Timeline of Maputo

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Maputo, Mozambique (until 1976 known as Lourenço Marques).

Prior to 20th century

• 1544 - Portuguese Lourenço Marques explores Maputo Bay.
• 1787 - Fortress built by Portuguese.[1]
• 1885 - Vasco de Gama Gardens laid out.
• 1892 - O Commercio de Lourenço Marques begins publication.[2]
• 1895 - Pretoria-Lourenço Marques railway built.
• 1898 - Capital of Portuguese Mozambique moves to Lourenço Marques from the Island of Mozambique.[3][4]

20th century

• 1904
  • Trams begin operating.[5]
  • Population: 9,849.[5]
• 1912 - Population: 13,353.[6]
• 1916 - Central Train Station built.
• 1918 - O Brado Africano begins publication.[2]
• 1922 - Hotel Polano built.
• 1934 - Arquivo Historico de Moçambique headquartered in city.[7][8][9]
• 1935 - Population: 47,390 (estimate).[10]
• 1940 - Maputo Airport terminal built.
• 1944 - Cathedral of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception built.
• 1950 - Population: 93,516.[11]
• 1955 - Sport Lourenço Marques e Benfica formed.
• 1961 - National Library of Mozambique established.[9]
• 1962 - Estudos Gerais Universitários de Moçambique established.
• 1968 - Estádio Salazar inaugurated in Matola.

1970s-1990s

• 1970
  • Tempo magazine begins publication.
  • Population: 383,775 urban agglomeration.[12]
• 1974 - 24 September: Mozambique Liberation Front in power.[3]
• 1974 - Alberto Massavanhane designated by FRELIMO as the first President of the Executive Council
• 1975 - City becomes part of the People's Republic of Mozambique.
• 1976
  • 3 February: City renamed "Maputo."[13]
  • Nationalization occurs.[3]
• 1977
  • Bank of Mozambique, Mozambican Youth Organisation, and Centro Nacional de Documentação e Informação de Moçambique headquartered in city.[9]
  • February: City hosts African Conference on Cinema.[13]
• 1978 - City administration by "Câmara Municipal" (city council) replaced by "Conselho Executivo" (executive council).[3]
• 1980
  • City granted provincial status.[3]
  • António Hama Thay becomes president of city executive council.
• 1982 - Gaspar Horácio Mateus Zimba becomes president of city executive council.
• 1983
  • "Jobless" moved from city.[14]
  • 23 May: Attack by South African Air Force.[13]
  • Alberto Massavanhane becomes president of city executive council.
• 1985 - City joins the newly formed União das Cidades Capitais Luso-Afro-Américo-Asiáticas.
• 1987
  • 7 September: Prisoner exchange.[15]
  • João Baptista Cosme becomes president of city executive council.
• 1989 - Brazilian Cultural Center opens.
• 1990
  • Liga Muçulmana de Maputo football club founded.
  • Population: 776,000 (urban agglomeration).[16]
• 1993 - Fórum Mulher founded.[17]
• 1996
  • Maputo Development Corridor launched.[18]
  • Instituto Camões-Centro Cultural Português opens.[19]
• 1997
  • Artur Hussene Canana becomes president of city executive council.
  • Population: 966,837.[20]
• 2000
  • Flood.
  • July: City hosts Community of Portuguese Language Countries summit.[21]
  • Population: 1,096,000 (urban agglomeration).[16]

21st century

Aerial view of Maputo, 2010

• 2003
  • Maputo Port Development Company established.
  • July: City hosts African Union assembly.[22]
  • Eneas da Conceição Comiche becomes president of municipal council.
• 2006 - Dockanema film festival begins.
• 2007
  • Promaputo city infrastructure project launched.
  • 22 March: Arms depot explosion.
  • Population: 1,111,638 (city);[23] 1,766,184 (urban agglomeration).[24]
• 2008 - February: Economic riots.[25]
• 2009 - David Simango becomes president of municipal council.
• 2010
  • Maputo International Airport terminal opens.
  • September: Economic unrest.[26][27]
• 2011
  • Estádio do Zimpeto inaugurated.
  • September: City hosts 2011 All-Africa Games.
• 2012 - Maputo Private Hospital inaugurated.
• 2013 - Aga Khan Academy established.[28]
• 2015 - Population: 1,241,702 (estimate).[29]
• 2017 - 2017 Lusophony Games to be held in Maputo.

See also

• History of Maputo
• List of newspapers in Maputo
• Portuguese Empire
• Timeline of Beira, Mozambique

References

1. El-Khawas 2003.
2. "Maputo (Mozambique) Newspapers". WorldCat. US: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
3. Grest 1995.
4. "Mozambique Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
5. Brown 1906.
6. United States. Hydrographic Office. (1916), Africa Pilot: South and East Coasts, Govt. Print. Off., OCLC 20138064
7. Arquivo Histórico de Moçambique. "Sobre nos" (in Portuguese). Universidade Eduardo Mondlane. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
8. Gerhard Liesegang (2000). "The Arquivo Historico de Moçambique and Historical Research in Maputo". History in Africa. 27: 471–477. doi:10.2307/3172128. JSTOR 3172128.
9. World Guide to Libraries (25th ed.), De Gruyter Saur, 2011, ISBN 9783110230710
10. Webster's Geographical Dictionary, US: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OL 5812502M
11. "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
12. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
13. Jacqueline A. Kalley; et al. (1999), Southern African political history: a chronology of key political events from independence to mid-1997, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, ISBN 0313302472
14. "Mozambique ousts jobless from cities", New York Times, 1 October 1983, Operation Production
15. "An intricate prisoner exchange takes place in Maputo, Mozambique". South African History Online. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
16. "The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets". United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2010. Archived from the original on 2013-06-17.
17. "Mozambique". Africa South of the Sahara. US: Stanford University. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
18. Söderbaum 2001.
19. "O Instituto Camões- Centro Cultural Português em Maputo" (in Portuguese). Instituto Camões em Moçambique. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
20. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
21. "Conferência de Maputo" (in Portuguese). Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
22. "Maputo, 10 - 12 July 2003 - Assembly of the African Union the Second Ordinary Session". African Union.
23. "Indicadores Sócio Demográficos Maputo Cidade 2007". Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Retrieved 2016-09-15.
24. "Quadros do 3° Censo Geral da População e Habitação 2007". Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Retrieved 2010-12-23.
25. African Economic Outlook 2009, African Development Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 2009-12-04, ISBN 9789264076181
26. "Mozambique 2012", African Economic Outlook, African Development Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, archived from the original on 27 April 2012
27. Joseph Hanlon (2011). "Mozambique". In Andreas Mehler; et al. (eds.). Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2010. Koninklijke Brill. pp. 483+. ISBN 978-90-04-20556-7.
28. "Aga Khan Academy, Maputo". Retrieved 19 May 2013.
29. "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

This article incorporates information from the Portuguese Wikipedia.

Bibliography

See also: Bibliography of Maputo part 1 and part 2 (drafts)

Published in 19th century

• "Lourenço Marques". Elementos para um diccionario chorographico da provincia de Mozambique (in Portuguese). Lisboa: Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa. 1889.
• "Water-Gate of the Transvaal". Chambers' Journal. London. 1895.

Published in 20th century

• A. Samler Brown; G. Gordon Brown, eds. (1906), "Lourenço Marques", Guide to South Africa (14th ed.), London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co.
• "Lorenzo Marquez". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1908.
• "Lourenço Marques, Portuguese East Africa". International Directory of Buyers and Sellers. Chicago: International Trade Developer Inc. 1922.
• António Rita-Ferreira (1968). "Os Africanos de Lourenço Marques". Memórias do Instituto de Investigação Científica de Moçambique (in Portuguese). 9: 165–222. ISSN 0076-1184. Série C
• Jeanne Penvenne (1979), Forced labor and the origin of an African working class: Lourenço Marques, 1870-1962, Brookline, Massachusetts: Boston University African Studies Center
• Carlos Alberto Medeiros (1980). "Maputo antes da independência, Geografia de uma cidade colonial". Finisterra (in Portuguese). Centro de Estudos Geográficos da Universidade de Lisboa. 15 (30). doi:10.18055/Finis2209. ISSN 0430-5027.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• E. Medeiros (1989). "L'evolution Demographique de la Ville de Lourenco Marques (1894-1975)". In M. Cahen (ed.). Bourgs et Villes en Afrique Lusophone (in French).
• M. C. Mendes (1989). "Les repercussions de l'independence sur la ville de Maputo". In M. Cahen (ed.). Bourgs et Villes en Afrique Lusophone (in French).
• Jeremy Grest (1995). "Urban Management, Local Government Reform and the Democratisation Process in Mozambique: Maputo City 1975-1990". Journal of Southern African Studies. 21 (1): 147–164. doi:10.1080/03057079508708438. JSTOR 2637336.
• Jeanne Marie Penvenne (1995). African workers and colonial racism: Mozambican strategies and struggles in Lourenço Marques, 1877-1962. London: James Currey. ISBN 0435089528.
• JoAnn McGregor (1998). "Violence and Social Change in a Border Economy: War in the Maputo Hinterland, 1984-1992". Journal of Southern African Studies. 24.
• Paul Jenkins (1999), Maputo city: The historical roots of under-development and the consequences in urban form, Edinburgh College of Art/Heriot-Watt University, School of Planning and Housing, OCLC 42874930, Research paper n°71

Published in 21st century

• Fredrik Söderbaum; Ian Taylor (2001). "Transmission Belt for Transnational Capital or Facilitator for Development? Problematising the Role of the State in the Maputo Development Corridor". Journal of Modern African Studies. 39.
• Jeanne-Marie Penvenne (2002). "'A xikomo xa lomu, iku tira': Citadines africaines à Lourenço Marques (Mozambique), 1945-1975". Le Mouvement social (in French). Paris (204). doi:10.3917/lms.204.0081 – via Cairn.info.
• M.A. El-Khawas (2003). "Maputo, Mozambique". In Dickson Eyoh and Paul Tiyambe Zeleza (ed.). Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
• Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, ed. (2005). "Maputo". Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 726+. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
• Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005). "Maputo". Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
• Illegitimacy of Democracy? Democratisation and Alienation in Maputo, Mozambique, London: Crisis States Research Centre, 2007 – via International Relations and Security Network
• Nationalism, Urban Poverty and Identity in Maputo, Mozambique, London: Crisis States Research Centre, 2010 – via International Relations and Security Network
• P. Jenkins (2011), Simon Bekker and Goran Therborn (ed.), "Maputo and Luanda", Capital Cities in Africa: Power and Powerlessness, Dakar: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, ISBN 978-2-8697-8495-6
• Paulo Tormenta Pinto & Ana Vaz Milheiro (2012), From Monumentality To Diversity – Maputo Between The Urban Plans Of Aguiar & Azevedo (1950—1970) – via International Planning History Society
• Carlos Nunes Silva, ed. (2015). Urban Planning in Lusophone African Countries. UK: Ashgate. ISBN 978-1472444882. (Includes articles about Maputo)
• Vanessa de Pacheco Melo (2016). "Production of Urban Peripheries For and By Low-Income Populations at the Turn of the Millennium: Maputo, Luanda and Johannesburg". Journal of Southern African Studies. 42 (4).
• Sandra Roque; et al. (2016). "Subúrbios and Cityness: Exploring Imbrications and Urbanity in Maputo, Mozambique". Journal of Southern African Studies. 42 (4).

External links

• "(Maputo)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
• "(Maputo)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
• "(Maputo)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
• "(Maputo)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. (Bibliography)
• "(Maputo)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
• "(Maputo)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
• "Maputo, Mozambique". BlackPast.org. US.