March 1917

1917

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

<<	March 1917					>>
Su	Mo	Tu	We	Th	Fr	Sa
				01	02	03
04	05	06	07	08	09	10
11	12	13	14	15	16	17
18	19	20	21	22	23	24
25	26	27	28	29	30	31

The following events occurred in March 1917:

March 1, 1917 (Thursday)

• Colonel General Arthur Arz von Straußenburg replaced Field Marshal Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf to become the last Chief of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff. Conrad was given command of the South Tyrolean Army Group.[1]
• Toplica Uprising – Serbian Chetniks occupied Lebane, Serbia as part of efforts to liberate the country from the Central Powers.[2]
• Royal Navy destroyer HMS Pheasant struck a mine and sank in the Atlantic Ocean west of the Orkney Islands with the loss of 88 crew.[3]
• British hospital ship HMHS Glenart Castle struck a mine and was damaged in the English Channel. She was repaired and returned to service.[4]
• The U.S. Government enacted the Flood Control Act in order to respond to costly floods in the Mississippi River and Ohio River between 1907 and 1913.[5]
• Teatro Nacional de El Salvador, the oldest theater in Central America, was inaugurated in San Salvador.[6]
• The Pontifical Catholic University of Peru was founded in Lima.[7]
• Born: Robert Lowell, American poet, 6th United States Poet Laureate, in Boston (d. 1977); Tom Keating, English art restorer and art forger, credited for creating 2,000 forgeries from over 100 artists, in Lewisham, London, England (d. 1984); Ralph J. Gleason, American music critic, founding editor of Rolling Stone and co-founder of the Monterey Jazz Festival, in New York City (d. 1975)
• Died: Antonina Miliukova, Russian matriarch, wife to composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (b. 1848)

March 2, 1917 (Friday)

• The enactment of the Jones–Shafroth Act granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship.[8]
• The Guilford Courthouse National Military Park was established near Greensboro, North Carolina.[9]
• The New Birmingham Orchestra was established in Birmingham, England and ran until 1919 before it was dissolved and replaced by the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra.[10]
• Born: Desi Arnaz, Cuban-American actor, musician, and television producer, co-founder of Desilu Productions, husband to Lucille Ball, in Santiago de Cuba (d. 1986); Harriet Frank Jr., American screenwriter, known for her screenplay collaborations with husband Irving Ravetch for director Martin Ritt for The Long, Hot Summer, Hud and Norma Rae, in Portland, Oregon
• Born: Laurie Baker, British-Indian architect, pioneered cost-effective energy-efficient architecture, in Birmingham (d. 2007); John Gardner, English composer, known for his prolific output from orchestral, such as Symphony No 1 in D Minor, Op.2, to Christmas carols including the adaptation of "Tomorrow Shall Be My Dancing Day", in Manchester (d. 2011); P. N. Oak, Indian historian, known for his theories that Christianity and Islam originated from Hinduism, in Indore, British India (d. 2007)

March 3, 1917 (Saturday)

• Some 20,000 workers were locked out at the Putilov Plant, the largest factory in Petrograd, following disputes with plant authorities on the denial of a pay increase. The workers then organized a general strike to protest.[11]
• Toplica Uprising – Serbian Chetniks freed Prokuplje, Serbia.[12]
• Zimmermann Telegram – Arthur Zimmermann, State Secretary of Foreign Affairs for the German Empire, said to an American journalist about the intercepted coded telegram, "I cannot deny it. It is true."[13]
• British troopship Connaught was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel by German submarine SM U-48 with the loss of three crew.[14]
• John Ford debuted as a director with the film The Tornado, with himself starring in the lead role. The film is now considered lost.[15]
• New York City transit stations for the IRT White Plains Road Line, including Allerton Avenue, Bronx Park East, Burke Avenue, East 180th Street, Gun Hill Road, Nereid Avenue, Pelham Parkway, 219th Street, 225th Street, and 233rd Street were opened for service.[16][17]
• Born: Sameera Moussa, Egyptian nuclear scientist, creator of the "Atoms for Peace" movement, in El Gharbia, Egypt (d. 1952, killed in a car accident); Dave P. Tyndall Jr., Irish business leader, known for his supermarket chains in Ireland, held the title in the Guinness Book of Records for oldest person to pilot a helicopter solo (d. 2006); David Fairbairn, Australian air force officer and politician, commander of the No. 79 Squadron during World War II, member of the Parliament of Australia for Farrer from 1949 to 1975, in Surrey, England (d. 1994)

March 4, 1917 (Sunday)

• The Central Council of Ukraine was established in Kiev with Mykhailo Hrushevsky as parliament head.[18]
• French forces under the command of Louis Franchet d'Espèrey launched a limited attack against the Germans on the Western Front when it was apparent the army was withdrawing. While the attack had some success, it failed to disrupt the organized withdraw as French commander-in-chief Robert Nivelle held resources back for a planned spring offensive.[19]
• The first American Dog Derby was held in Ashton, Idaho. Subsequent races have been held annually during the third week of February.[20]
• Born: Clyde McCullough, American baseball player, catcher for the Chicago Cubs and Pittsburgh Pirates from 1940 to 1956, in Nashville, Tennessee (d. 1982)

March 5, 1917 (Monday)

• Woodrow Wilson was sworn in for a second term as President of the United States.[21]
• Republican Jeannette Rankin of Montana became the first woman member of the United States House of Representatives.[22]
• Toplica Uprising – Serbian Chetniks freed Blace, Serbia, and expanded the rebellion into the regions of West Morava and the Sokobanja and Svrljig areas.[12]
• Mesopotamian campaign – A British force of 50,000 men under command of Lieutenant-General Frederick Stanley Maude began their march from Kut to Baghdad.[23]
• Danish passenger ship Copenhagen was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea by German submarine SM UC-61 with the loss of six lives.[24]
• The 39 miles (62.8 km) of railroad from Izingolweni to Harding, South Africa was completed.[25]
• Harry C. Wheeler, sheriff of Cochise County, Arizona, and his deputy were ambushed by Mexican bootleggers near the town of Gleeson, Arizona. Both lawmen traded gunfire with the gang, wounding one and forcing the rest to flee without their contraband alcohol. The gunfight was considered one of the last recorded Old West style gunfights.[26][27][28]
• The comedy-drama The Poor Little Rich Girl, starring Mary Pickford and directed by Maurice Tourneur, was released. Screenwriter Frances Marion adapted it from the hit play by Eleanor Gates. The film was a box office success and became one of Pickford's trademark films. It is preserved by the National Film Registry and Library of Congress.[29]
• Born: Raymond P. Shafer, American politician, 39th Governor of Pennsylvania, in New Castle, Pennsylvania (d. 2006); István Fenyő, Hungarian mathematician, best known for his research into applied mathematics, author of On the theory of mean values, in Budapest (d. 1987)
• Died: Manuel de Arriaga, Portuguese state leader, first President of Portugal (b. 1840)

March 6, 1917 (Tuesday)

• British cargo ship Caldergrove was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by German submarine SM U-44 with the loss of 19 crew.[30]
• The Polski Komitet Wykonawczy, the Polish representative governing body in the Ukraine, was established in Kiev.[31]
• Born: Samael Aun Weor, Colombian religious leader, founder of the Universal Christian Gnostic Movement, in Bogota (d. 1977); Donald Davidson, American philosopher, leading expert of philosophy of language and philosophy of action including the slingshot argument, in Springfield, Massachusetts (d. 2003)
• Born: Will Eisner, American comic book artist, creator of the Spirit, author of the graphic novel A Contract with God, in New York City (d. 2005); Frankie Howerd, British comedian, known for comedic roles such as the British TV series Up Pompeii!, in York (d. 1992)
• Died: Jules Vandenpeereboom, Belgian state leader, 17th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1843); Valdemar Psilander, Danish actor, best known for roles including the Danish version of The Picture of Dorian Gray, A Victim of the Mormons and The Secret of the Desert (b. 1884); Cecil Brown, Hawaiian politician, member of the Legislature of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1876 to 1892 and Senator for the Republic of Hawaii from 1895 to 1913 (b. 1850)

March 7, 1917 (Wednesday)

• British Prime Minister David Lloyd George announced that Great Britain was ready to confer self-government to the parts of Ireland that wanted it, adding the north-eastern part (now Northern Ireland) would not be "coerced".[32]
• The strike at the Putilov Plant expanded to 100,000 protesters in Petrograd.[33]
• The Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia was established using Romanian prisoners of war ordered to fight against Romania and would be involved in the battles of Mărăști and Mărășești.[34]
• "Livery Stable Blues", by the Original Dixieland Jass Band, became the first jazz recording commercially released.[35]
• Born: Janet Collins, American ballet choreographer, pioneered ballet for African-American dancers, in New Orleans (d. 2003); Ted W. Lawson, American air force officer, member of the Doolittle Raid and author of Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo, recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross, in Fresno, California (d. 1992); Reginald Maudling, British politician, held several cabinet posts for the Winston Churchill, Edward Heath and Harold Macmillan administrations, Member of Parliament for Chipping Barnet from 1950 to 1979, in London (d. 1979)

March 8, 1917 (Thursday)

• Fall of Baghdad – British forces reached the Diyala River 35 kilometers south of the city.[36]
• February Revolution – Train delays delivering bread and flour to Petrograd due to weather and war conditions exasperated existing protests surrounding a strike at the Putilov Plant. Most of the 50,000 protesters for the bread and flour shortages were women who had gathered to celebrate International Women's Day.[37]
• Scores of Romanian prisoners of war volunteered for Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia to fight against the Central Powers.[38]
• The U.S. Senate adopted the cloture rule in order to limit filibusters at the urging of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, after a group of 12 anti-war senators managed to kill a bill that would have allowed Wilson to arm merchant vessels in the face of unrestricted German submarine warfare.[39]
• British collier ship Storstad was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by German submarine SM U-62 with the loss of three crew.[40]
• The P. G. Wodehouse short story collection The Man with Two Left Feet was published in Great Britain by Methuen Publishing.[41]
• Born: Leslie Fiedler, American literary critic, author of Love and Death in the American Novel, in Newark, New Jersey (d. 2003)
• Died: Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German inventor, developer of the famous Zeppelin airship (b. 1838)

March 9, 1917 (Friday)

• February Revolution – Protests in Petrograd calling all for the end of the Russian autocracy grew to an estimated 200,000 to 500,000 people, bring all industrial activity in the city to a standstill by the following day.[42]
• The Special Transcaucasian Committee was established the authority of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich for all military and civil matters related to Transcaucasia region.[43]
• Fall of Baghdad – Ottoman forces held off an initial attack by the British on Diyala River, causing command to shift most of its forces north of the city. Ottoman forces shifted in kind leaving a single regiment to defend the river banks.[36]
• The Hell Gate Bridge in New York City was officially opened.[44]
• Born: Rafael Celestino Benítez, Puerto Rican-American naval officer, commander of the submarine USS Cochino during World War II, recipient of the Bronze Star and two Silver Stars, vice-president of the Latin America regions for Pan American World Airways, in Juncos, Puerto Rico (d. 1999); Zuzanna Ginczanka, Polish poet, author of the poetry collection About the Centaurs, in Warsaw (d. 1945, executed); Algirdas Julien Greimas, Lithuanian-French linguist, developer of the semiotic square, in Tula, Russia (d. 1992)

March 10, 1917 (Saturday)

• February Revolution – Nicholas II of Russia wired Sergey Semyonovich Khabalov, commander of all military forces in Petrograd, to use rifle fire and other means to suppress rioting.[45]
• February Revolution – Mikhail Rodzianko, Chairman of the State Duma (Russian Parliament) called on the chairman of the Council of Ministers Nikolai Golitsyn to resign, only later to have Foreign Affairs Minister Nikolai Pokrovsky propose the resignation of the whole government.[46]
• Fall of Baghdad – The Ottoman regiment on the Diyala River was defeated, leaving the southern edge of Baghdad undefended. All Ottoman forces were forced to withdraw into the city.[36]
• German auxiliary cruiser SMS Möwe exchanged fire and sank armed New Zealand merchant ship SS Otaki in the Atlantic Ocean but was damaged as well. The German ship took over 200 prisoners from both Otaki and another ship it had scuttled earlier, as well as killing five sailors, but lost five crew and another 10 wounded.[47]
• British submarine HMS G13 torpedoed and sank German U-boat SM UC-43 in the North Sea with the loss of all 26 crew.[48]
• The Royal Navy destroyer Taurus was launched by John I. Thornycroft & Company in Southampton, England and would serve with the Harwich Force for the rest of World War I.[49]
• Born: Zbigniew Ścibor-Rylski, Polish air force officer, member of the Polish resistance movement in World War II, recipient of the Cross of Valour and Virtuti Militari for service with the Polish Land Forces, in Brovki-Pershi, Russian Empire (d. 2018); William George Wilson, American cinematographer, pioneer of sports cinematography, in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania (d. 2007)

March 11, 1917 (Sunday)

• Fall of Baghdad – Ottoman forces evacuated Baghdad, allowing the British to enter and occupy the city with little to no fighting. Some 9,000 Ottoman soldiers were captured.[36]
• With no formal opposition against him, Venustiano Carranza was elected by concession to become the 37th President of Mexico.[50]
• February Revolution – General Nikolai Iudovich Ivanov was promoted to command the military forces in Petrograd, but already many soldiers with the Pavlovsky Regiment garrison in Petrograd had mutinied following an incident where police shot into a crowd and killed 200 protesters. The mutinies spread and frustrated the general's chances with Minister of Interior Alexander Protopopov to suppress the unrest.[51][52]
• Born: Thomas Burton Adams Jr., American politician, 10th Lieutenant Governor of Florida, 15th Secretary of State of Florida, in Jacksonville, Florida (d. 2006); Robert L. Carter, American judge, presided the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York from 1972 to 2012, in Caryville, Florida (d. 2012)
• Died: William Henry Hosking, British-New Zealand physician, produced the first X-rays in New Zealand (b. 1841); Yitzchok Friedman, Jewish religious leader, first Rebbe of the Boyan Hasidic dynasty (b. 1850); Jack Reynolds, English association football player, played forward for many clubs including Aston Villa F.C. from 1886 to 1905, as well as both the Ireland and England national football teams (b. 1869)

March 12, 1917 (Monday)

• Battle of Monastir – A French force of five divisions under command of Maurice Sarrail attacked Bulgarian and German positions north and west of the city of Monastir, Serbia that the Allies had captured in December to ensure the city did not fall back into the hands of the Central Powers.[53]
• Toplica Uprising – Combined Bulgarian and Austro-Hungarian forces counterattacked the Serbian Chetniks in efforts to quell the rebellion.[54]
• February Revolution – Mikhail Rodzianko and others formed the Provisional Committee of the State Duma as the official government of Russia but were contested by the formation of the Petrograd Soviet. Meanwhile, the Council of Ministers of Russia met for the last time where Minister of Interior Alexander Protopopov and the rest agreed to dissolve the government. Rodzianko sent a telegram to Nicholas II of Russia to notify that the government was dissolving. Most of the remaining authorities retreated to safety to the Winter Palace as the Petrograd went firmly into control of the revolutionaries.[55]
• British submarine HMS E49 struck a mine and sank off the Shetland Islands with the loss of all 30 crew.[56]
• Royal Navy destroyer HMS Skate was torpedoed and damaged in the North Sea by German submarine SM UC-69 with the loss of a crew member. She was repaired and returned to service.[57]
• Born: Leonard Chess, Polish-American music executive, co-founder of Chess Records, in Motal, Poland (now part of Belarus) (d. 1969); Googie Withers, British actress, best known with her collaborations with husband and actor John McCallum, in Karachi, British India (d. 2011); Milton Resnick, Russian-American painter, member of the Abstract expressionist movement, in Bratslav, Russian Empire (d. 2004)

March 13, 1917 (Tuesday)

• Samarrah Offensive – A British force of 45,000 men under command of Frederick Stanley Maude launched an offensive to capture the 130 km (81 mi) railroad running north from Baghdad to Samarrah to ensure Ottoman forces could not regroup and threaten British occupation of central Mesopotamia (now Iraq).[58]
• February Revolution – The bulk of the Petrograd garrison mutinied, with 60,000 soldiers joining the revolutionaries and dispersing 40,000 rifles to street militias.[59] Meanwhile, Minister of Interior Alexander Protopopov surrendered to revolutionaries at Tauride Palace.[60]
• The British ended their raids on German-held territory around the Ancre Valley in France.[61]
• British and German colonial forces clashed at Nambanje in German East Africa. The British were driven back and suffered 18 casualties.[62]
• German submarine SM UC-68 accidentally struck one of her own mines and sunk off the coast of England with the loss of all 26 crew.[63]
• The U.S. Army established the 6th Aero Squadron in Hawaii, with three Curtiss N-9 seaplanes in service.[64][65]
• Al-Zaura, an official Baghdad newspaper for the Ottoman Empire in Mesopotamia, released its last edition before British authorities shut it down.[66]
• Born: Robert Mark, English law enforcer, Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis in London from 1972 to 1977, in Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester, England (d. 2010)

March 14, 1917 (Wednesday)

• The Republic of China terminated diplomatic relations with Germany.[67]
• Toplica Uprising – Bulgarian forces wrested control of Prokuplje, Serbia back from the Serbian Chetniks.[68]
• Battle of Monastir – French troops assaulted Hill 1248 held by Bulgarian forces north of Monastir, Serbia that was being used for artillery barrages.[69]
• British ocean liner Orsova struck a mine and was damaged in the Atlantic Ocean with the loss of eight lives. She was beached off the coast of England but was later refloated.[70]
• Born: Richard Rose, American philosopher, noted thinker on esotericism and investigator in paranormal phenomena, in Benwood, West Virginia (d. 2005)
• Died: Zenas Ferry Moody, American politician, 7th Governor of Oregon (b. 1832); Fernand Labori, French lawyer, noted defender for Alfred Dreyfus (b. 1860)

March 15, 1917 (Thursday)

• February Revolution – Nicholas II of Russia abdicated his throne and his son's claims, sending in motion the end of the Russian Empire after 196 years.[71]
• The 4th Infantry Brigade of New Zealand was established.[72]
• The Ho Hong Bank was formally registered as a financial institution in Malaysia, and would provide services until 1932.[73]

March 16, 1917 (Friday)

• February Revolution – Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia refused the throne of the Russian Empire, allowing power to be passed to the newly formed Russian Provisional Government under Prince Georgy Lvov.[74][75]
• February Revolution – The Duma formally announced the new Russian Provisional Government to the public in the Russian daily newspaper Izvestia.[76]
• German forces began an organized retreat 40 kilometres (25 mi) back to the proposed Hindenburg Line, which gave up more territory to the Allies than all its military operations could from 1914 to early 1917 but allowed better defense against future offensives.[77][78]
• Toplica Uprising – Austro-Hungarian forces drove the Serbian Chetniks out of Kuršumlija, Serbia.[79]
• British cruiser HMS Achilles and armed merchant ship SS Dundee sank German cruiser SMS Leopard with all 319 crew killed. British casualties included six boarding party members.[80]
• Germany began Operation Türkenkreuz ("Turk's Cross"), a heavier-than-air bombing campaign against England.[81][82]
• Royal Naval Air Service launched the first night bombings using Handley Page Type O bombers to destroy naval bases, railways, and industrial targets in Germany.[83]
• Died: John Studebaker, American industrialist, co-founder of the Studebaker automobile company (b. 1833)

March 17, 1917 (Saturday)

• Aristide Briand resigned as Prime Minister of France and was replaced by Alexandre Ribot, making it the fourth and final time the French leader held the position.[84]
• An Imperial German Navy squadron raided the British ports of Ramsgate and Margate, where in the ensuring battle with the Royal Navy, managed to torpedo and sink Royal Navy destroyer HMS Paragon before withdrawing.[85][86]
• The Australian 6th Division was established, with units including the 16th, 17th and 18th Brigades. However, it was broken up in September before it formally saw actions and troops enlisted were redistributed into other units.[87]
• British passenger ship Antony was torpedoed and sunk in the Irish Sea by German submarine SM UC-48 with the loss of 55 lives.[88]
• The sorority Delta Phi Epsilon was established at New York University School of Law.[89]
• The Gaelic football club Dorsey Emmet's GFC was established in Dorsey, County Armagh, Ireland.[90]
• Lea County, New Mexico was incorporated, with its county seat in Lovington, New Mexico.[91]
• Born: Brian Boydell, Irish composer, known for compositions In Memoriam Mahatma Gandhi and String Quartet, op. 31, in Howth, Ireland (d. 2000); Bernard Barker, Cuban-American intelligence officer, member of the Watergate burglaries, in Havana (d. 2009); Hans Philipp, German air force officer, commander of the Jagdgeschwader 1 and Jagdgeschwader 54 squadrons for the Luftwaffe during World War II, recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, in Meissen, Germany (d. 1943, killed in action)
• Died: Franz Brentano, German philosopher and psychologist, developed the concept of intentionality (b. 1838); Hippolyte Blanc, Scottish architect, best known for his churches in Scotland including the Mayfield Free Church (now Mayfield Salisbury Church) in Edinburgh (b. 1844)

March 18, 1917 (Sunday)

• Battle of Monastir – French troops temporarily captured Hill 1248 and 1,200 Bulgarian prisoners.[92]
• Royal Navy minesweeper PS Duchess of Montrose struck a mine and sank in the North Sea with the loss of 12 of her crew.[93]
• German submarine SM UB-6 was scuttled after running aground at the mouth of the Maas River in the Netherlands.[94]
• The first edition of the daily newspaper Excélsior was distributed in Mexico City, making it the second-oldest Mexican paper after El Universal.[95]
• The last edition of the Russian daily newspaper Russkoye Znamya was released, after which it was shut down by the Petrograd Soviet.[96]
• Solidarity, a labor newspaper published by the Industrial Workers of the World, released its last edition, after which it was replaced by the Defense News Bulletin (which folded the following year).[97]
• Born: Riccardo Brengola, Italian violinist, considered one of the top Italian violinists in the 20th century for solo and collaboration work with conductors Carlo Maria Giulini and Igor Markevitch, in Naples (d. 2004); Nan Huai-Chin, Chinese philosopher, major leader in the revival of Chinese Buddhism, in Wenzhou, China (d. 2012)
• Died: Károly Ferenczy, Hungarian painter, known for such works as The Three Magi and Orpheus (b. 1862)

March 19, 1917 (Monday)

• Lieutenant-General Frederick Stanley Maude, commander of British forces in newly-occupied Baghdad, issued a proclamation to assure the city population that "Our armies do not come into your cities and lands as conquerors or enemies, but as liberators."[98]
• Samarrah Offensive – British forces captured Fallujah.[99]
• French battleship Danton was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea by German submarine SM U-64 with the loss of 296 of her 1,102 crew.[100]
• The United States Supreme Court upheld the eight-hour workday for railroads.[101]
• American fighter pilot James Rogers McConnell was shot down and killed while engaging two German planes over France. He was the last member of the Lafayette Escadrille to be killed in action prior to the United States entering World War I.[102]
• The Ansaldo SVA aircraft took flight.[103]
• The comic opera Eileen, written by Victor Herbert and Henry Blossom, opened at the Shubert Theatre in New York City. It ran for 64 shows before going on tour. A fire destroyed the sets and costumes three months into the tour and the show wasn't revived until 1982.[104]
• Born: Dinu Lipatti, Romanian pianist, best known for live and record performances of Chopin, in Bucharest (d. 1950); Michael Bialoguski, Polish-Australian intelligence officer, participant in the 1954 Petrov Affair, in Kiev (d. 1984); Payton Jordan, American athletics trainer, coach of the 1968 US Olympic track and field team which won a record total of 24 medals including 12 gold, in Whittier, California (d. 2009)

March 20, 1917 (Tuesday)

• Germany completed its withdrawal to the Hindenburg Line, which was 40–45 kilometres (25–28 mi) shorter than the previous one and could be defended with fewer units, freeing up 13 or 14 divisions for action on the Eastern Front. [105]
• British hospital ship HMHS Asturias was damaged in the English Channel by German submarine SM UC-66 with the loss of 35 lives. She was beached and later salvaged.[106]
• A motion to reduce the salary of the British Prime Minister by £100 was introduced in the British House of Commons as a protest against the refusal to publish the proceedings of the 1916 Rising courts martial.
• Lieutenant Frank Hubert McNamara became the first, and only, Australian airman to receive the Victoria Cross during World War I.[107]
• Japanese research institute Riken was established as a private foundation with Kikuchi Dairoku as the first director.[108]
• Born: Vera Lynn, English actress and singer, popular performer for Entertainments National Service Association during World War II with wartime hits "We'll Meet Again", "The White Cliffs of Dover", "A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square" and "There'll Always Be an England", in East Ham, London, England (d. 2020)
• Born: Haddon Donald, New Zealand army officer and politician, commander of the 22nd Battalion during World War II, recipient of the Military Cross, Legion of Merit, and Distinguished Service Order, Member of New Zealand Parliament from 1963 to 1969, in Masterton, New Zealand (d. 2018); Chaim Goldberg, Polish Jewish artist, known for works of pre-war daily Jewish life, survivor of the Holocaust, in Kazimierz Dolny, Poland (d. 2004)

March 21, 1917 (Wednesday)

• Great Britain formed an Imperial War Cabinet to coordinate all military action in the British Empire during World War I.
• Norwegian ship Najade was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by German submarine SM U-59 with the loss of all 21 crew on-board.[109]
• Born: Yigael Yadin, Israeli politician, 2nd Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces, in Jerusalem (d. 1984); Michael S. Davison, American army officer, Commander in Chief of the United States Army Europe from 1971 to 1975, in San Francisco (d. 2006)
• Born: Frank Hardy, Australian writer, author of Power Without Glory, in Southern Cross, Victoria, Australia (d. 1994); Anton Coppola, American conductor and composer, known for his collaborations with the New York City Opera and founder of Opera Tampa, uncle to Francis Ford Coppola and Talia Shire (d. 2020)
• Died: Alfred Einhorn, German chemist, creator of procaine, known popularly by the brand Novocaine (b. 1856); Edward William Cornelius Humphrey, American theologian, leading proponent of modernizing Presbyterianism in United States (b. 1844)

March 22, 1917 (Thursday)

• The American Protective League was established to allow private citizens to report to U.S. federal enforcement agencies any suspicions of espionage during World War I, growing to 250,000 members in 600 cities.[110]
• Indian guru Paramahansa Yogananda founded the Yogoda Satsanga Society of India.[111]
• The borough Beachwood, New Jersey was incorporated.[112]
• Born: Virginia Grey, American actress, starred in over 100 films starting with the silent version of Uncle Tom's Cabin to Madame X, in Edendale, Los Angeles, California (d. 2004)

March 23, 1917 (Friday)

• Royal Navy destroyer HMS Laforey struck a mine and sank in the English Channel with the loss of 59 of her 77 crew.[113]
• A tornado struck New Albany, Indiana, killing 46 people and injuring 250 more. Over 300 homes were destroyed along with two schools and a factory. Another tornado struck Flat Rock, Illinois, damaging 40 farms and causing one fatality.[114]
• The Nevada Department of Transportation was established in Carson City, Nevada.[115]
• Born: Kenneth Tobey, American actor, best known for lead roles in 1950s sci-fi thrillers including The Thing from Another World and It Came from Beneath the Sea, in Oakland, California (d. 2002); Thomas Dalton-Morgan, British air force officer, commander of the No. 43 Squadron during World War II, recipient of the Distinguished Service Order and Distinguished Flying Cross for action during the Battle of Britain, in Cardiff (d. 2004)
• Born: Oscar Shumsky, Russian-American violinist and conductor, considered on the greatest American violinists which noted recordings on Bach, Beethoven and Mozart, in Philadelphia (d. 2000); Josef Locke, Irish singer, best known popular Irish ballads and songs modified from operas including Hear My Song, Violetta, in Derry, Ireland (d. 1999)

March 24, 1917 (Saturday)

• William Holman of the Nationalist Party of Australia beat Labor Party leader John Storey in the New South Wales state election of Australia. Holman was elected with 47 of the vote to become the 19th Premier of New South Wales.[116]
• Born: Constantine Andreou, Brazilian artist, recipient of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres and Legion of Honour, in São Paulo (d. 2007); John Kendrew, British molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for research into heme-containing proteins, in Oxford (d. 1997)

March 25, 1917 (Sunday)

• Toplica Uprising – The Central Powers regained full control of Serbia from the Chetniks, ending the rebellion.[117]
• The Georgian Orthodox Church restored the autocephaly abolished by Imperial Russia in 1811.[118]
• The sorority Sigma Delta Tau was established at Cornell University with all Jewish members, although from the start it was an inclusive sorority. It now has over 100 chapters and 60,000 initiates.[119]
• Swedish association football governing bodies Blekinge Fotbollförbund, Bohusläns Fotbollförbund, and Södermanlands Fotbollförbund were established to manage regional league clubs for the Swedish Football Association.[120]
• Born: Barbara Jefferis, Australian writer, author of Undercurrent and Time of the Unicorn, in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (d. 2004)
• Born: Alexander S. Williams, Canadian-American law enforcer, police inspector for the New York City Police Department during the 1870s and 1880s (b. 1839)

March 26, 1917 (Monday)

• First Battle of Gaza – The Egyptian Expeditionary Force encircled the Gaza garrison but were then ordered to withdraw, leaving the city to the Ottoman defenders. British casualties included 523 killed, 2,932 wounded and 512 missing. Ottoman casualties were 300 dead, 750 wounded and 600 missing.[121]
• The Seattle Metropolitans defeated the Montreal Canadiens in the Stanley Cup Finals by three games to one.[122][123]
• Chulalongkorn University was established in Bangkok, the oldest post-secondary institution in Thailand.[124]
• The Imperial War Museum was established by the British Imperial War Cabinet.[125][126]
• The boroughs of Keansburg and Teterboro, New Jersey were incorporated.[127]
• Born: Rufus Thomas, American R&B musician, best known for his novelty dance records "Walking the Dog", "Do the Funky Chicken", and "(Do the) Push and Pull", in Cayce, Mississippi (d. 2001); Ruth Gilbert, New Zealand poet, known for poem collections including Selected Poems, recipient of the New Zealand Order of Merit, in Greytown, New Zealand (d. 2016)

March 27, 1917 (Tuesday)

• The No. 4 Squadron of the Australian Flying Corps was re-designated the No. 71 Squadron to avoid confusion with the existing No. 4 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps.[128]
• The comic opera La rondine by Giacomo Puccini premiered at the Opéra de Monte-Carlo.[129]
• The Argentine sports club Obras Sanitarias was established in Núñez, Buenos Aires as a rugby club, but later became better known for its basketball team.[130]
• The borough Barrington, New Jersey was incorporated.[131]
• Born: Cyrus Vance, American politician, 57th United States Secretary of State, in Clarksburg, West Virginia (d. 2002); Harry West, Irish politician, leader of the Ulster Unionist Party from 1974 to 1979, member of Irish Parliament from 1954 to 1974, in Enniskillen, Ireland (d. 2004)
• Died: Moses Jacob Ezekiel, American sculptor, best known for his sculptures including Anthony J. Drexel, Homer and the Confederate Memorial (b. 1844); Joseph Braithwaite, British-New Zealand politician, 30th Mayor of Dunedin (b. 1848); Percy Cherry, Australian army officer, recipient of the Victoria Cross (killed at Lagnicourt, France) (b. 1895)

March 28, 1917 (Wednesday)

• The British Women's Army Auxiliary Corps was established.[132]
• Died: Albert Pinkham Ryder, American painter, known for works including Siegfried and the Rhine Maidens and The Race Track (Death on a Pale Horse) (b. 1847)

March 29, 1917 (Thursday)

• Zimmermann Telegram – Arthur Zimmermann, State Secretary of Foreign Affairs for the German Empire, publicly admitted in the Reichstag (German Parliament) that the telegram was genuine and it was the intention of Germany to propose a military alliance with Mexico against the United States.[133]
• The United States Army formed the 7th Aero Squadron for service in the Panama Canal Zone.[134]
• The Broadway musical Leave It to Jane premiered at the Longacre Theatre in New York City, with music by Jerome Kern and book and lyrics by Guy Bolton and P. G. Wodehouse, and based on the 1904 play The College Widow by George Ade.[135]
• Stockholms Fotbollförbund was added to the growing association football governing bodies established within the Swedish Football Association.[136]
• Born: Man o' War, champion thoroughbred racehorse, considered the greatest racehorse of all time with 20 wins including two Triple Crowns, in Lexington, Kentucky (d. 1947)
• Died: Edvin Bergroth, Finnish engineer, manager of the Hietalahti shipyard and Engineering Works and chairman of Tampella (b. 1836)

March 30, 1917 (Friday)

• Hjalmar Hammarskjöld stepped down as Prime Minister of Sweden and was replaced by the right-wing businessman and politician Carl Swartz.[137]
• The National Moldavian Party was formed following a four-day meeting organized by nationalist leader Vasile Stroescu among the political elite of Bessarabia in Eastern Europe.[138]
• Born: Herbert Anderson, American actor, best known as Henry Mitchell in the 1959 television sitcom Dennis the Menace, in Oakland, California (d. 1994)

March 31, 1917 (Saturday)

• The United States took possession of the Danish West Indies after paying $25 million to Denmark, becoming the Virgin Islands.[139]
• British hospital ship HMHS Gloucester Castle was torpedoed and damaged in the English Channel off the Isle of Wight by German submarine SM UB-32 with the loss of three crew. She was subsequently repaired and returned to service.[140]
• Died: Emil von Behring, German chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering an antitoxin for diphtheria (b. 1854); James Fynn, British soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross (killed in action during the Mesopotamian Campaign (b. 1893)

References

1. Rothenburg, G. E. (1976). The Army of Francis Joseph (Eurospan 1998 ed.). West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press. pp. 202–03. ISBN 0-91119-841-5.
2. Mladenović, Božica (2007). Топлички устанак 1917: збирка докумената. Istorijski institut. p. 10. GGKEY:X5X73Z78UTZ.
3. "HMS Pheasant". Uboat.net. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
4. "Glenart Castle". Uboat.net. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
5. Flood Control Act of 1917, USACE Mississippi Valley Division Archived 2008-09-17 at the Wayback Machine
6. "National Theatre of San Salvador". Secreteria de Cultura de la Presidencia. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
7. "History - Origins". PUCP (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 April 2017.
8. Glass, Andrew (March 2, 2008). "Puerto Ricans granted U.S. citizenship March 2, 1917". Politico.
9. William F. Hubbard (February 1975). "Guilford Courthouse National Military Park" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places - Nomination and Inventory. North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office. Retrieved 2014-11-01.
10. King-Smith, Beresford (1995). Crescendo! 75 years of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra. London: Methuen. pp. 17–18. ISBN 0413697401.
11. Grant, Johnathan A. “Putilov at War 1914-1917”. In Big Business in Russia: The Putilov Company in Late Imperial Russia, 1868-1917. Pittsburgh, Pa. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1999. pp. 115-116
12. Mladenović 2007, p. 10.
13. Meyer, Michael C. (1966). "The Mexican-German Conspiracy of 1915". The Americas. 23 (1): 76–89. doi:10.2307/980141. JSTOR 980141.
14. Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: U 48". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
15. "Progressive Silent Film List: The Tornado". Silent Era. Retrieved 2008-02-22.
16. "New Subway Line Opened: White Plains Extension is Now Running to 238th Street" (PDF). New York Times. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
17. "WHITE PLAINS ROAD EXTENSION OF SUBWAY OPENED TO THE PUBLIC; New Branch, Which Runs from 177th to 219th Street, Gives the Williamsbridge and Wakefield Sections of the East Bronx Rapid Transit for the First Time" (PDF). The New York Times. March 4, 1917.
18. (in Russian)The Central Rada in a scope of the Soviet perspective
19. Rickard, J. (2001). "Robert Georges Nivelle (1856–1924), French General". History of War. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2009.
20. Wickham, Neal C. (2 February 2009). "The First American Dog Derby". American Dog Derby.
21. "Inaugural History - Wilson 1917".
22. Laura van Assendelft and Jeffrey D. Schultz, Encyclopedia of Women in American Politics (1998) pp. 188, 310–18
23. Duffy, M. (2002). Battles: The Capture of Baghdad, 1917. The First World War. Retrieved 17 August 2005.
24. "Copenhagen". Uboat.net. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
25. Statement Showing, in Chronological Order, the Date of Opening and the Mileage of Each Section of Railway, Statement No. 19, p. 188, ref. no. 200954-13
26. "Wheeler's Last Gunfight" (PDF). Retrieved June 18, 2012.
27. "Gleeson Arizona: Laws and Lawmen" (PDF). Glenn Snow. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
28. "Gleeson, Arizona: The Story of the Gleeson Jail Restoration". Retrieved June 18, 2012.
29. The Poor Little Rich Girl as presented on Broadway at the Hudson Theatre January 21, 1913 to June 1913; IBDb.com
30. "Caldergrove". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
31. Ukraińska Republika Ludowa. www.kresy.pl
32. "Redmond Demands Home Rule At Once For All Of Ireland". The New York Times (March 8, 1917). March 7, 1917. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
33. Grant 1999, pp. 115-116
34. Mamina, Ion, Ugliș Delapecica, Petre, Dimitriu-Serea, G., Bocan, Ion, Tănăsescu, Fl., Butnaru, I., Dragne, Fl. and Bîrdeanu, N., "Voluntarii unității" ("Volunteers of Unity"), in Magazin Istoric, October 1968, p. 40-46
35. Martin, Henry; Waters, Keith (2005). Jazz: The First 100 Years. Cengage Learning. p. 55. ISBN 0-534-62804-4.
36. Duffy 2002. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDuffy2002 (help)
37. "February Revolution begins in Russia". History.com. A+E Networks. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
38. • Mamina, Ion, Ugliș Delapecica, Petre, Dimitriu-Serea, G., Bocan, Ion, Tănăsescu, Fl., Butnaru, I., Dragne, Fl. and Bîrdeanu, N., "Voluntarii unității" ("Volunteers of Unity"), in Magazin Istoric, October 1968, p. 40-46
39. "Filibuster and Cloture". United States Senate. Retrieved March 5, 2010.
40. "Storstad". Uboat.net. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
41. McIlvaine, E., Sherby, L.S. and Heineman, J.H. (1990) P.G. Wodehouse: A comprehensive bibliography and checklist. New York: James H. Heineman, pp. 31–32. ISBN 0-87008125-X.
42. "February Revolution begins in Russia". History.com.
43. Swietochowski, Tadeusz (1985). Russian Azerbaijan, 1905–1920: The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 85. ISBN 0-521-26310-7. Retrieved July 9, 2010.
44. Thom, William G.; Sturm, Robert C. (2006). The New York Connecting Railroad. Long Island-Sunrise Chapter, National Railway Historical Society. p. 46. ISBN 9780988691605.
45. Salisbury, Harrison E. (21 August 1981). Black Night White Snow. p. 372. ISBN 0-306-80154-X.
46. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2016). The Romanovs 1613–1918. p. 612. ISBN 978-0-297-85266-7.
47. Cranwell, John Philips (1970). Spoilers of the Sea. New York: Books for Libraries Press. p. 243. ISBN 0836915631.
48. Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: UC 43". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
49. "Harwich Force". Supplement to the Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: 13. January 1917.
50. "Carranza Garza Venustiano". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
51. Salisbury, pp. 349-350
52. Tames, Richard (1972). Last of the Tsars. London: Pan Books Ltd. p. 53.
53. Tucker, Spencer; Roberts, Priscilla Mary (2005), The Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social, and Military History, p. 667, ISBN 9781851094202
54. Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Dimitar Bechev, Scarecrow Press, 2009 ISBN 0810855658, p. 10.
55. Tony Cliff Lenin 2 Chapter 12 Lenin and Workers’ Control, section The Rise of Factory Committees
56. Innes McCartney; Tony Bryan (20 February 2013). British Submarines of World War I. Osprey Publishing. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-1-4728-0035-0.
57. "HMS Skate". Uboat.net. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
58. Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2014). World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection - 5 volumes. ABC-CLIO. p. 1411. ISBN 9781851099658.
59. Tames 1972, p. 55
60. Margarita Nelipa (2010) The Murder of Grigorii Rasputin. A Conspiracy That Brought Down the Russian Empire, p. 450. Gilbert's Books. ISBN 978-0-9865310-1-9.
61. Sheffield, G. (2011). The Chief: Douglas Haig and the British Army. London: Aurum Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-1-84513-691-8.
62. Chappell, Brad (2008-07-01). The Regimental Warpath 1914–1918. Ravi Rikhye. p. 398. ISBN 9780977607273.
63. Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: UC 68". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
64. Aviation Hawaii: 1879-1919 Chronology of Aviation in Hawaii
65. USAF Historical Studies: No. 98, The United States Army Air Arm, April 1861 to April 1917 USAF Historical Division, Research Studies Institute Air University, May 1958
66. "Title: Al Zaura". World Digital Library. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
67. "China Breaks Off German Relations". The New York Times (March 15, 1917). March 14, 1917. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
68. Richard C. Hall (3 May 2010). Balkan Breakthrough: The Battle of Dobro Pole 1918. Indiana University Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-253-00411-6.
69. The Encyclopedia of World War I, p. 667
70. "Orsova". Uboat.net. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
71. Tames 1972, p. 55
72. Crawford, John; McGibbon, Ian, eds. (2007). New Zealand's Great War: New Zealand, the Allies & the First World War. Auckland, New Zealand: Exisle Publishing Limited. pp. 250–53. ISBN 9780908988853.
73. The Straits Times, 19 March 1918, Page 7
74. M. Lynch, Reaction and Revolution: Russia 1894-1924 (3rd ed.), Hodder Murray, London 2005, pg. 79
75. O. Figes (1996) A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution, 1891–1924, p. 341-342, 345
76. "Announcement of the First Provisional Government, 3 March 1917". FirstWorldWar.com. 2002-12-29. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
77. Falls, C. (1992) [1940]. Military Operations France and Belgium 1917: The German Retreat to the Hindenburg Line and the Battles of Arras. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. I (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: HMSO. pp. 94–110. ISBN 978-0-89839-180-0.
78. Simkins, P.; Jukes, G.; Hickey, M. (2003). The First World War: The War to End All Wars. Oxford: Osprey. p. 119. ISBN 1-84176-738-7.
79. Hall 2010, p. 82
80. Newbolt, H. (2003) [1928]. Naval Operations. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents. IV (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Longmans. pp. 192–195. ISBN 1-84342-492-4. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
81. Chant, Chris, The World's Great Bombers, New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 2000, ISBN 0-7607-2012-6, p. 34.
82. Cole, Christopher; Cheesman, E. F. (1984). The Air Defence of Great Britain 1914–1918. London: Putnam. p. 198. ISBN 0-370-30538-8.
83. Crosby, Francis, The Complete Guide to Fighters & Bombers of the World: An Illustrated History of the World's Greatest Military Aircraft, From the Pioneering Days of Air Fighting in World War I Through the Jet Fighters and Stealth Bombers of the Present Day, London: Anness Publishing Ltd., 2006, ISBN 978-1-84476-917-9, p. 263.
84.  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Ribot, Alexandre Félix Joseph". Encyclopædia Britannica. 32 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. p. 274.
85. Newbolt, Henry (1928). History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Vol. IV. London: Longmans Green. OCLC 220475138.
86. Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (1969). Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (2006 ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
87. Mallett, Ross. "Sixth Division, AIF (England, February – September 1917)". 1st AIF Order of Battle. Archived from the original on 28 February 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
88. "Antony". Uboat.net. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
89. "The Founding of DPhiE". Delta Phi Epsilon. Archived from the original on 26 February 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
90. "Brief Overview of the Emmetts' History". Dorsey Emmetts. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2017.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
91. "Lea County - About". Lea County. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
92. The Encyclopedia of World War I, p. 667
93. "Lists of Naval Losses". battleships-cruisers.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-10-04.
94. Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: UB 6". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 19 February 2009.
95. Michael Werbowski (February 18, 2007). "'El Excelsior': The Rise and Fall of a Great Mexican Newspaper". World Press Review.
96. Repnikov A. V. "Русское знамя", газета (1905–1917) [Russkoye Znamya, a newspaper (1905–1917)] (in Russian). Encyclopedia of Saint Petersburg. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
97. Philip S. Foner, History of the Labor Movement in the United States, Vol. 4, The Industrial Workers of the World 1905-1917, International Publishers, 1997, p. 149
98. "The Proclamation of Baghdad". The WWI Document Archive. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
99. Tucker 2014, p. 1411
100. Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1906–1921. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-87021-907-8. OCLC 12119866.
101. "Eight-Hour Law Upheld By Court Divided 5 To 4". The New York Times (March 20, 1917). March 19, 1917. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
102. "McConnell, James Rogers | NCpedia". ncpedia.org. Retrieved 2016-05-16.
103. Donald, David, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1997, ISBN 0-7607-0592-5, p. 51
104. Clarke, Kevin. "The Irish Have a Great Day Tonight: “Eileen” on New World Records", Operetta Research Center September 4, 2014
105. Simkins 2003, p. 112. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSimkins2003 (help)
106. "Asturias". Uboat.net. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
107. "No. 30122". The London Gazette (2nd supplement). 8 June 1917. p. 5703.
108. "About RIKEN - The RIKEN Story". Riken. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
109. "Najade". Uboat.net. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
110. "Fighting Germany's Spies: VIII:The American Protective League". The World's Work. 36 (4): 393–401. August 1918.
111. "YSS Celebrates 100 Years". Yogoda Satsanga Society of India. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
112. Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 201. Accessed October 3, 2012.
113. Monograph No. 34: Home Waters—Part VIII: December 1916 to April 1917 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). XVIII. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1933. pp. 345–46.
114. Grazulis, Thomas (1993), Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events, St. Johnsbury, Vermont: Environmental Films, pp. 1–3, ISBN 1-879362-03-1
115. "NDOT Celebrates 100 Years". Nevada Department of Transportation. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
116. "Former members of the New South Wales Parliament, 1856-2006". New South Wales Parliament. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
117. Hall 2010, p. 82
118. Grdzelidze, Tamara (2011). ""Georgia, Patriarchal Orthodox Church of"". In John Anthony McGuckin (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. John Wiley & Sons. p. 274. ISBN 978-1-4051-8539-4. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
119. "Our History". Sigma Delta Tau. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
120. "Kontaktuppgifter och tävlingar - Blekinge Fotbollförbund" (in Swedish). Swedish Football Association. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
121. Falls, Cyril; G. MacMunn (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Volume 1. London: HM Stationery Office. pp. 293–315. OCLC 610273484.
122. Podnieks, Andrew; Hockey Hall of Fame (2004). Lord Stanley's Cup. Triumph Books. pp. 12, 49. ISBN 1-55168-261-3.
123. Diamond, Dan (ed.) (1992). The Official National Hockey League Stanley Cup Centennial Book. Firefly Books. pp. 48–49. ISBN 1-895565-15-4.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
124. "CU History". Retrieved 2016-09-28.
125. Kavanagh, Gaynor (January 1988). "Museum as Memorial: The origins of the Imperial War Museum". Journal of Contemporary History. 23 (1): 77–97 [81]. doi:10.1177/002200948802300105. ISSN 0022-0094. JSTOR 260869. S2CID 159747045.
126. 'National War Museum. The Collection of Relics And Souvenirs', The Times, 26 March 1917 Issue 41436, page 5 column C
127. Snyder 1969, pp. 87, 180
128. "71 Squadron". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
129. Gavin Plumly, "Puccini's Bittersweet Operetta", San Francisco Opera program, Nov/Dec 2007, pp. 30/31
130. "History of the Club". Obras Club (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 April 2017.
131. Snyder 1969, p. 103
132. Bidwell, Shelford. The Women's Royal Army Corps, p. 1.
133. Meyer 1966, p. 76
134. Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. p. 2. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979.
135. Kenrick, John. "History of The Musical Stage: 1910–1919: Part I", Musicals 101.com: The Cyber Encyclopedia of Musical Theatre, TV and Film, 2014, accessed February 10, 2016
136. "Kontaktuppgifter och tävlingar - Blekinge Fotbollförbund" (in Swedish). Swedish Football Association. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
137. "Sweden" (in Swedish). World Statesmen. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
138. Ion Nistor, Istoria Basarabiei, Cernăuţi, 1923, reprinted Chişinău, Cartea Moldovenească, 1991, p. 276
139. Wendt, Frantz (1951). "Rigsdagen 1915-40". In Bomholt, Jul.; Fabricius, Knud; Hjelholt, Holger; Mackeprang, M.; Møller, Andr. (eds.). Den danske rigsdag 1849-1949 bind II - Rigsdagens historie 1866-1949 (in Danish). Copenhagen: J. H. Schultz Forlag. p. 314.
140. "Gloucester Castle". Uboat.net. Retrieved 2 November 2012.