Otto Fönnekold

Otto Fönnekold (15 February 1920 – 31 August 1944) was a pilot in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. A flying ace, Fönnekold was credited with 136 aerial victories—that is, 136 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft. All but three of his victories were claimed over the Soviet Air Forces in about 600 combat missions.[1]

Otto Fönnekold
Born	15 February 1920 Hamburg
Died	31 August 1944 (aged 24) Ssaß-Budak, Siebenbürgen
Allegiance	Nazi Germany
Service/branch	Luftwaffe
Years of service	1939–1944
Rank	Hauptmann (captain)
Commands held	5./JG 52
Battles/wars	World War II
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

World War II

World War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. Fönnekold, who was born on 15 February 1920 in Hamburg of the Weimar Republic, was posted to the 5. Staffel (5th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) in the fall of 1942.[2] At the time, this squadron was officially commanded by Oberleutnant Siegfried Simsch who was on home leave recovering from wounds sustained on 29 May.[3] 5. Staffel was a squadron of II. Gruppe (2nd group) of JG 52 commanded by Hauptmann Johannes Steinhoff.[4] In August 1942, II. Gruppe was subordinated to VIII. Fliegerkorps and supported the 6th Army offensive to capture Stalingrad.[5] Based at Gonschtakowka, Fönnekold claimed his first aerial victory on 7 September when he shot down a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighter.[6]

Fönnekold often flew as wingman of Wilhelm Batz. On 12 January 1944, Fönnekold was credited with his 100th aerial victory. He was the 62nd Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[7] Fönnekold was awarded the Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 9 August 1943, the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) on 16 August 1943, and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 26 March 1944.[2][8]

Squadron leader and death

On 19 April 1944, Fönnekold was appointed Staffelkapitän of 5. Staffel of JG 52 when its former commander, Batz, was appointed Gruppenkommandeur of III. Gruppe of JG 52.[9][10] He became an "ace-in-a-day" on 30 May. That day, Fönnekold shot down seven P-39 fighters in combat near Tudora and Iași in Romania.[11]

Fönnekold claimed three United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) North American P-51 Mustang's on 31 August 1944. Later that day, he was bounced during his landing approach at Ssaß-Budak by P-51's. One of the .50 caliber projectiles penetrated his heart while taxiing his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 441931—factory number) "black 9".[12][13] He was succeeded by Heinrich Sturm as commander of 5. Staffel.[14]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

Matthews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 134 confirmed and three unconfirmed aerial victories. All these victories were claimed on the Eastern Front.[15]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 54512". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km²). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size.[16]

Chronicle of aerial victories
This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Fönnekold an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.   This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Fönnekold did not receive credit.   This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Barbas, Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Matthews and Foreman.
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[17] Eastern Front — September 1942 – 3 February 1943
1	7 September 1942	09:27	LaGG-3	PQ 54512[18]	6	11 December 1942	12:45	LaGG-3	PQ 49381[19] 25 km (16 mi) south of Basargino
2	6 October 1942	12:35	Il-2	PQ 96733[20] 25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Tuapse	7	22 December 1942	11:32	La-5	PQ 49712[21] 65 km (40 mi) south-southeast of Stalingrad
3	29 October 1942	15:40	LaGG-3	PQ 95873[22] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Lazarevskoye	8	25 December 1942	11:22	La-5	PQ 49773[21] 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Aksal
4	15 November 1942	08:50	LaGG-3	PQ 94194[23]	9	30 January 1943	14:52	LaGG-3	PQ 06391[21]
5	19 November 1942	12:50	LaGG-3	PQ 94634[23]
– 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[24] Eastern Front — 4 February – 31 December 1943
10	8 February 1943	09:35	Yak-1	PQ 44 Ost 09333[25]	52	8 September 1943	05:27	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 35 Ost 60521[26] 20 km (12 mi) west of Andreyevka
11	8 February 1943	09:50	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 99664[25] 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Rovenki	53	10 September 1943	12:33	Yak-1	PQ 35 Ost 50283[26] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Merefa
12	14 February 1943	11:00	I-16	PQ 34 Ost 7526[25]	54	12 October 1943	07:40	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 49173[27] 55 km (34 mi) east-northeast of Mironovka
13	14 February 1943	11:03	I-16	PQ 34 Ost 75232[25] north of Krymsk	55	15 October 1943	05:50	Yak-1	PQ 35 Ost 10123[27] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi
14	27 February 1943	06:02	I-16	PQ 34 Ost 85344[28] vicinity of Aberbijewka	56	15 October 1943	05:58	Yak-1	PQ 35 Ost 10121[27] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi
15	6 May 1943	05:38	La-5	PQ 34 Ost 75293, 8 km (5.0 mi) northwest of Neberdschajewskaja[29] northeast of Novorossiysk	57	19 October 1943	11:07	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 39424[27] 25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Mironovka
16	6 May 1943	11:30	La-5	PQ 34 Ost 85153[29] vicinity of Abinsk	58	20 October 1943	10:10	Pe-2	PQ 34 Ost 39181, north of Petrowka[27] 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Alexandrija
17	6 May 1943	12:05	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 76894[29] vicinity of Kijewakoje	59	20 October 1943	12:55	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 39332, north of Krasnaja-Fedorowka[30] 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Mironovka
18	9 May 1943	16:10	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 86754[31] east of Trojzkaja	60	20 October 1943	12:57	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 39412[30] 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Mironovka
19	15 May 1943	18:40	Yak-1	southwest of Kabardinka[31]	61	20 October 1943	12:58	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 39284[30] 30 km (19 mi) east-northeast of Mironovka
20	19 May 1943	07:20?[Note 2]	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 85313[31] southeast of Schapssugskaja	62	21 October 1943	06:50	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 39631[30] 20 km (12 mi) east of Pjatichatki
21	21 May 1943	04:23	R-5	PQ 34 Ost 96771[31] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Krasnodar	63	21 October 1943	14:45	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 39674[30] vicinity of Piatykhatky
22	21 May 1943	15:42	U-2	PQ 34 Ost 96784[31] 20 km (12 mi) east of Krasnodar	64	25 October 1943	12:28	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 57151[30] 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Melitopol
23	21 May 1943	15:46	U-2	PQ 34 Ost 96774[31] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Krasnodar	65	28 October 1943	14:38	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 47154[30] 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Ivanovka
24	28 May 1943	10:38	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 76893, southeast of Kijewskoje[31] south of Bakanskij	66	2 November 1943	14:40	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 66734, 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Eltigen[30]
25	29 May 1943	04:37	LaGG-3	north of Krymskaja[32] north of Krymsk	67	3 November 1943	11:20	R-5	PQ 34 Ost 66644[30] east of Bakssy
26	29 May 1943	18:30	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 76894[32] vicinity of Kijewakoje	68	4 November 1943	12:37	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 66644[30] east of Bakssy
27	30 May 1943	15:36	B-25	PQ 34 Ost 76861[32] north of Kessjetowa	69	5 November 1943	10:24	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 66842[33] southwest of Tamanj
28	31 May 1943	05:25	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 86772[32] south of Trojzkaja	70	5 November 1943	10:37	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66732, east of Eltigen[33] vicinity of Tobetschik
29	1 June 1943	08:48	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 76861[32] Sea of Azov	71	6 November 1943	09:03	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66671, east of Kerch[33] east of Kerch
30	6 June 1943	05:03	La-5	PQ 34 Ost 75231, northwest of Krymskaja[32] northwest of Krymsk	72	6 November 1943	06:06	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66644[33] east of Bakssy
31	7 June 1943	15:21?[Note 3]	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 76822[32] west of Kalabatka	73	12 November 1943	10:27?[Note 4]	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 66641, northwest of Bakssy[33] east of Bulganak
32	7 June 1943	15:25?[Note 5]	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 76812[32] vicinity of Kalabatka	74	14 November 1943	14:03	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 66643, Kolonka[33] east of Bakssy
33	10 June 1943	14:42	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 75473[35] Black Sea, 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Novorossiysk	75	21 November 1943	13:00	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66562, south of Bulganag[33] vicinity of Babtschik
34	15 June 1943	17:07	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 85373, south of Gelendzhik[35] vicinity of Gelendzhik	76	27 November 1943	08:39	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66732, east of Eltigen[36] vicinity of Tobetschik
35	25 June 1943	04:37?[Note 6]	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 85371[35] vicinity of Gelendzhik	77	27 November 1943	08:56	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66641, northwest of Bakssz[36] east of Bulganak
36	21 July 1943	04:32	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 88261[35] vicinity of Jalisawehino	78	28 November 1943	08:42	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 66594[36] vicinity of Kamysch-Burun
37	23 July 1943	17:40?[Note 7]	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 88424[37] 20 km (12 mi) south of Jalisawehino	79	28 November 1943	08:50	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 66732, east of Eltigen[36] vicinity of Tobetschik
38	25 July 1943	07:44	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 98173[37] 40 km (25 mi) southwest of Rovenki	80	28 November 1943	11:40	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 66813, west of Taman[36] over sea, vicinity of Cape Tusla
39	31 July 1943	06:14	Il-2	PQ 34 Ost 88232[37] 30 km (19 mi) west-southwest of Rovenki	81	1 December 1943	07:22	Il-2	PQ 34 Ost 66732, east of Eltigen[36] vicinity of Tobetschik
40	2 August 1943	18:10	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 88621, northeast of Marinowka[37] vicinity of Jalisawehino	82	1 December 1943	13:45	Pe-2	north of Eltigen[36]
41	7 August 1943	07:38	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 75233, Kijewskoje[38] west of Krymsk	83	2 December 1943	14:20	LaGG-3	east of Eltigen[36]
42	7 August 1943	07:45	Spitfire	PQ 34 Ost 76892, northeast of Kijewskoje[38] vicinity of Kijewskoje	84	2 December 1943	14:26	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	southeast of Eltigen[36]
43	7 August 1943	17:25	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 75261, Krymskaja[38] north of Nowo-Bakanskaja	85	4 December 1943	07:08	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	east of Eltigen[36]
44	9 August 1943	08:17	Spitfire	PQ 34 Ost 75234, 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Moldawanskoje[38] vicinity of Krymsk	86	4 December 1943	07:17	LaGG-3	south-southwest of Eltigen[36]
45	9 August 1943	08:22	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 75292, 4 km (2.5 mi) south of Nebershajewskaja[38] northeast of Noworossijsi	87	4 December 1943	11:02	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	southeast of Eltigen[36]
46	9 August 1943	08:25	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 34 Ost 75261, 8 km (5.0 mi) northeast of Moldawanskoje[38] north of Nowo-Bakanskaja	88	4 December 1943	11:12	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	southwest of Eltigen[39]
47	26 August 1943	15:42	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 76863, northwest of Kijewskoje[40] north of Kessjetowa	89	5 December 1943	13:20	P-39	southwest of Eltigen[39]
48	26 August 1943	15:47	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 85114, north of Abinskaja[40] vicinity of Mertschanskaja	90	8 December 1943	13:53	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	south of Kolonka[39]
49	31 August 1943	12:14	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 88671[40] 25 km (16 mi) west-northwest of Taganrog	91	8 December 1943	13:59	Il-2	PQ 34 Ost 66671, east of Kerch[39]
50	6 September 1943	10:02	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 35 Ost 60174[26] vicinity west of Merefa	92	11 December 1943	09:11	Yak-1	east of Eltigen[39] north of Taman
51	7 September 1943	09:19	Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]	PQ 35 Ost 60522[26] 20 km (12 mi) west of Andreyevka
– 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[41] Eastern Front — 1 January – 31 August 1944
93	4 January 1944	06:43	Il-2	Cape Chroni[42]	116	23 March 1944	07:03	unknown	Cape Chroni[43]
94	9 January 1944	12:01	P-39	Adzhimushkay[42]	117♠	30 May 1944	10:35	P-39	vicinity of Iași[44] vicinity of Sulani
95	9 January 1944	14:40	LaGG-3	PQ 66614[42] vicinity of Majak-Bakny	118♠	30 May 1944	11:05	P-39	PQ 78642[44] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Tudora
96	10 January 1944	09:45	Il-2	vicinity of Bulganak[42]	119♠	30 May 1944	13:50	P-39	vicinity of Iași[44] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Iași
97	10 January 1944	11:50	Yak-1	vicinity of Grammatikowo[42]	120♠	30 May 1944	14:08	P-39	vicinity of Huși[44] 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Iași
98	11 January 1944	13:32	LaGG-3	Adzhimushkay[42]	121♠	30 May 1944	14:12	P-39	vicinity of Iași[44] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Iași
99	12 January 1944	06:50	Boston	PQ 66611[42] vicinity of Cape Chroni	122♠	30 May 1944	14:41	P-39	PQ 78671[44] 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Iași
100	12 January 1944	13:46	P-39	Cape Tarchan[42]	123?[Note 8]	30 May 1944	17:51	Yak-1	vicinity of Huși[44]
101	12 January 1944	14:06	Il-2	PQ 66614[42] vicinity of Majak-Bakny	124♠	30 May 1944	17:52	P-39	PQ 78644[44] 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Tudora
102	13 January 1944	07:26	Yak-1	Adzhimushkay[42]	125	31 May 1944	04:12	Yak-1	PQ 78674[44] 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Iași
103	17 January 1944	10:40	P-39	Cape Tarchan[42]	126	31 May 1944	12:45	P-39	PQ 78673[44] 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Iași
104	19 January 1944	12:10	Il-2	PQ 66642[42] Majak	127	2 June 1944	09:03	Boston	PQ 78634[45] 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Iași
105	23 January 1944	06:47	Il-2	PQ 66652[42] Malikut	128	2 June 1944	13:50	Il-2	PQ 78732[45] 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Iași
106	25 January 1944	12:37	Boston	PQ 66673[46] Kossa Tulsa	129	27 June 1944	04:48?[Note 9]	Yak-7	PQ 7924[45]
107	28 January 1944	12:07	Yak-1	north of Kerch[46]	130	4 August 1944	11:20	Il-2	PQ 11595[45] 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Mielec
108	28 January 1944	15:01	Il-2	vicinity of Kerch[46]	131	5 August 1944	11:05	P-39	PQ 11644[45] vicinity of Mielec
109	5 February 1944	06:26	P-39	vicinity of Kerch[46]	132	21 August 1944	18:40	La-5	20 km (12 mi) northeast of Leipzig
110	7 February 1944	06:56	P-39	vicinity of Bulganak[46]	133	22 August 1944	07:16	La-5?[Note 10]	PQ 97524[43] 30 km (19 mi) east-northeast of Leipzig
111	7 February 1944	13:28?[Note 11]	Yak-1	PQ 66673[46] vicinity of Kossa Tulsa	134	22 August 1944	13:25	Yak-7	PQ 87662[43] 25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Szekszárd
112	10 February 1944	08:00	Yak-9	PQ 66514[46] west of Dsheilaw	135	23 August 1944	17:26	Yak-7	PQ 87828[43] 20 km (12 mi) near Leipzig
113	14 March 1944	12:55	Pe-2	PQ 47793[43] 30 km (19 mi) southwest of Genitschek	—	31 August 1944	—	P-51	vicinity of Luieriu (Lövér)[47]
114	22 March 1944	10:55	Yak-7	Cape Tarchan[43]	—	31 August 1944	—	P-51	vicinity of Luieriu (Lövér)[47]
115	22 March 1944	11:00	Yak-7	Adzhimushkay[43]	—	31 August 1944	—	P-51	vicinity of Luieriu (Lövér)[47]

Awards

• Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class
• Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 9 August 1943 as Feldwebel and pilot[48]
• German Cross in Gold on 16 August 1943 as Feldwebel in the 5./Jagdgeschwader 52[49]
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 26 March 1944 as Leutnant and pilot in the II./Jagdgeschwader 52[50][51]

Notes

1. The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
2. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 07:26.[17]
3. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 15:23.[17]
4. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 10:17.[34]
5. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 15:27.[17]
6. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 04:17.[17]
7. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 18:40.[17]
8. This claim is not listed by Matthews and Foreman.[11]
9. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 04:08.[11]
10. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as a Yakovlev Yak-9.[11]
11. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 13:25.[11]

References

Citations

1. Spick 1996, p. 230.
2. Obermaier 1989, p. 111.
3. Prien et al. 2006, pp. 475, 502.
4. Prien et al. 2006, p. 475.
5. Prien et al. 2006, p. 458.
6. Prien et al. 2006, pp. 462, 490.
7. Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
8. Matthews & Foreman 2014, p. 319.
9. Weal 2001, p. 75.
10. Barbas 2005, p. 286.
11. Matthews & Foreman 2014, p. 322.
12. Barbas 2005, p. 322.
13. Weal 2001, p. 80.
14. Weal 2004, p. 112.
15. Matthews & Foreman 2014, pp. 319–322.
16. Planquadrat.
17. Matthews & Foreman 2014, p. 320.
18. Prien et al. 2006, p. 490.
19. Prien et al. 2006, p. 497.
20. Prien et al. 2006, p. 491.
21. Prien et al. 2006, p. 498.
22. Prien et al. 2006, p. 492.
23. Prien et al. 2006, p. 494.
24. Matthews & Foreman 2014, pp. 320–321.
25. Prien et al. 2012, p. 378.
26. Prien et al. 2012, p. 389.
27. Prien et al. 2012, p. 390.
28. Prien et al. 2012, p. 379.
29. Prien et al. 2012, p. 382.
30. Prien et al. 2012, p. 391.
31. Prien et al. 2012, p. 383.
32. Prien et al. 2012, p. 384.
33. Prien et al. 2012, p. 392.
34. Matthews & Foreman 2014, p. 321.
35. Prien et al. 2012, p. 385.
36. Prien et al. 2012, p. 393.
37. Prien et al. 2012, p. 386.
38. Prien et al. 2012, p. 387.
39. Prien et al. 2012, p. 394.
40. Prien et al. 2012, p. 388.
41. Matthews & Foreman 2014, pp. 321–322.
42. Barbas 2005, p. 358.
43. Barbas 2005, p. 361.
44. Barbas 2005, p. 366.
45. Barbas 2005, p. 367.
46. Barbas 2005, p. 359.
47. Barbas 2005, p. 368.
48. Patzwall 2008, p. 78.
49. Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 118.
50. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 183, 490.
51. Scherzer 2007, p. 313.

Bibliography

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• Weal, John (2001). Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-084-1.
• Weal, John (2004). Jagdgeschwader 52: The Experten (Aviation Elite Units). Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-786-4.