accident: Death in Space". Space Safety Magazine. 2013-04-28. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
16. "ch9". history.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2017-02-03.
17. "Soyuz-9: New flight-duration record - Sen.com". Retrieved 2017-01-05.
18. "Gemini 7". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
19. Granath, Bob (3 August 2015). "Gemini V: Paving the Way for Long Duration Spaceflight".
20. "Gemini 5". www.astronautix.com.
21. "Astronautic World Records: Spacecraft with one astronaut – General category". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24.
22. "NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
23. "ch9". history.nasa.gov.
24. "Vostok 3". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
25. "Vostok 2". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
26. "The Most Extreme Human Spaceflight Records". Space.com. Retrieved 2017-01-05.

See also

• List of spaceflight records
• Manned Venus Flyby
• Skylab 4