April 1921

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April 11, 1921: Britain creates Emirate of Transjordan east of Jordan River
April 28, 1921: Capablanca defeats Lasker for World Chess Championship

The following events occurred in April 1921:

April 10, 1921: Physicist Albert Einstein and Zionist activist Chaim Weizmann arrive in New York to lobby for Jewish state
April 15, 1921: Liberian President King visits U.S. President Harding


April 1, 1921 (Friday)
  • Eight people drowned in the sinking of the passenger ship SS Governor after it collided in the fog with the freighter SS West Harlland, but 232 others were safely rescued in the 20 minutes available before the ship sank. [1]
  • French pilot Adrienne Bolland made the first flight across the Andes by a woman, when she flew a Caudron G.3 from Mendoza, Argentina, to Santiago, Chile.[2]
  • Croatia's Republican Peasant Party launched the "Constitution of the Neutral Peasant Republic of Croatia".[3]
  • The lockout of striking coal miners in the United Kingdom began.[4]
  • An attempt to impeach Governor of Oklahoma J. B. Robertson failed when the state House of Representatives result was 42 for and 42 against, insufficient to pass the resolution for a trial. [5]
  • The cabinet of U.S. President Warren G. Harding issued a statement proclaiming that its members, individually, were in sympathy with the Allied Powers regarding Germany's indemnity payments. [5]

April 2, 1921 (Saturday)
Colonel Pessian

April 3, 1921 (Sunday)
  • Coal rationing began in the United Kingdom.[8]
  • The U.S. State Department announced the first "Pan-Pacific Educational Conference", to be held in Honolulu in August, inviting the representatives of all nations on the Pacific Ocean with the exception of the Soviet Union and Mexico. [5]
  • The German classic horror silent film, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, had its U.S. premiere with English-language dialogue cards at the Capitol Theatre in New York. [9][10]
  • Italian rider Costante Girardengo won the 14th Milan–San Remo cycle race. [11]
  • Died: Annie Louise Cary, 79, American opera contralto.

April 4, 1921 (Monday)

April 5, 1921 (Tuesday)

April 6, 1921 (Wednesday)
  • Simon Kimbangu reportedly carried out a miraculous healing in Belgian Congo, effectively founding the "Church of Jesus Christ on Earth through the Prophet Simon Kimbangu".[17]
The King of Italy

April 7, 1921 (Thursday)

April 8, 1921 (Friday)

April 9, 1921 (Saturday)
  • The Banco Nacional de Cuba, largest bank in Cuba, suspended operations after the collapse of the island's sugar export economy.[5]
  • In Georgia, white plantation owner Jasper S. Williams was convicted of the murder of an African-American employee. [5]
  • Born:

April 10, 1921 (Sunday)
Ishar Singh
  • Striking miners in Scotland and Wales brought operations to a halt in 38 coal mines by abandoning pumps and allowing the pits to flood. The number of men walking off the job exceeded 100,000. After a truce was brokered by the British government between the labour unions and the mining companies, the pumping of water was resumed later in the day to prevent irreparable damage to the mines. [30]
  • Chaim Weizmann and Albert Einstein were welcomed in New York City by supporters of Zionism and the proposition of the return of Israel as a Jewish state in the Mandate of Palestine. A reception for the two men at the Metropolitan Opera House filled every seat, including the orchestra pit, and attracted hundreds more who were willing to stand. [31]
  • Ishar Singh, a soldier of the British Indian Army fighting as part of the British Empire as part of the Waziristan campaign, risked his life to protect the 28th Punjabis unit, an act which later earned him recognition as the first Sikh winner of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for bravery in the United Kingdom.
  • Born:

April 11, 1921 (Monday)
Emir Abdullah of Transjordan [33]
  • The Emirate of Transjordan was created from the portion of the British Mandate for Palestine east of the River Jordan. [34] Abdullah, son of Hussein bin Ali al-Hashimi, King of the Hejaz (now part of Saudi Arabia), was selected by the British to be the ruler of the emirate, now the Kingdom of Jordan.
  • Nineteen of the 22 crew on the U.S. cargo ship Colonel Bowie died when the ship foundered in the Gulf of Mexico. [35]
  • Iowa reversed a longtime ban on the sale of cigarettes as Governor Nathan E. Kendall signed a bill permitting adults to purchase tobacco starting on July 4, 1921, in any locality that chose the option of legalizing the product. Kendall commented that "The original statute was sufficiently rigorous to banish cigarettes utterly," but added that "the disregard of a restrictive law because it is unpopular entails discredit upon all laws of similar character." [36]
Auguste Viktoria

April 12, 1921 (Tuesday)
  • Italy and Turkey revealed that they had entered into a secret military pact, with Italy vowing to prevent Greece from obtaining Turkish territory if successful in the ongoing war. [5]
  • U.S. President Harding delivered his first message to Congress by appearing in person before a joint session, and declared that his administration would support the creation of "a non-political association of nations", and a pact separate from the Treaty of Versailles to end the state of war with Germany and the states of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. He added that "In the existing League of Nations, world-governing with its super-powers, this Republic will have no part." [39] [5]
  • First World War French General Joseph Gallieni, who died in 1916, was posthumously created a Marshal of France.[40]
  • France's Minister for the Colonies, Albert Sarraut, revealed his plans for a colonial development program, primarily affecting Niger and Indo-China.[41]
  • D. W. Griffith's silent film Dream Street with a two hour run time, premiered at the Central Theatre in New York. [42] On May 2, it became the first feature-length film to experiment with Griffith's Photokinema process for sound.

April 13, 1921 (Wednesday)
  • Britain's "Triple Alliance" of the trade unions for miners, railroad workers and transport workers issued a manifesto declaring a national strike to begin at 10:00 in the evening on April 15. [43] The Alliance canceled its strike order ten hours before the deadline, after emergency negotiations by the British government and a split between the unions over whether to walk out. [44]
Istvan Friedrich

April 14, 1921 (Thursday)
Teleki

April 15, 1921 (Friday)
  • France's Cabinet of Ministers voted to have the French Army occupy the entire Ruhr region of Germany unless payment of one billion German marks was made by May 10. [48] [46]
  • Britain's railway and transport unions reversed their position and announced that they would not go on a sympathy strike to follow the striking coal miners. [46] The event was referred to by the striking miners as "Black Friday".
  • President Charles D.B. King of Liberia was welcomed by U.S. President Warren G. Harding, after a U.S. loan of $5,000,000 to Liberia was almost completely repaid. [46]
  • Poland ratified its peace treaty with the Soviet Union and the Ukraine, acquiring the district of Polesia from the Ukraine, 3,000 square kilometers near Minsk, and 30,000,000 gold rubles. [46]
  • The United States announced the return from Europe of 14,852 bodies of American soldiers who had been buried in France, and that 75,882 remained overseas, including 13,000 whose families had reversed their original request for a return of their relative to the U.S. [49]
  • Born: Georgy Beregovoy, Soviet cosmonaut and the earliest-born human being to orbit the Earth (on Soyuz 3 in 1968); in Fedorivka, Poltava Oblast, Ukrainian SSR (d. 1995).
  • Died: Antonin Dubost, 76, former President of the French Senate[50]

April 16, 1921 (Saturday)
  • Tornadoes swept across five U.S. states in the Deep South, killing 97 people altogether, 66 of whom were in Hempstead County and Miller County in Arkansas. Late the night before, the path of the began in northeast Texas and then swept eastward over five U.S. states in a path to northwest Georgia. [51] [52]
  • Born: Peter Ustinov, English actor, writer, opera director and broadcaster of Russian and European descent, in London[53] (d. 2004)

April 17, 1921 (Sunday)

April 18, 1921 (Monday)

April 19, 1921 (Tuesday)
  • The funeral of the former Kaiserin of the German Empire, Augusta Victoria, was carried out in Potsdam with full state honors afforded to her by the republic, proclaimed after Kaiser Wilhelm II had been deposed in 1918. Of the 300,000 people in attendance, an estimated 25,000 of whom were monarchists who wanted to return to rule by a Kaiser. There was no official representation at the funeral by either the German or Prussian government. [58]
  • The statue of Simon Bolivar, a gift to New York City from Venezuela, was dedicated by U.S. President Harding in Central Park. [59]
  • A by-election for the British House of Commons, brought about by the appointment of the incumbent MP Stanley Baldwin as President of the Board of Trade, was won by Baldwin himself.[60]
  • The city of Dunbar, West Virginia, near the state capital at Charleston, was incorporated as a residence for employees of the glass industry.
  • Born:
    • Anna Lee Aldred, the first woman in the United States to be licensed as a horse racing jockey; in Montrose, Colorado (d. 2006)
    • Edward Powles, English Royal Air Force pilot who set two records, which still stand, on February 5, 1952 for highest altitude recorded and highest speed attained for a piston engine (propeller driven) aircraft; in Hereford. Powles reached an altitude of 51,550 feet (15,710 m) and, when the airplane dived uncontrollably during its descent, a speed of 690 miles per hour (1,110 km/h) (Mach 0.96) before regaining control. (d. 2008)

April 20, 1921 (Wednesday)

April 21, 1921 (Thursday)

April 22, 1921 (Friday)
  • Peru's President Augusto B. Leguia suspended the South American nation's Congress and declared a dictatorship. [46]
  • Over 100 people were injured in the town of Bound Brook, New Jersey, and one died, when a cloud of phosgene gas began spreading over the city in the early morning hours, the result of a faulty valve of a storage tank at a paint factory in town. The intervention of four people stopped further escape of the phosgene, which had been used in concentrated form as a chemical weapon during World War One. [66]
  • A total lunar eclipse was visible in parts of the Americas and Pacific region.[67]
  • Died: Vibeke Salicath, 59, Danish feminist and women's rights activist.

April 23, 1921 (Saturday)
  • Service Employees International Union (SEIU) was founded in Chicago as a labor union for people working in health care, government employment and property services, initially as the Building Services Employees Union (BSEU). [68]
  • The U.S. Census Bureau announced that the total foreign-born population of the United States had increased by only 2.6% since 1910, for a total of 13,703,987 overall. From 1900 to 1910, the increase had been 30.7%. The Bureau ascribed the dramatic decrease in foreign population growth "to the almost complete cessation of immigration... and to considerable emigration" during World War One. [69] During World War One, the Bureau noted, over 800,000 German immigrants; 600,000 Austrians (over half of the Austrian-born U.S. population)' 316,000 Irish and 203,783 Russians had left the United States. [70]
  • Died: John P. Young, 71, American journalist and historian

April 24, 1921 (Sunday)
  • In a plebiscite in the Austrian state of Tyrol, residents voted overwhelmingly to become part of Germany. [46][71]
  • Herbert Hoover's Near East Relief project announced that it had provided food relief to 561,970 people and spent $13,129,117 of its budget of $13.5 million.[46] The project had also distributed 300,000 garments.

April 25, 1921 (Monday)
  • Japan's House of Peers rejected the measure adopted by the House of Representatives to authorize the participation of women in political associations. [46]
  • Following up on the French ultimatum to Germany, the Allied Reparations Commission demanded that Germany deposit one billion marks worth of gold into the Bank of France by April 30. [72]
  • Communists seized control of the government of Fiume after being defeated in voting. Four days later, on April 29, the Fascist Party staged a countercoup and drove out the Communists. [46]
  • The U.S. state of Nebraska prohibited persons other than U.S. citizens from acquiring property. [46] The law did not affect the property already owned by alien residents.
  • Born: Karel Appel, Dutch painter, sculptor and poet, in Amsterdam[73] (d. 2006)
  • Died: Thomas Traynor, 39, Irish Republican Army, was hanged at Mountjoy Prison in Dublin after conviction by a British Army court-martial for the ambush of two British cadets on March 14. [74]

April 26, 1921 (Tuesday)
  • France's Chamber of Deputies voted overwhelmingly in favor of the government of Prime Minister Aristide Briand regarding his policies toward German reparations and occupation of the Ruhr, with 424 in favor and only 29 against. Another 59 deputies abstained. [75]
  • In Turin in Italy, Fascists occupied and burned the local labor union hall (camera del lavoro, literally the "chamber of labor").[76]
  • In the U.S., a tornado killed 12 people and destroyed most of the business district in the town of Braxton, Mississippi. [77]
  • Born: Margaret Gowing, English historian, in Kensington, London (d. 1998)
  • Died: Cornelia von Levetzow, 86, Danish novelist who wrote under the pen name "J"

April 27, 1921 (Wednesday)

April 28, 1921 (Thursday)
Capablanca and Lasker

April 29, 1921 (Friday)
  • Plans for national airline of airships, designed to transport passengers between New York, Chicago and San Francisco before the end of 1922 were announced by U.S. engineer Fred S. Hardesty, who told reporters that fifty million dollars worth of stock would be sold to finance the construction of dirigibles 757 feet (231 m) long. Hardesty said further that the new dirigibles would be able carry 52 passengers at speeds of up to 100 miles per hour (160 km/h), with service between New York and Chicago to start by the spring of 1922. [86]
  • The Portuguese ocean liner Mormugao, with 448 passengers and crew ran aground and was stranded near Block Island off of the coast of the U.S. state of Rhode Island, prompting a two-day rescue effort by the U.S. Coast Guard and the U.S. Navy. [87] Women and children were brought to New Bedford, Massachusetts later in the day and the remaining 148 male passengers were rescued the next day. [88]
  • Died: Arthur Mold, 57, English professional cricketer

April 30, 1921 (Saturday)
  • The U.S. Senate passed the Knox peace resolution, 49 to 23, declaring an end to the state of war with Germany that had started on April 6, 1917 with the entry of the U.S. into World War One. [89]
Benedict XV

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