List of the most intense tropical cyclones
Winds are often used to measure intensity as they commonly cause notable impacts over large areas, and most popular tropical cyclone scales are organized around sustained wind speeds. However, variations in the averaging period of winds in different basins make inter-comparison difficult. In addition, other impacts like rainfall, storm surge, area of wind damages, and tornadoes can vary significantly in storms with similar wind speeds. Pressure is often used to compare tropical cyclones because the measurements are easier and use consistent methodology. Tropical cyclones can attain some of the lowest pressures over large areas on Earth. However, although there is a strong connection between lowered pressures and higher wind speeds, storms with the lowest pressures may not have the highest wind speeds, as each storm's relationship between wind and pressure is slightly different.[1]
Satellite image of Typhoon Tip, which had the lowest atmospheric pressure measured in a tropical cyclone, at 870 mbar (26 inHg)
In the most recent and reliable records, most tropical cyclones which attained a pressure of 900 hPa (mbar) (26.56 inHg) or less have occurred in the Western North Pacific Ocean. The strongest tropical cyclone recorded worldwide, as measured by minimum central pressure, was Typhoon Tip, which reached a pressure of 870 hPa (25.69 inHg) on October 12, 1979.[2] The following list is subdivided by basins. Data listed are provided by the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre, unless otherwise noted. On October 23, 2015, Hurricane Patricia attained the strongest 1-minute sustained winds on record at 215 mph (345 km/h).[3]
North Atlantic Ocean
Hurricane Allen at peak intensity, peaking with the highest winds in a tropical cyclone ever recorded in the Atlantic basin
Hurricane Wilma near record strength, causing the lowest pressure in a tropical cyclone in the Atlantic basin
The most intense storm in the North Atlantic by lowest pressure was Hurricane Wilma. The strongest storm by 1-minute sustained winds was Hurricane Allen.
Storms which reached a minimum central pressure of 920 hectopascals (27.17 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information has been compiled back to 1851, though measurements were rarer until aircraft reconnaissance started in the 1940s, and inexact estimates were still predominant until dropsondes were implemented in the 1970s.[4]
| Cyclone | Season | Peak classification | Peak 1-min sustained winds | Pressure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Cuba" | 1924 | 270 km/h (165 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
| "Cuba" | 1932 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| "Labor Day" | 1935 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 892 hPa (26.34 inHg) | |
| Janet | 1955 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) | |
| Esther | 1961 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) | |
| Hattie | 1961 | 270 km/h (165 mph) | 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) | |
| Camille | 1969 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Allen | 1980 | 305 km/h (190 mph) | 899 hPa (26.55 inHg) | |
| Gloria | 1985 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) | |
| Gilbert | 1988 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 888 hPa (26.22 inHg) | |
| Hugo | 1989 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) | |
| Opal | 1995 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) | |
| Mitch | 1998 | 285 km/h (180 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | |
| Isabel | 2003 | 270 km/h (165 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Ivan | 2004 | 270 km/h (165 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
| Katrina | 2005 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 902 hPa (26.64 inHg) | |
| Rita | 2005 | 285 km/h (180 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Wilma | 2005 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 882 hPa (26.05 inHg) | |
| Dean | 2007 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | |
| Irma | 2017 | 285 km/h (180 mph) | 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) | |
| Maria | 2017 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 908 hPa (26.81 inHg) | |
| Michael | 2018 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) | |
| Dorian | 2019 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
| Iota | 2020 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 917 hPa (27.08 inHg) | |
| Source: Atlantic Hurricane Best Track File 1851–2020 (NHC) [5] | ||||
See List of Category 5 Atlantic Hurricanes for additional information on strong storms in the Atlantic basin.
See Notable non-tropical pressures over the North Atlantic for intense extratropical low pressure values over the North Atlantic.
Eastern Pacific Ocean
Hurricane Patricia shortly after peak intensity, highest global sustained winds and lowest pressure in the Western Hemisphere
Hurricane Ioke at its record peak intensity, also the most intense hurricane ever recorded in the Central Pacific
The most intense storm in the Eastern Pacific Ocean by both sustained winds and central pressure was Hurricane Patricia. Its sustained winds of 345 km/h (215 mph) are also the highest on record globally.
Storms with a minimum central pressure of 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1949, and most storms since are only estimated because landfalls (and related reconnaissance) are less common in this basin.[6]
| Cyclone | Season | Peak classification | Peak 1-min sustained winds | Pressure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ava | 1973 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Annette | 1976 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | |
| Trudy | 1990 | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 924 hPa (27.29 inHg) | |
| Gilma | 1994 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| Olivia | 1994 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 923 hPa (27.26 inHg) | |
| Guillermo | 1997 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) | |
| Linda | 1997 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 902 hPa (26.64 inHg) | |
| Juliette | 2001 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 923 hPa (27.26 inHg) | |
| Elida | 2002 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 921 hPa (27.20 inHg) | |
| Hernan | 2002 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 921 hPa (27.20 inHg) | |
| Kenna | 2002 | 270 km/h (165 mph) | 913 hPa (26.96 inHg) | |
| Ioke | 2006 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Rick | 2009 | 285 km/h (180 mph) | 906 hPa (26.75 inHg) | |
| Celia | 2010 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 921 hPa (27.20 inHg) | |
| Marie | 2014 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) | |
| Odile | 2014 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) | |
| Patricia | 2015 | 345 km/h (215 mph) | 872 hPa (25.75 inHg) | |
| Walaka | 2018 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| Willa | 2018 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | |
| Source: East Pacific Hurricane Best Track File 1949–2020 (NHC) [7] | ||||
See Category 5 Pacific Hurricanes for a full list of category 5 hurricanes in this basin.
Western North Pacific Ocean
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The most intense storm by lowest pressure and peak 10-minute sustained winds was Typhoon Tip, which was also the most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded in terms of minimum central pressure.
Storms with a minimum pressure of 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1950.[6]
| Cyclone | Year | Peak classification | Peak 10-min sustained winds | Pressure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unnamed | 1927 | Not Specified | 887 hPa (26.19 inHg)[8] | |
| Allyn | 1949 | Not Specified | 884 hPa (26.10 inHg) | |
| Clara | 1950 | Not Specified | 899 hPa (26.55 inHg) | |
| Marge | 1951 | Not Specified | 886 hPa (26.16 inHg) | |
| Nina | 1953 | Not Specified | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | |
| Tess | 1953 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Ida | 1954 | Not Specified | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
| Pamela | 1954 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Virginia | 1957 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Hester | 1957 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Lola | 1957 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Ida | 1958 | Not Specified | 877 hPa (25.90 inHg) | |
| Vera | 1959 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Joan | 1959 | Not Specified | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | |
| Nancy | 1961 | Not Specified | 882 hPa (26.05 inHg) | |
| Violet | 1961 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Opal | 1962 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Emma | 1962 | Not Specified | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
| Karen | 1962 | Not Specified | 894 hPa (26.40 inHg) | |
| Sally | 1964 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Wilda | 1964 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Opal | 1964 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Bess | 1965 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Kit | 1966 | Not Specified | 880 hPa (25.99 inHg) | |
| Carla | 1967 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Agnes | 1968 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Elsie | 1969 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Viola | 1969 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Hope | 1970 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Amy | 1971 | Not Specified | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
| Nadine | 1971 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Irma | 1971 | Not Specified | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | |
| Patsy | 1973 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Nora | 1973 | Not Specified | 875 hPa (25.84 inHg) | |
| Nina | 1975 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Elsie | 1975 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| June | 1975 | Not Specified | 875 hPa (25.84 inHg) | |
| Louise | 1976 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Rita | 1978 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 878 hPa (25.93 inHg) | |
| Hope | 1979 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Tip | 1979 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 870 hPa (25.69 inHg) | |
| Wynne | 1980 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
| Elsie | 1981 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Bess | 1982 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Mac | 1982 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Abby | 1983 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Forrest | 1983 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 876 hPa (25.87 inHg) | |
| Marge | 1983 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Vanessa | 1984 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 880 hPa (25.99 inHg) | |
| Dot | 1985 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Peggy | 1986 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Betty | 1987 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
| Holly | 1987 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Flo | 1990 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
| Ruth | 1991 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Yuri | 1991 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Gay | 1992 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Zeb | 1998 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Megi | 2010 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | |
| Sanba | 2012 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Haiyan | 2013 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Vongfong | 2014 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Soudelor | 2015 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Nepartak | 2016 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Meranti | 2016 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
| Haima | 2016 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Kong-rey | 2018 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Yutu | 2018 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Source: Western North Pacific Typhoon Best Track File 1951–2021 (JMA) [9] | ||||
North Indian Ocean
Satellite image of the cyclone as it made landfall in Odisha
Cyclone Gonu near peak intensity, also the most intense tropical cyclone in Arabian sea
The most intense tropical cyclone in the North Indian Ocean by both sustained winds and central pressure was the 1999 Odisha cyclone, with 3-minute sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph) and a minimum pressure of 912 hPa (26.93 inHg).
Storms with an intensity of 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) or less are listed.
| Cyclone | Season | Peak classification | Peak 3-min sustained winds | Pressure | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Two | 1963 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 947 hPa (27.96 inHg) | ||
| Three | 1963 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | ||
| 1977 Andhra Pradesh | 1977 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 943 hPa (27.85 inHg) | [10] | |
| Unnamed | 1978 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | [11] | |
| 1978 Unnamed | 1978 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 938 hPa (27.70 inHg) | [11] | |
| Unnamed | 1979 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 936 hPa (27.64 inHg) | [12] | |
| BOB 01 | 1982 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | [13] | |
| Gay | 1989 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | [13] | |
| 1990 Andhra Pradesh | 1990 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | [13] | |
| 1991 Bangladesh | 1991 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) | [13] | |
| 1994 BOB 02 | 1994 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | [13] | |
| 1999 Pakistan | 1999 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 946 hPa (27.94 inHg) | [13] | |
| 1999 Odisha | 1999 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 912 hPa (26.93 inHg) | [13] | |
| 2001 India | 2001 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 932 hPa (27.52 inHg) | [13] | |
| Gonu | 2007 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | [13] | |
| Sidr | 2007 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 944 hPa (27.88 inHg) | [13] | |
| Giri | 2010 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | [13] | |
| Phailin | 2013 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | [13] | |
| Hudhud | 2014 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | [13] | |
| Nilofar | 2014 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | [13] | |
| Chapala | 2015 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | [13] | |
| Fani | 2019 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 932 hPa (27.52 inHg) | ||
| Kyarr | 2019 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 922 hPa (27.23 inHg) | ||
| Amphan | 2020 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 920 hPa (27.14 inHg) | ||
South-West Indian Ocean
Cyclone Gafilo shortly before peak intensity
Cyclone Fantala shortly after peak intensity
The most intense tropical cyclone in the South-West Indian Ocean was Cyclone Gafilo. By 10-minute sustained wind speed, the strongest tropical cyclone in the South-West Indian Ocean was Cyclone Fantala.
Storms with an intensity of 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1985.[6]
| Cyclone | Season | Peak classification | Peak 10-min sustained winds | Pressure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chris-Damia | 1981–82 | 210 km/h (130 mph) | 898 hPa (26.52 inHg) | [14] | |
| Geralda | 1993–94 | 200 km/h (125 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | [15] | |
| Litanne | 1993–94 | 190 km/h (120 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | [15] | |
| Marlene | 1994–95 | 180 km/h (110 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | [16] | |
| Bonita | 1995–96 | 180 km/h (110 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | [17] | |
| Danielle | 1996–97 | 190 km/h (120 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | [18] | |
| Hudah | 1999–2000 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | [19] | |
| Dina | 2001–02 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | [20] | |
| Guillaume | 2001–02 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | [20] | |
| Hary | 2001–02 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | [20] | |
| Kalunde | 2002–03 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | ||
| Gafilo | 2003–04 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | [21] | |
| Adeline-Juliet | 2004–05 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | [22] | |
| Bento | 2004–05 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | [23] | |
| Carina | 2005–06 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | [24] | |
| Hondo | 2007–08 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | [25] | |
| Edzani | 2009–10 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | [26] | |
| Bruce | 2013–14 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | ||
| Colin | 2013–14 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | ||
| Hellen | 2013–14 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | ||
| Bansi | 2014–15 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | ||
| Eunice | 2014–15 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | ||
| Fantala | 2015–16 | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) |
Australian region
Cyclone Inigo near peak intensity
Cyclone Marcus at peak intensity
The most intense tropical cyclone(s) in the Australian Region were cyclones Gwenda and Inigo. By 10-minute sustained wind speed, the strongest were Cyclone Orson, Cyclone Monica and Cyclone Marcus.
Storms with an intensity of 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1985.[6]
| Cyclone | Season | Peak classification | Peak 10-min sustained winds | Pressure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mahina | 1899 | Unknown | 880 hPa (25.99 inHg)[nb 1][27][28] | |
| Joan | 1975–76 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Amy | 1979–80 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Kathy | 1983–84 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) | |
| Orson | 1988–89 | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | |
| Graham | 1991–92 | 205 km/h (120 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Rewa | 1993–94 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| Theodore | 1993–94 | 205 km/h (120 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
| Chloe | 1994–95 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| Pancho-Helinda | 1996–97 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Thelma | 1998–99 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| Vance | 1998–99 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
| Frederic-Evrina | 1998–99 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| Gwenda | 1998–99 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| John | 1999–2000 | 205 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Paul | 1999–2000 | 205 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Chris | 2001–02 | 205 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Inigo | 2002–03 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Fay | 2003–04 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
| Floyd | 2005–06 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) | |
| Glenda | 2005–06 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
| Monica | 2005–06 | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) | |
| George | 2006–07 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 902 hPa (26.64 inHg) | |
| Marcus | 2017–18 | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | |
| Source: Database of past tropical cyclone tracks (BOM)[29] | ||||
South Pacific Ocean
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Cyclone Winston at peak intensity
Cyclone Zoe at peak intensity and also the second most intense tropical cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere.
A total of 16 cyclones are listed down below reaching/surpassing an intensity of 920 hPa (27.17 inHg), with most of them occurring during El Niño seasons. Tropical cyclones that have been recorded since the start of the 1969–70 Tropical Cyclone year and have reached their peak intensity to the west of 160E are included in the list. The most intense tropical cyclone in the south Pacific, Cyclone Winston of 2016, is also the most intense storm in the Southern Hemisphere.
Storms with an intensity of 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) or less are listed.
| Cyclone | Season | Peak classification | Peak 10-min sustained winds | Pressure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oscar | 1982–83 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| Hina | 1984–85 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
| Fran | 1991–92 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| Ron | 1997–98 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Susan | 1997–98 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Beni | 2002–03 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| Dovi | 2002–03 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| Erica | 2002–03 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Zoe | 2002–03 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
| Heta | 2003–04 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Meena | 2004–05 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Olaf | 2004–05 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Percy | 2004–05 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Ului | 2009–10 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Pam | 2014–15 | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 896 hPa (26.46 inHg) | |
| Winston | 2015–16 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 884 hPa (26.10 inHg) | |
| Harold | 2019–20 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| Yasa | 2020–21 | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 899 hPa (26.55 inHg) | |
| Sources:[30] | ||||
South Atlantic Ocean
Hurricane Catarina near peak intensity
Until recently, it was not known that tropical cyclones could exist in the southern Atlantic. However, Hurricane Catarina in 2004, to date the only hurricane in the south Atlantic, brought additional review. A subsequent study found that there was an average of 1-2 subtropical or tropical cyclones per year in the Southern Atlantic in recent decades.[31] No official database of South Atlantic cyclones exists, but a partial list of notable tropical and subtropical systems is listed.
| Cyclone | Season | Peak classification | Peak 1-min sustained winds | Pressure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 Angola tropical storm | 1991 | 65 km/h (40 mph) | Unknown (Unknown) | |
| Catarina | 2004 | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | |
| Anita | 2010 | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | |
| Arani | 2011 | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | |
| Bapo | 2015 | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | |
| Cari | 2015 | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | |
| Deni | 2016 | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | |
| Eçaí | 2016 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | |
| Guará | 2017 | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 996 hPa (29.40 inHg) | |
| Iba | 2019 | 85 km/h (55 mph) | 1006 hPa (29.70 inHg) | |
| Jaguar | 2019 | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 1010 hPa (29.83 inHg) | |
| Kurumí | 2020 | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | |
| Mani | 2020 | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 1004 hPa (29.64 inHg) | |
| Oquira | 2020 | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) |
See also
- Atlantic hurricane season
- Australian region tropical cyclone
- List of wettest tropical cyclones
- North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
- Notable non-tropical pressures over the North Atlantic
- Pacific hurricane
- Pacific typhoon season
- South Atlantic tropical cyclone
- South Pacific tropical cyclone
- South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
Notes
- Officially listed by the BoM as 914 mbar, pending review.
References
- Kossin, James (February 2015). "Hurricane Wind–Pressure Relationship and Eyewall Replacement Cycles". Weather and Forecasting. 30 (1): 177–181. Bibcode:2015WtFor..30..177K. doi:10.1175/WAF-D-14-00121.1.
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- Sanchez, Ray (October 23, 2015). "Hurricane Patricia weakens, but still 'extremely dangerous'". CNN. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
- http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/rpibook-final04.pdf
- "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. May 25, 2020.
- "ATCR report plan". www.usno.navy.mil. Retrieved 2017-10-21.
- National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division; Central Pacific Hurricane Center. "The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949–2019". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved 1 October 2020. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
- C. L. Jordan (September 1959). "A Reported Sea Level Pressure of 877 MB" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 87: 365–366. Bibcode:1959MWRv...87..365J. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1959)087<0365:wnarsl>2.0.co;2. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
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- Mukherjee, A K; Ramakrishnan, A R; Jamdunathan, R. "Cyclones and Depressions over the Indian Seas in 1979" (PDF). Mausam. 32 (2): 115–126.
- "IMD Best track data 1982-2020" (xls). India Meteorological Department. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
- "Cyclone Damia Best track". Météo-France. 2001-05-16. Retrieved 2010-01-08.
- La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1993–1994 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English and French). Météo France. pp. 42, 65. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1994–1995 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English and French). Météo France. p. 67. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1995–1996 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English and French). Météo France. p. 25. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1996–1997 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English and French). Météo France. p. 33. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1999–2000 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English and French). Météo France. p. 72. ISBN 2-9511665-3-2. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 2001–2002 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English and French). Météo France. p. 4. ISBN 2-9511665-6-7. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 2003–2004 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English and French). Météo France. p. 67. ISBN 2-9511665-8-3. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (November 27, 2009). "Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Adeline-Juliet". Météo France. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (November 27, 2009). "Intense Tropical Cyclone Bento". Météo France. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. South-West Indian Ocean Cyclone Season 2005–2006 (in English and French). Météo France. p. 6. ISBN 2-9511665-9-1. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
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- MetService (May 22, 2009). "TCWC Wellington Best Track Data 1967–2006". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship.
- Evans, Jenny L; Braun, Aviva J (2012). "A Climatology of Subtropical Cyclones in the South Atlantic". Journal of Climate. American Meteorological Society. 25 (21): 7328–7340. Bibcode:2012JCli...25.7328E. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00212.1.
External links
Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers
- US National Hurricane Center – North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
- Central Pacific Hurricane Center – Central Pacific
- Japan Meteorological Agency – North West Pacific
- India Meteorological Department – North Indian Ocean
- Météo-France – La Reunion – South-West Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
- Fiji Meteorological Service – South Pacific west of 160°E, north of 25° S
Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers
- Indonesian Meteorological Department – South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 125°E, north of 10°S
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane) – South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, south of 10°S
- Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited – South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S
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