Timeline of Oran

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Oran, Algeria.

Prior to 19th century

• 903 CE – Ouahran founded by Andalusian Umayyad traders (traditional date).[1]
• 13th century – Zayyanids in power.[2]
• 1492 – Spanish refugees flee to Oran (approximate date).[2]
• 1509 – City occupied by Spanish forces.[2]
• 1556 – Siege of Oran (1556) by Ottoman forces.
• 1563 – Sieges of Oran and Mers El Kébir by Ottoman forces.
• 1604 – Fort Santa Cruz built.
• 1669 – Jews expelled.[1]
• 1708 – Ottomans in power.[3]
• 1732 – Spanish in power.[3]
• 1738 – Population: 9,000.[1]
• 1785 – Population: 12,000.[1]
• 1790 – October 9: Earthquake.[3][4]
• 1791 – Ottomans occupy city.[3]
• 1792 – Mosquée du Bey Mohamed el-Kébir (mosque) built.
• 1794 – Plague outbreak.[1]
• 1796 – Hassan Pasha Mosque built.[1]

19th century

• 1831 – Pujol appointed mayor of Oran.
• 1836 – General Létang transforms the glacis Castle-Nine into a walk which bears its name.
• 1837 – General Bugeaud arrived in Oran to negotiate a new treaty (The Treaty of Tafna, May 20) with Emir Abd El-Kader. On November 14 the Emir signed a treaty with Desmichel recognizing its [whose?] authority to the west of Algiers except for Oran, Mostaganem and Arzew.
• 1845 – General Lamoricière constructed the "Village Nègre."
• 1847 – Following a severe drought lasting several months, a terrible epidemic of cholera strikes, decimating the population of Oran.
• 1848
  • Algiers-Oran railway begins operating.[1]
  • Oran becomes the prefecture of the administrative department of the same name.
  • Creation of the small Basin of the Old Port (four hectares).[1]
  • A civil hospital is built.
• 1849 – Cholera outbreak.[1]
• 1850 – Chapelle de Santa Cruz (church) construction begins atop Aïdour.
• 1858 – December 5: The members of the first general council of Oran, named by Emperor Napoleon III, meet with the prefecture, with Jules de Pre de Saint-Maur as chairman.
• 1862 – Slaughterhouse built.[1]
• 1866 – Roman Catholic Diocese of Oran established.[5]
• 1877 – University Hospital of Oran construction begins.
• 1878 – Société de Géographie et d’Archéologie d’Oran founded.[6]
• 1880
  • Great Synagogue of Oran built.[7]
  • Oran builds a great extension starting from the place d'Armes. The ravine of l'Oued Rouina is filled.
• 1881 – Horse-drawn tram begins operating.[1]
• 1885 – Municipal Museum of Oran and Demaeght established.
• 1886 – Hôtel de ville d'Oran (city hall) built.[8]
• 1899 – Electric tram begins operating.[1]
• 1900 – Population: 93,000.[1]

20th century

1900s–1940s

• 1907 – Construction of the theatre.
• 1909 – December 14: the first flight in Oran is carried out by Julien Serviès on a Sommer monoplane at Sénia,. Next 9 January, a great meeting gathers forty thousand people, also in Sénia, in the presence of Marshal Lyautey.
• 1912 – Population: 123,086.[9]
• 1913 – Cathedral Sacré Coeur built.
• 1928 – Oran socialiste newspaper begins publication.
• 1930 – Creation of new districts, less dense and more luxurious: these included higher Gambetta, Bon Reception, the Beavers, Médioni, Small Boulanger, Cité... This development continues overall with the creation of districts even more sumptuous, overflowing the first crown (district of Saint-Hubert, Palm trees, Point of the Day, Gambetta...)
• 1930–32 – Sénia, the Oran aérodrome, is where several world records of duration and distance in closed loop are established.
• 1936 – Population: 195,000.[1]
• 1940
  • Beginning of the construction of the new prefecture.
  • July 3: following the German invasion of Paris and fall of France, the British fleet attacked from Gibraltar, damaging the French fleet of the Atlantic based at Mers el Kébir. Its bombardment sank three battleships: Dunkerque, Provence and Bretagne. Twelve hundred French sailors died as a result. The British feared that the French fleet could be taken over and used against them. The Vichy government operated in Algeria.
• 1942 – November 8: as prelude to the invasion of Italy, the British and the Americans land at Arzew, and Oran capitulates on November 10.
• 1946 – MC Oran football club formed.
• 1947 – Camus' fictional novel The Plague published.[3]
• 1948 – Population: 244,594.[10]
• 1949 – OS attack post office.[11]

1950s–1990s

• 1950 – Oran has 256,661 inhabitants. Sixty-five percent of the Europeans were of Spanish origin, and they outnumbered the Algerian Muslims in the city.
• 1951 – Dairy built.[1]
• 1955 – Trefle Apartments (hi-rise) built.[12]
• 1957 – Parc Municipal des Sports (stadium) opens.
• 1958 – June 6: French president de Gaulle visits city.
• 1960
  • Resistance fighters put up their first barricades.
  • Palais des Sports Hamou Boutlélis (arena) opens.
• 1961
  • August: appearance of the Organisation armée secrète.
  • The census states the population of Oran 400,000 inhabitants: 220,000 Europeans (including many born in Algeria) and 180,000 Algerian Muslims.
• 1962
  • 25 March: Edmond Jouhaud, a chief of the Organisation armée secrète, arrested.
  • 5 July: City becomes part of independent Algeria.
  • 5–7 July: Massacre of Europeans occurs. Most survivors of French ancestry left the city, fleeing to France.
• 1965 – University of Oran established.[3]
• 1966 – Population: 327,493.[13]
• 1975 – Abdallah Ibn Salam Mosque established.
• 1977 – Population: 490,788 city; 543,485 urban agglomeration.[14]
• 1985 – Raï music festival held.[15]
• 1988 – 1988 October Riots.[11]
• 1992 – National Centre of Research in Social and Cultural Anthropology headquartered in Oran.
• 1994
  • Le Quotidien d'Oran newspaper begins publication.
  • 12 administrative urban areas created: El-Badr, Bouamama, El-Emir, El-Hamri, El-Houari, El-Makkari, El-Menzeh, Muhieddine, El-Othmania, Es-Saada, and Es-Seddikia.
• 1998 – Population: 705,335.[16]

21st century

• 2007 – Sonatrach HQ building constructed.[12]
• 2008
  • Bahia Center (hi-rise) built.[12]^(fr)
  • Population: 1,165,687.[17]
• 2013 – Oran Tramway begins operating.
• 2014 – Renault car manufactory begins operating.[18]
• 2017 – 6 additional administrative urban areas created: Akid Lotfi, Ed-Derb, Fellaoucène, Hammou Boutlélis, El-Khaldia, and Mahieddine.[19][20]
• 2021 – 2021 Mediterranean Games to be held in Oran.

See also

• Oran history
• History of Oran
• List of governors of Oran, 1509–1831 (Spanish and Ottoman periods)
• List of mayors of Oran, 1832–present (includes French period)
• History of the Jews in Oran
• Timelines of other cities in Algeria: Algiers
• Years in Algeria

References

1. Tinthoin 1956.
2. Stanley 2008.
3. Phillip C. Naylor (2006). Historical Dictionary of Algeria. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6480-1.
4. J.M. López Marinas; R. Salord (1991). "Problems regarding the investigation of the 1790 Orán seismic period". Tectonophysics. 193 (1–3): 237–239. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(91)90204-6.
5. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Algeria". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
6. Saddek Benkada (2000). "Un Patrimoine culturel: les publications de la Société de Géographie et d'Archéologie d'Oran (1878–1988)". Insaniyat (in French) (12): 115–128. doi:10.4000/insaniyat.7910. ISSN 2253-0738.
7. Senhadji Khiat 2010.
8. Seguy 1888.
9. "France: Africa: Algeria". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. pp. 880–886 – via Internet Archive.
10. "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
11. "Algeria". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. p. 1+. ISBN 978-0203409954.
12. "Tallest buildings in Oran". Emporis.com. Hamburg: Emporis GmbH. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
13. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
14. United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321.
15. Marc Schade-Poulsen (1999). Men and Popular Music in Algeria: The Social Significance of Raï. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-77740-8.
16. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2005. United Nations Statistics Division.
17. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016. Wahran
18. "Algeria Inaugurates New Renault Plant in Oran", New York Times, 10 November 2014
19. "AG extraordinaire aujourd'hui: L'APC d'Oran passera de 12 à 18 délégations communales", Le Quotidien d'Oran (in French), Oran, 16 January 2017
20. "APC d'Oran: Installation de nouveaux directeurs", Le Carrefour d'Algérie (in French), Oran, 6 February 2017

This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia and Spanish Wikipedia.

Bibliography

• Gerhard Rohlfs (1893). "Algier und Oran". Westermann's illustrierte deutsche Monatshefte (in German). Braunschweig. 73.

in English

• R. Lambert Playfair (1895), "City of Oran", Handbook for Travellers in Algeria and Tunis (5th ed.), London: J. Murray, OCLC 4443952
• "Oran", Cook's Practical Guide to Algiers, Algeria and Tunisia, London: T. Cook & Son, 1904
• "Oran", The Mediterranean: Seaports and Sea Routes, including Madeira, the Canary Islands, the Coast of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 490068
• Bruce E. Stanley; Michael R.T. Dumper, eds. (2008), "Oran", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, US: ABC-CLIO, p. 289+, ISBN 9781576079201
• Joshua Schreier (2012). "Creation of the 'Israélite indigène' Jewish merchants in early colonial Oran". Journal of North African Studies. 17 (5): 757–772. doi:10.1080/13629387.2012.723428. ISSN 1362-9387.
• Joshua Schreier. The Merchants of Oran: A Jewish Port at the Dawn of Empire. Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture Series.; Stanford Stanford University Press, 2017. 216 pp. ,ISBN 978-0-8047-9914-0.
• Claire Marynower (2013). "Full place of power: interwar Oran, the French empire's bullring?". Journal of North African Studies. 18 (5): 690–702. doi:10.1080/13629387.2013.849895.

in French

• G. Seguy (1888). "Oran". In Association française pour l'avancement des sciences (ed.). Oran et l'Algérie en 1887: notices historiques, scientifiques, & economiques (in French). Oran: Paul Perrier. pp. 19–78.
• Ch. Brossard, ed. (1906). "Oran: Description des villes: Oran". Colonies françaises. Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France (in French). Paris: Flammarion. hdl:2027/mdp.39015005579753. (+ table of contents)
• Jean Cazenave (1926). "Oran cité berbère". Bulletin de la Société de Géographie et d'Archéologie d'Oran (in French). 46.
• René Lespès (1938). Oran: Etude de geographie et d'histoire urbaines (in French). Paris: Alcan.
• Camille Kehl (1942). Oran et l'Oranie avant l'occupation Française (in French). L. Fouque.
• Robert Tinthoin (1956). "Oran, ville moderne". L'Information géographique (in French). 20. ISSN 1777-5876 – via Persee.fr.
• Andrée Dagorne (1995). "Oran, Métropole de l'Ouest algérien, d'hier à aujourd'hui". Cahiers de la Méditerranée (in French). 51. ISSN 1773-0201 – via Persee.fr.
• Bendjelid, Abed; Hadeid, Mohamed; Messahel, Abdellah; Trache, Sidi Mohammed (2004). "Oran une ville d'Algérie". Insaniyat (in French) (23–24): 7–44. doi:10.4000/insaniyat.5340. ISSN 2253-0738.
  • Bibliography
• Dalila Senhadji Khiat (2010). "Les mosquées en Algérie ou l'espace reconquis: l'exemple d'Oran". L'Année du Maghreb (in French). 6: 291–303. doi:10.4000/anneemaghreb.907. ISSN 2109-9405 – via Revues.org.

External links

• "(Oran)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
• "(Oran, commune)" (in French). Aix-en-Provence: Centre de Documentation Historique sur l'Algérie. (Bibliography)
• "(Oran)" – via Qatar National Library, Qatar Digital Library. (Images, etc.)
• "(Oran)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
• "(Oran)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
• "(Oran)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. (Bibliography)
• "(Oran)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
• "(Oran)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)