Texas's 7th congressional district

Texas's 7th congressional district of the United States House of Representatives comprises a small area of western Harris County. As of the 2000 census, the 7th district comprises 651,620 people. Since 2019, it has been represented by Democrat Lizzie Fletcher. One of the wealthiest districts in the state, the 7th district includes wealthy enclaves of western Houston, ten incorporated suburbs and large areas of unincorporated suburbs.

"TX-7" redirects here. TX-7 may also refer to Texas State Highway 7.
Texas's 7th congressional district
Texas's 7th congressional district - since January 3, 2013.
Representative
  Lizzie Fletcher
D–Houston
Distribution
  • 99.99% urban[1]
  • 0.01% rural
Population (2019)762,826[2]
Median household
income		$73,730[3]
Ethnicity
Cook PVIR+7[4]

Election results from statewide races
Year U.S. President U.S. Senator[5] Governor
2008 McCain (R): 59 – 40% Cornyn (R): 59 – 39% —
2012 Romney (R): 60 – 39% Cruz (R): 60 – 38% —
2014 — Cornyn (R): 67 – 38% Abbott (R): 61 – 39%
2016 Clinton (D): 49 – 47% — —
2018 — O'Rourke (D): 53 – 46% Abbott (R): 52 – 46%
2020 Biden (D): 54 – 45% Hegar (D): 49.2 – 48.6% —

Cities within the district

Cities wholly within the district

Cities partially in the district

History

Texas received a seventh congressional district through reapportionment in 1881 as a result of population growth reflected in the 1880 Census and in 1883, Thomas P. Ochiltree, an Independent, was elected its first representative. From 1882 to 1902 the district was located in north central Texas and was represented by Wacoan Robert L. Henry. After the redistricting of 1902, the district shifted eastward and was represented by Congressmen from Palestine and Galveston. After 1952, the district again shifted to Waco. From 1885 to 1966, the seventh congressional district elected only Democratic representatives to Congress.

In 1966 the district, then represented by John Dowdy of Waco, was redrawn after the Supreme Court ruled in Wesberry v. Sanders two years earlier that congressional district populations had to be equal or close to equal in population. As a result, the old 7th essentially became the new 2nd district, while a new 7th was created in the western portion of Harris County, home to Houston. Previously, Harris County had been divided between the 8th and 22nd congressional districts. The new 7th stretched from downtown Houston through its fast-growing west side (including the Memorial Villages) out to what were then mostly rural western sections of Harris County including the Addicks and Barker reservoirs, the Katy Prairie and FM 1960. These were among the first areas of Greater Houston to turn Republican as Texas began to gradually shift towards the GOP.

The mid-decade redistricting resulted in the election of George H. W. Bush, a former Chairman of the Harris County Republican Party and the son of former Connecticut U.S. Senator Prescott Bush, and who unsuccessfully sought the state's Class 1 Senate seat against Democrat Ralph Yarborough in 1964. Bush would go on to hold the district for two terms before making an unsuccessful run for the United States Senate in 1970, losing to Lloyd Bentsen who defeated Yarborough in an upset in the Democratic primary. Bush would eventually go on to become Vice President under Ronald Reagan and in 1988 would be elected President. After losing the 1992 election to Bill Clinton, Bush would retire to the 7th where he continued to reside until his death in 2018.

Bush was succeeded by fellow Republican Bill Archer, who would go on to represent the district for 15 terms. Archer would never drop below 79% of the vote as the 7th district, now stretching from the prosperous west side of Houston, including such neighborhoods as River Oaks, Tanglewood, Briargrove, the Energy Corridor and the Memorial Villages, to fast-growing suburbs in the Cypress-Fairbanks and Katy areas and along FM 1960, became reckoned as the most Republican district in the Greater Houston area and arguably one of the most Republican districts in the nation. Archer would rise to prominence in 1994 following the Republican Revolution in which Republicans gained control of the House for the first time in 40 years, with Archer serving as chairman of the influential House Ways and Means Committee for his final three terms.

In 2000, Archer retired from Congress, leading to a highly competitive Republican primary - traditionally the real contest in the heavily Republican district. In the ensuing runoff, State Representative John Culberson, who represented much of the congressional district's western portion, defeated opponent Peter Wareing to win the Republican nomination. By 2002, the district was further reduced in size, now taking in the west side of Houston as well as much of the unincorporated vicinity of the Barker and Addicks reservoirs in west Houston.

Following a controversial 2004 mid-decade redistricting, the district lost Katy and the immediate Barker Reservoir, while also gaining some neighborhoods surrounding Jersey Village and (most penultimately) a southwest section of Houston that encompassed Rice University, the center-right inner suburbs of Bellaire and West University Place, the historically Jewish neighborhood of Meyerland and the historically liberal Montrose area. The latter portion made up the political base of freshman Democratic congressman Chris Bell's 25th district, and historically had not been associated with the 7th during Archer's tenure. While the 7th remained heavily Republican, its dominance was not as strong as in previous elections because of the redistricting. Meanwhile, the bulk of Bell's district had been renumbered as the 9th district and reconfigured as a majority-minority district. Instead of running against Culberson, Bell ran in the Democratic primary for the reconfigured 9th losing to Al Green. Meanwhile, Culberson would go on to win reelection in the 7th against a nominal Democratic challenger in 2004, and won again with under 60 percent of the vote in 2006 in what was considered a bad year for Republicans who lost control of the House for the first time in 12 years.

In 2008, Culberson defeated wind energy executive Michael Skelly to win a fifth term with 56 percent of the vote, despite being vastly outspent by the latter in a surprisingly competitive race–the first that the district had seen in four decades. He was likely helped by John McCain winning the district with 58 percent of the vote in the presidential election. Culberson would go on to win a sixth term in 2010 unopposed.

After the 2012 redistricting process, the 7th lost some of its territory to the adjacent 2nd district of Republican Ted Poe, losing a stretch of territory stretching from north of Jersey Village through Memorial Park to Rice University.[6] In exchange, Culberson gained much of the Greater Katy area south of Interstate 10, as well as a stretch of middle-class suburban areas along the western edge of Highway 6 that had growing Hispanic populations, which also existed in the Sharpstown and Gulfton areas of southwest Houston that were also added to Culberson's district.

Despite the changes, Culberson continued to win reelection in his three successive elections, beating Democratic opponent James Cargas in three consecutive elections from 2012 to 2016. However, the district was one of 23 congressional districts that voted for Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton in 2016 after voting Mitt Romney in 2012, due in part to backlash from some constituents of Republican Donald Trump's campaign rhetoric and stances on such issues as trade and immigration. District residents' favoritism towards free trade and comprehensive immigration reform clashed with Trump's populist stances on these issues. Combined with demographic changes in parts of the district as well as the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey, which caused catastrophic damage to many parts of the district in 2017, some political analysts argued the district could be vulnerable to a Democratic takeover in a wave election.

In 2018, Culberson ran against corporate litigator Lizzie Fletcher, who prevailed out of a crowded and well-funded Democratic primary that gained national attention when supporters of Fletcher's primary runoff opponent, journalist and progressive activist Laura Moser, cried foul over the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee's supposed preference for Fletcher over Moser in the primary. Despite this controversy, Fletcher prevailed by a comfortable margin in the primary runoff later that May. The race was one of the most closely watched in the nation that year, with Fletcher consistently outraising Culberson throughout the general election. Despite Culberson's proactive leadership in the wake of Hurricane Harvey, Fletcher defeated Culberson to become the first Democrat to represent the district since its realignment as a Houston-based seat in 1966, as the 7th became one of 43 Republican seats (over 1/6th of the Republican conference) to flip Democratic in the 2018 election. Culberson held his own in his longtime base of west Houston and Memorial,areas that have been the district's core for its entire existence in its present configuration; he'd represented much of this area for over three decades at the state and federal levels. However, Fletcher swamped him in the portions of southwest Houston that were added in the 2004 redistricting, as well as in the Hispanic-plurality Bear Creek area near the Addicks Reservoir that was heavily affected by flooding from Harvey. As a measure of how Republican this district had historically been, Fletcher was only the fourth Democrat to even garner 40 percent of the vote in the district.

Fletcher was reelected in 2020 with 50 percent of the vote, likely helped by Joe Biden winning the district with 54 percent of the vote.

Today, the 7th district remains centered on the west side of Houston between Interstate 10 and Westheimer Road, stretching westward from Uptown through the Memorial area and its surrounding villages to the Energy Corridor, encompassing The Galleria, CityCentre and Memorial City Mall. The district also includes much of the Greater Katy area and the Barker Reservoir, the Buffalo Bayou watershed between Memorial Park and Katy, the communities of Jersey Village and Bellaire, and several neighborhoods along a five-mile-wide stretch of the western edge of Highway 6 (including the Bear Creek and Copperfield areas), as well as large portions of southwest Houston centered on the Meyerland, Sharpstown and Gulfton areas.

Until recently, the district tended to vote Republican, with a sizable Hispanic population largely concentrated in the areas along Highway 6 and in southwest Houston adding to the 45 percent Anglo plurality in the district.

List of members representing the district
Name Party Years Cong
ress		 District residence Electoral history District location
District created March 4, 1883

Thomas P. Ochiltree		 Independent March 4, 1883 –
March 3, 1885		 48th Galveston [data unknown/missing]

William H. Crain		 Democratic March 4, 1885 –
March 3, 1893		 49th
50th
51st
52nd		 Indianola Redistricted to the 11th district.

George C. Pendleton		 Democratic March 4, 1893 –
March 3, 1897		 53rd
54th		 Temple [data unknown/missing]

Robert L. Henry		 Democratic March 4, 1897 –
March 3, 1903		 55th
56th
57th		 Waco Redistricted to the 11th district.

Alexander W. Gregg		 Democratic March 4, 1903 –
March 3, 1919		 58th
59th
60th
61st
62nd
63rd
64th
65th		 Palestine [data unknown/missing]

Clay Stone Briggs		 Democratic March 4, 1919 –
April 29, 1933		 66th
67th
68th
69th
70th
71st
72nd
73rd		 Galveston Died.
Vacant April 29, 1933 –
June 24, 1933		 73rd

Clark W. Thompson		 Democratic June 24, 1933 –
January 3, 1935		 Galveston [data unknown/missing]
Nat Patton Democratic January 3, 1935 –
January 3, 1945		 74th
75th
76th
77th
78th		 Crockett [data unknown/missing]

Tom Pickett		 Democratic January 3, 1945 –
June 30, 1952		 79th
80th
81st
82nd		 Palestine Resigned to become Vice President of the National Coal Association.
Vacant June 30, 1952 –
September 23, 1952		 82nd

John Dowdy		 Democratic September 23, 1952 –
January 3, 1967		 82nd
83rd
84th
85th
86th
87th
88th
89th		 Waco Redistricted to the 2nd district.

George H. W. Bush		 Republican January 3, 1967 –
January 3, 1971		 90th
91st		 Houston Retired to run for U.S. Senator.

Bill Archer		 Republican January 3, 1971 –
January 3, 2001		 92nd
93rd
94th
95th
96th
97th
98th
99th
100th
101st
102nd
103rd
104th
105th
106th		 Houston Retired.

John Culberson		 Republican January 3, 2001 –
January 3, 2019		 107th
108th
109th
110th
111th
112th
113th
114th
115th		 Houston Lost re-election.
2007 - 2013

Lizzie Fletcher		 Democratic January 3, 2019 –
present		 116th
117th		 Houston Elected in 2018.

Recent election results

2004
United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2004: District 7
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican John Culberson 175,440 64.1 -25.1
Democratic John Martinez 91,126 33.3
Independent Paul Staton 3,713 1.4
Libertarian Drew Parks 3,372 1.2 -9.5
Majority 84,314 30.8
Turnout 273,651
Republican hold Swing -29.2

2006
United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2006: District 7
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican John Culberson 99,318 59.2 -4.9
Democratic Jim Henley 64,514 38.5 +5.2
Libertarian Drew Parks 3,953 2.4 +1.2
Majority
Turnout 167,785
Republican hold Swing

2008
United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2008: District 7
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican John Culberson 162,205 55.9 -3.3
Democratic Michael Skelly 122,832 42.3 +3.8
Libertarian Drew Parks 5,036 1.7 -0.7
Majority
Turnout 290,073
Republican hold Swing

2010
United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2010: District 7
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican John Culberson 143,665 81.9 +26
Libertarian Bob Townsend 31,704 18.1 +16.4
Majority
Turnout 175,369
Republican hold Swing

2012
United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2012: District 7
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican John Culberson 142,477 60.8 -21.1
Democratic James Cargas 85,253 36.4
Libertarian Drew Parks 4,654 2 -16.1
Green Lance Findley 1,811 0.8
Majority
Turnout 234,195
Republican hold Swing

2014
United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2014: District 7
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican John Culberson 90,606 63.3 2.5
Democratic James Cargas 49,478 34.5 -1.9
Libertarian Gerald Fowler 4,654 2.2
Majority
Turnout 143,219 39.05
Republican hold Swing

2016
United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2016: District 7
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican John Culberson 143,542 56.17 -7.13
Democratic James Cargas 111,991 43.83 9.33
Majority
Turnout 264,267 67.04 27.99
Republican hold Swing

2018
United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2018: District 7
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Lizzie Fletcher 127,959 52.5
Republican John Culberson (incumbent) 115,642 47.5
Total votes 243,601 100.0
Democratic gain from Republican

2020
United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2020: District 7
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Lizzie Fletcher 158,019 50.76 -1.77
Republican Wesley Hunt 147,802 47.47 0
Libertarian Shawn Kelly 5,514 1.77 +1.77
Majority 10,217 3.29 -1.77
Turnout 311,335
Democratic hold Swing

See also

References

Citations
  1. https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/cd_state.html
  2. https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=48&cd=07
  3. https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=48&cd=07
  4. "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
  5. "Texas 2018 Senate and governor by Congressional District". Google Docs.
  6. http://gis1.tlc.state.tx.us/

Sources

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