Franz-Josef Beerenbrock

Franz-Josef Beerenbrock (9 April 1920 – 13 December 2004) was a German fighter pilot during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. Beerenbrock was credited with 117 aerial victories in approximately 400 combat missions, all on the Eastern Front. In November 1942 he became a prisoner of war for the rest of the war.

Franz-Josef Beerenbrock
Born(1920-04-09)9 April 1920
Datteln, Germany
Died13 December 2004(2004-12-13) (aged 84)
Olfen, Germany
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/branch Luftwaffe
Years of service1938–1945
RankLeutnant (second lieutenant)
UnitJG 51
Commands held10./JG 51
Battles/warsWorld War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

World War II

Beerenbrock, the son of a Russian mother, joined a flak artillery unit on 1 October 1938 and in 1939 was trained as a pilot. In March 1941, Beerenbrock was transferred to 12. Staffel (12th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing), a squadron of IV. Gruppe (4th group).[1] At the time, IV. Gruppe of JG 51 was based in Le Touquet, France on the English Channel fighting the Royal Air Force. During this period, the Gruppe was being reequipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109 F series. Beerenbock's commanding officers were, Major Friedrich Beckh as Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) and the Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 12. Staffel was Oberleutnant Karl-Gottfried Nordmann. On 16 April, the Gruppe moved to an airfield at Marquise.[2]

Operation Barbarossa

IV. Gruppe of JG 51 was withdrawn from the Channel Front in early June 1941 and ordered to Mönchengladbach where the unit was equipped with a full complement of Bf 109 F-1 and F-2 aircraft. On 15 June, IV. Gruppe began transferring east and was located at the airfield Krzewicze, approximately 70 km (43 mi) west Brest-Litovsk on the western bank of the Bug River. On 22 June, German forces launched Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union.[3] JG 51, under the command of Oberstleutnant Werner Mölders, was subordinated to II. Fliegerkorps (2nd Air Corps), which as part of Luftflotte 2 (Air Fleet 2). JG 51 area of operation during Operation Barbarossa was over the right flank of Army Group Center in the combat area of the 2nd Panzer Group as well as the 4th Army.[4]

Beerenbrock claimed his first aerial victory on 24 June 1941 over a Tupolev SB-2 bomber.[5] He frequently flew as wingman of Nordmann and Heinrich Bär.[6] Following his 42nd aerial victory, Beerenbrock was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 6 October 1941.[7]

Eastern Front
Attack on the Rzhev salient in August 1942

On 30 July 1942, during the Battle of Rzhev, the Soviet Kalinin Front launched an attack against the 9th Army on the northern flank of the Rzhev salient. The Soviet 29th and 30th Army breached the German front between the German 87th and 256th Division.[8] The next day, III. and IV. Gruppe of JG 51 were sent to intercept strong forces of Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft attacking German ground forces.[9] That day, Beerenbrock claimed his 93rd aerial victory over an Il-2 shot down 16 kilometres (9.9 miles) northwest of Rzhev.[10] On 1 August 1942, he became an "ace-in-a-day" claiming nine aerial victories on three combat missions, including his 100th overall.[10][11] He was the 15th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[12] At that point, he was the most successful fighter pilot of JG 51 and the first pilot of JG 51 to surpass Werner Mölders. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 3 August 1942.[7][13][14] Beerenbrock and together with Hauptmann Anton Hackl were presented the Oak Leaves by Adolf Hitler at the Führerhauptquartier at Rastenburg.[15]

In October 1942, Beerenbrock was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 10. Staffel (3rd squadron) of JG 51.[16] On 9 November, his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-2 (Werknummer 6779—factory number) suffered engine failure after being hit in the radiator approximately 20 km (12 mi) north of Velizh resulting in a forced landing behind enemy lines. In consequence, he was taken prisoner of war.[6][17] While imprisoned, he became a founding member of the Bund Deutscher Offiziere (League of German Officers) which later merged with the National Committee for a Free Germany.[18]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to Spick, Beerenbrock claimed 117 aerial victories in over 500 combat missions, all but one on the Eastern Front.[19] Matthews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 111 aerial victory claims, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.[20]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 56432". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size.[21]

Awards

Notes
  1. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as an Ilyushin Il-2.[20]
  2. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as a Petlyakov Pe-2.[22]
  3. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3.[22]
  4. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-1.[37]
  5. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3.[37]
  6. According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 14:30.[37]
  7. This claim is not listed by Matthews and Foreman.[41]

References

Citations
  1. Matthews & Foreman 2014, p. 72.
  2. Prien et al. 2002, pp. 100–101.
  3. Prien et al. 2003, p. 319.
  4. Prien et al. 2003, p. 206.
  5. Prien et al. 2003, p. 334.
  6. Bergström et al. 2006, p. 211.
  7. Aders & Held 1993, p. 118.
  8. Bergström et al. 2006, p. 110.
  9. Bergström et al. 2006, p. 111.
  10. Prien et al. 2006, p. 354.
  11. Bergström et al. 2006, pp. 111–112.
  12. Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
  13. Jacobs 2014, Chapter 2.
  14. Weal 2001, p. 47.
  15. Stockert 2012, p. 28.
  16. Prien et al. 2006, p. 350.
  17. Prien et al. 2006, p. 361.
  18. Krings 2015, p. 81.
  19. Spick 1996, p. 229.
  20. Matthews & Foreman 2014, pp. 73–74.
  21. Planquadrat.
  22. Matthews & Foreman 2014, p. 73.
  23. Prien et al. 2003, p. 338.
  24. Prien et al. 2003, p. 335.
  25. Prien et al. 2003, p. 336.
  26. Prien et al. 2003, p. 339.
  27. Prien et al. 2003, p. 337.
  28. Prien et al. 2003, p. 341.
  29. Prien et al. 2003, p. 343.
  30. Prien et al. 2003, p. 342.
  31. Prien et al. 2003, p. 344.
  32. Prien et al. 2003, p. 345.
  33. Prien et al. 2003, p. 346.
  34. Prien et al. 2003, p. 347.
  35. Prien et al. 2005, p. 119.
  36. Prien et al. 2005, p. 120.
  37. Matthews & Foreman 2014, p. 74.
  38. Prien et al. 2006, p. 353.
  39. Prien et al. 2006, p. 355.
  40. Prien et al. 2006, p. 356.
  41. Matthews & Foreman 2014, pp. 74–75.
  42. Prien et al. 2006, p. 357.
  43. Thomas 1997, p. 35.
  44. Patzwall 2008, p. 48.
  45. Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 32.
  46. Scherzer 2007, p. 210.
  47. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 127.
  48. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 60.

Bibliography
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  • Bergström, Christer. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  • Bergström, Christer; Dikov, Andrey; Antipov, Vlad; Sundin, Claes (2006). Black Cross / Red Star Air War Over the Eastern Front, Volume 3, Everything for Stalingrad. Hamilton MT: Eagle Editions. ISBN 978-0-9761034-4-8.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
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