List of state leaders in 2003

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 2003.

Africa

•  Algeria
  • President – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–2019)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Ali Benflis, Prime Minister of Algeria (2000–2003)
    2. Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister of Algeria (2003–2006)
•  Angola
  • President – José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–2017)
  • Prime Minister – Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos, Prime Minister of Angola (2002–2008)
•  Benin
  • President – Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996–2006)
•  Botswana
  • President – Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998–2008)
•  Burkina Faso
  • President – Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)
  • Prime Minister – Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2000–2007)
•  Burundi
  • President –
    1. Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1996–2003)
    2. Domitien Ndayizeye, President of Burundi (2003–2005)
•  Cameroon
  • President – Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
  • Prime Minister – Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1996–2004)
•  Cape Verde
  • President – Pedro Pires, President of Cape Verde (2001–2011)
  • Prime Minister – José Maria Neves, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2001–2016)
•  Central African Republic
  • President –
    1. Ange-Félix Patassé, President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003)
    2. François Bozizé, President of the Central African Republic (2003–2013)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Martin Ziguélé, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2001–2003)
    2. Abel Goumba, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2003)
    3. Célestin Gaombalet, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2003–2005)
•  Chad
  • President – Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Haroun Kabadi, Prime Minister of Chad (2002–2003)
    2. Moussa Faki, Prime Minister of Chad (2003–2005)
•  Comoros
  • President – Azali Assoumani, President of the Comoros (2002–2006)
•  Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
  • President – Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
•  Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
  • President – Joseph Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–2019)
•  Djibouti
  • President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister – Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime Minister of Djibouti (2001–2013)
•  Egypt
  • President – Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
  • Prime Minister – Atef Ebeid, Prime Minister of Egypt (1999–2004)
•  Equatorial Guinea
  • President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
  • Prime Minister – Cándido Muatetema Rivas, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2001–2004)
•  Eritrea
  • President – Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present) [lower-alpha 1]
•  Ethiopia
  • President – Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President of Ethiopia (2001–2013)
  • Prime Minister – Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012)
•  Gabon
  • President – Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
  • Prime Minister – Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime Minister of Gabon (1999–2006)
•  The Gambia
  • President – Yahya Jammeh, President of the Gambia (1994–2017)
•  Ghana
  • President – John Kufuor, President of Ghana (2001–2009)
•  Guinea
  • President – Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008)
  • Prime Minister – Lamine Sidimé, Prime Minister of Guinea (1999–2004)
•  Guinea-Bissau
  • President –
    1. Kumba Ialá, President of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2003)
    2. Veríssimo Correia Seabra, Chairman of the Military Committee for the Restoration of Constitutional and Democratic Order of Guinea-Bissau (2003)
    3. Henrique Rosa, Acting President of Guinea-Bissau (2003–2005)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Mário Pires, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2002–2003)
    2. Artur Sanhá, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2003–2004)
•  Ivory Coast
  • President – Laurent Gbagbo, President of the Ivory Coast (2000–2011)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Pascal Affi N'Guessan, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2000–2003)
    2. Seydou Diarra, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2003–2005)
•  Kenya
  • President – Mwai Kibaki, President of Kenya (2002–2013)
•  Lesotho
  • Monarch – Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
  • Prime Minister – Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012)
•  Liberia
  • Head of State –
    1. Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997–2003)
    2. Moses Blah, President of Liberia (2003)
    3. Gyude Bryant, Chairman of the Transitional Government of Liberia (2003–2006)
•  Libya
  • De facto Head of State – Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
  • De jure Head of State – Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Imbarek Shamekh, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2000–2003)
    2. Shukri Ghanem, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2003–2006)
•  Madagascar
  • President – Marc Ravalomanana, President of Madagascar (2002–2009)
  • Prime Minister – Jacques Sylla, Prime Minister of Madagascar (2002–2007)
•  Malawi
  • President – Bakili Muluzi, President of Malawi (1994–2004)
•  Mali
  • President – Amadou Toumani Touré, President of Mali (2002–2012)
  • Prime Minister – Ahmed Mohamed ag Hamani, Prime Minister of Mali (2002–2004)
•  Mauritania
  • President – Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984–2005)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998–2003)
    2. Sghair Ould M'Bareck, Prime Minister of Mauritania (2003–2005)
•  Mauritius
  • President –
    1. Karl Offmann, President of Mauritius (2002–2003)
    2. Raouf Bundhun, Acting President of Mauritius (2003)
    3. Sir Anerood Jugnauth, President of Mauritius (2003–2012)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2000–2003)
    2. Paul Bérenger, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2003–2005)
•   Mayotte (overseas collectivity of France)
  • redesignated from a departmental collectivity of the French Republic on 28 March
  • Prefect – Jean-Jacques Brot, Prefect of Mayotte (2002–2005)
  • Head of Government – Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991–2004)
•  Morocco
  • Monarch – Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister – Driss Jettou, Prime Minister of Morocco (2002–2007)
  •  Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognised state)
    • President – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1976–2016)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1999–2003)
      2. Abdelkader Taleb Omar, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (2003–2018)
•  Mozambique
  • President – Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004)
•  Namibia
  • President – Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Theo-Ben Gurirab, Prime Minister of Namibia (2002–2005)
•  Niger
  • President – Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010)
  • Prime Minister – Hama Amadou, Prime Minister of Niger (2000–2007)
•  Nigeria
  • President – Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1999–2007)
•  Rwanda
  • President – Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda (2000–present)
  • Prime Minister – Bernard Makuza, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2000–2011)
•  Saint Helena and Dependencies (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
  • Governor – David Hollamby, Governor of Saint Helena (1999–2004)
•  São Tomé and Príncipe
  • President –
    1. Fradique de Menezes, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2001–2003)
    2. Fernando Pereira, Chairman of the Military Junta of National Salvation of São Tomé and Príncipe (2003)
    3. Fradique de Menezes, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2003–2011)
  • Prime Minister – Maria das Neves, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe (2002–2004)
•  Senegal
  • President – Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal (2000–2012)
  • Prime Minister – Idrissa Seck, Prime Minister of Senegal (2002–2004)
•  Seychelles
  • President – France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
•  Sierra Leone
  • President – Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007)
•  Somalia
  • President – Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, President of Somalia (2000–2004)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Hassan Abshir Farah, Prime Minister of Somalia (2001–2003)
    2. Muhammad Abdi Yusuf, Prime Minister of Somalia (2003–2004)
  •  Somaliland (unrecognised, secessionist state)
    • President – Dahir Riyale Kahin, President of Somaliland (2002–2010)
  •  Puntland (self-declared autonomous state)
    • President – Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Puntland (2002–2004)
•  South Africa
  • President – Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa (1999–2008)
•  Sudan
  • President – Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–2019)
•  Swaziland
  • Monarch – Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996–2003)
    2. Paul Shabangu, Acting Prime Minister of Swaziland (2003)
    3. Themba Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (2003–2008)
•  Tanzania
  • President – Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
•  Togo
  • President – Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Koffi Sama, Prime Minister of Togo (2002–2005)
•  Tunisia
  • President – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
  • Prime Minister – Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011)
•  Uganda
  • President – Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister – Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999–2011)
•  Zambia
  • President – Levy Mwanawasa, President of Zambia (2002–2008)
•  Zimbabwe
  • President – Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)

Asia

•  Afghanistan
  • President – Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan (2001–2014)
•  Bahrain
  • Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–2020) [lower-alpha 2]
•  Bangladesh
  • President – Iajuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (2002–2009)
  • Prime Minister – Khaleda Zia, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (2001–2006)
•  Bhutan
  • Monarch – Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Kinzang Dorji, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2002–2003)
    2. Jigme Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2003–2004)
•  Brunei
  • Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present) [lower-alpha 3]
  • Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
•  Cambodia
  • Monarch – Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1993–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present) [lower-alpha 4]
•  China (People's Republic of China)
  • Communist Party Leader – Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (2002–2012)
  • President –
    1. Jiang Zemin, President of China (1993–2003)
    2. Hu Jintao, President of China (2003–2013)
  • Premier –
    1. Zhu Rongji, Premier of the State Council of China (1998–2003)
    2. Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council of China (2003–2013)
•  East Timor
  • President – Xanana Gusmão, President of East Timor (2002–2007)
  • Prime Minister – Mari Alkatiri, Prime Minister of East Timor (2001–2006)
•  India
  • President – A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, President of India (2002–2007)
  • Prime Minister – Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime Minister of India (1998–2004)
•  Indonesia
  • President – Megawati Sukarnoputri, President of Indonesia (2001–2004)
•  Iran
  • Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
  • President – Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran (1997–2005)
•  Iraq (under an occupation led by the United States)
  • following the 9 April fall of the capital, the occupied Ba'athist Iraq was superseded ensuing invasion on 21 April
  • President – Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979–2003)
  • Administrator –
    1. Jay Garner, Civilian administrator of Iraq (2003)
    2. Paul Bremer, Civilian administrator of Iraq (2003–2004)
  • Head of Government –
    1. Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1994–2003)
    2. Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
    3. Ibrahim al-Jaafari, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
    4. Ahmed Chalabi, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
    5. Ayad Allawi, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
    6. Jalal Talabani, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
    7. Abdul Aziz al-Hakim, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2003)
•  Israel
  • President – Moshe Katsav, President of Israel (2000–2007)
  • Prime Minister – Ariel Sharon, Prime Minister of Israel (2001–2006)
  •  Palestinian National Authority (non-state administrative authority)
    • President – Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian National Authority (1994–2004)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Mahmoud Abbas, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (2003)
      2. Ahmed Qurei, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (2003–2005)
•  Japan
  • Monarch – Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–2019)
  • Prime Minister – Junichirō Koizumi, Prime Minister of Japan (2001–2006)
•  Jordan
  • Monarch – Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Ali Abu al-Ragheb, Prime Minister of Jordan (2000–2003)
    2. Faisal al-Fayez, Prime Minister of Jordan (2003–2005)
•  Kazakhstan
  • President – Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–2019) [lower-alpha 5]
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Imangali Tasmagambetov, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2002–2003)
    2. Daniyal Akhmetov, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2003–2007)
•  North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
  • Communist Party Leader – Kim Jong-il, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (1997–2011)
  • De facto Head of State – Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea [lower-alpha 6] (1993–2011)
  • De jure Head of State – Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–2019)
  • Premier –
    1. Hong Song-nam, Premier of the Cabinet North Korea (1997–2003)
    2. Pak Pong-ju, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2003–2007)
•  South Korea (Republic of Korea)
  • President –
    1. Kim Dae-jung, President of South Korea (1998–2003)
    2. Roh Moo-hyun, President of South Korea (2003–2008)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Kim Suk-soo, Prime Minister of South Korea (2002–2003)
    2. Goh Kun, Prime Minister of South Korea (2003–2004)
•  Kuwait
  • Monarch – Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Sheikh Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)
    2. Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2003–2006)
•  Kyrgyzstan
  • President – Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005) [lower-alpha 7]
  • Prime Minister – Nikolai Tanayev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2002–2005)
•  Laos
  • Communist Party Leader – Khamtai Siphandon, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1992–2006)
  • President – Khamtai Siphandon, President of Laos (1998–2006)
  • Premier – Bounnhang Vorachith, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (2001–2006)
•  Lebanon
  • President – Émile Lahoud, President of Lebanon (1998–2007)
  • Prime Minister – Rafic Hariri, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2000–2004)
•  Malaysia
  • Monarch – Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2001–2006)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003)
    2. Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, Prime Minister of Malaysia (2003–2009)
•  Maldives
  • President – Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
•  Mongolia
  • President – Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Nambaryn Enkhbayar, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2000–2004)
•  Myanmar
  • Head of State – Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Than Shwe, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1992–2003)
    2. Khin Nyunt, Prime Minister of Myanmar (2003–2004)
•  Nepal
  • Monarch – Gyanendra, King of Nepal (2001–2008)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime Minister of Nepal (2002–2003)
    2. Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime Minister of Nepal (2003–2004)
•  Oman
  • Monarch – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–2020)
  • Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–2020)
•  Pakistan
  • President – Pervez Musharraf, President of Pakistan (2001–2008)
  • Prime Minister – Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2002–2004)
•  Philippines
  • President – Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, President of the Philippines (2001–2010)
•  Qatar
  • Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
  • Prime Minister – Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
•  Saudi Arabia
  • Monarch – Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
  • Regent – Crown Prince Abdullah, Regent of Saudi Arabia (1996–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
•  Singapore
  • President – S. R. Nathan, President of Singapore (1999–2011)
  • Prime Minister – Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990–2004)
•  Sri Lanka
  • President – Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2001–2004)
•  Syria
  • President – Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria (2000–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Muhammad Mustafa Mero, Prime Minister of Syria (2000–2003)
    2. Muhammad Naji al-Otari, Prime Minister of Syria (2003–2011)
•  Taiwan (Republic of China)
  • President – Chen Shui-bian, President of Taiwan (2000–2008)
  • Premier – Yu Shyi-kun, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2002–2005)
•  Tajikistan
  • President – Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
  • Prime Minister – Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013)
•  Thailand
  • Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
  • Prime Minister – Thaksin Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006)
•  Turkey
  • President – Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President of Turkey (2000–2007)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Abdullah Gül, Prime Minister of Turkey (2002–2003)
    2. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime Minister of Turkey (2003–2014)
•  Turkmenistan
  • President – Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (1990–2006) [lower-alpha 8]
•  United Arab Emirates
  • President – Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1976–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
•  Uzbekistan
  • President – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–2016) [lower-alpha 9]
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Oʻtkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (1995–2003)
    2. Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (2003–2016)
•  Vietnam
  • Communist Party Leader – Nông Đức Mạnh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2001–2011)
  • President – Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam (1997–2006)
  • Prime Minister – Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1997–2006)
•  Yemen
  • President – Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1978–2012) [lower-alpha 10]
  • Prime Minister – Abdul Qadir Bajamal, Prime Minister of Yemen (2001–2007)

Europe

•  Albania
  • President – Alfred Moisiu, President of Albania (2002–2007)
  • Prime Minister – Fatos Nano, Prime Minister of Albania (2002–2005)
•  Andorra
  • Monarchs –
    • French Co-Prince – Jacques Chirac, French Co-prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
      • Co-Prince's Representative – Philippe Massoni (2002–2007)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince –
      1. Archbishop Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
      2. Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (2003–present)
      • Co-Prince's Representative – Nemesi Marqués Oste (1993–2012)
  • Prime Minister – Marc Forné Molné, Head of Government of Andorra (1994–2005)
•  Armenia
  • President – Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008)
  • Prime Minister – Andranik Margaryan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2000–2007)
•  Austria
  • President – Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004)
  • Chancellor – Wolfgang Schüssel, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2000–2007)
•  Azerbaijan
  • President –
    1. Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003)
    2. Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (2003–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1996–2003)
    2. Ilham Aliyev, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2003)
    3. Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2003–2018)
  •  Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognised, secessionist state)
    • President – Arkadi Ghukasyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (1997–2007)
    • Prime Minister – Anushavan Danielyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1999–2007)
•  Belarus
  • President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Gennady Novitsky, Prime Minister of Belarus (2001–2003)
    2. Sergei Sidorsky, Prime Minister of Belarus (2003–2010)
•  Belgium
  • Monarch – Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013)
  • Prime Minister – Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
•  Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Serb Member –
      1. Mirko Šarović (2002–2003; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2002–2003)
      2. Borislav Paravac (2003–2006; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2003)
    • Bosniak Member – Sulejman Tihić (2002–2006)
    • Croat Member –
      1. Dragan Čović (2002–2005; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2003)
      2. Dragan Čović (2002–2005; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2003–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Adnan Terzić, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002–2007)
  • High Representative – Lord (Paddy) Ashdown, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002–2006)
•  Bulgaria
  • President – Georgi Parvanov, President of Bulgaria (2002–2012)
  • Prime Minister – Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2001–2005)
•  Croatia
  • President – Stjepan Mesić, President of Croatia (2000–2010)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Ivica Račan, Prime Minister of Croatia (2000–2003)
    2. Ivo Sanader, Prime Minister of Croatia (2003–2009)
•  Cyprus
  • President –
    1. Glafcos Clerides, President of Cyprus (1993–2003)
    2. Tassos Papadopoulos, President of Cyprus (2003–2008)
  •  Northern Cyprus (unrecognised, secessionist state)
    • President – Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1976–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1996–2004)
•  Czech Republic
  • President –
    1. Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
    2. Václav Klaus, President of the Czech Republic (2003–2013)
  • Prime Minister – Vladimír Špidla, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2002–2004)
•  Denmark
  • Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
  • Prime Minister – Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2001–2009)
•  Estonia
  • President – Arnold Rüütel, President of Estonia (2001–2006)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Siim Kallas, Prime Minister of Estonia (2002–2003)
    2. Juhan Parts, Prime Minister of Estonia (2003–2005)
•  Finland
  • President – Tarja Halonen, President of Finland (2000–2012)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland (1995–2003)
    2. Anneli Jäätteenmäki, Prime Minister of Finland (2003)
    3. Matti Vanhanen, Prime Minister of Finland (2003–2010)
•  France
  • President – Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–2007)
  • Prime Minister – Jean-Pierre Raffarin, Prime Minister of France (2002–2005)
•  Georgia
  • President –
    1. Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia (1992–2003)
    2. Nino Burjanadze, Acting President of Georgia (2003–2004)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Avtandil Jorbenadze, Minister of State of Georgia (2001–2003)
    2. Zurab Zhvania, Minister of State of Georgia (2003–2005)
  •  Abkhazia (unrecognised, secessionist state)
    • President – Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005) [lower-alpha 11]
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Gennadi Gagulia, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2002–2003)
      2. Raul Khajimba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2003–2004)
  •  South Ossetia (unrecognised, secessionist state)
    • President – Eduard Kokoity, President of South Ossetia (2001–2011)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Gerasim Khugayev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2001–2003)
      2. Igor Sanakoyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2003–2005)
•  Germany
  • President – Johannes Rau, Federal President of Germany (1999–2004)
  • Chancellor – Gerhard Schröder, Federal Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005)
•  Greece
  • President – Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece (1996–2004)
•  Hungary
  • President – Ferenc Mádl, President of Hungary (2000–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Péter Medgyessy, Prime Minister of Hungary (2002–2004)
•  Iceland
  • President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–2016)
  • Prime Minister – Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
•  Ireland
  • President – Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)
  • Prime Minister – Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008)
•  Italy
  • President – Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of Italy (1999–2006)
  • Prime Minister – Silvio Berlusconi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2001–2006)
•  Latvia
  • President – Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia (1999–2007)
  • Prime Minister – Einars Repše, Prime Minister of Latvia (2002–2004)
•  Liechtenstein
  • Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
  • Prime Minister – Otmar Hasler, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2001–2009)
•  Lithuania
  • President –
    1. Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (1998–2003)
    2. Rolandas Paksas, President of Lithuania (2003–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Algirdas Brazauskas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2001–2006)
•  Luxembourg
  • Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)
  • Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013)
•  Macedonia
  • President – Boris Trajkovski, President of Macedonia (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Branko Crvenkovski, President of the Government of Macedonia (2002–2004)
•  Malta
  • President – Guido de Marco, President of Malta (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1998–2004)
•  Moldova
  • President – Vladimir Voronin, President of Moldova (2001–2009)
  • Prime Minister – Vasile Tarlev, Prime Minister of Moldova (2001–2008)
  •  Transnistria (unrecognised, secessionist state)
    • President – Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011) [lower-alpha 12]
•  Monaco
  • Monarch – Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Patrick Leclercq, Minister of State of Monaco (2000–2005)
•  Kingdom of the Netherlands
  • Monarch – Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
  •  Netherlands (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
    • Prime Minister – Jan Peter Balkenende, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2002–2010)
  •  Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
    • see § North America
  •  Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
    • see § North America
•  Norway
  • Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
  • Regent – Crown Prince Haakon, Regent of Norway (2003–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (2001–2005)
•  Poland
  • President – Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Leszek Miller, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2001–2004)
•  Portugal
  • President – Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
  • Prime Minister – José Manuel Barroso, Prime Minister of Portugal (2002–2004)
•  Romania
  • President – Ion Iliescu, President of Romania (2000–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Adrian Năstase, Prime Minister of Romania (2000–2004)
•  Russia
  • President – Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999–2008)
  • Prime Minister – Mikhail Kasyanov, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2000–2004)
•  San Marino
  • Captains-Regent –
    1. Giuseppe Maria Morganti and Mauro Chiaruzzi, Captains Regent of San Marino (2002–2003)
    2. Pier Marino Menicucci and Giovanni Giannoni, Captains Regent of San Marino (2003)
    3. Giovanni Lonfernini and Valeria Ciavatta, Captains Regent of San Marino (2003–2004)
•  Serbia and Montenegro
  • renamed from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 4 February
  • President –
    1. Vojislav Koštunica, President of Yugoslavia (2000–2003)
    2. Svetozar Marović, President of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Dragiša Pešić, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (2001–2003)
    2. Svetozar Marović, Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
  • Kosovo (Self-Governing Entity under UN administration)
    • President – Ibrahim Rugova, President of Kosovo (2002–2006)
    • Prime Minister – Bajram Rexhepi, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2002–2004)
    • UN Special Representative –
      1. Michael Steiner, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2002–2003)
      2. Charles H. Brayshaw, Acting Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2003)
      3. Harri Holkeri, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2003–2004)
•  Slovakia
  • President – Rudolf Schuster, President of Slovakia (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
•  Slovenia
  • President – Janez Drnovšek, President of Slovenia (2002–2007)
  • Prime Minister – Anton Rop, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2002–2004)
•  Spain
  • Monarch – Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
  • Prime Minister – José María Aznar, President of the Government of Spain (1996–2004)
•  Sweden
  • Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
  • Prime Minister – Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006)
•   Switzerland
  • Council – Federal Council of Switzerland [lower-alpha 13]
    • Members – Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003), Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010), Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009; President of Switzerland, 2003), Ruth Metzler (1999–2003), Joseph Deiss (1999–2006), Samuel Schmid (2000–2008), Micheline Calmy-Rey (2002–2011), Christoph Blocher (2003–2007), and Hans-Rudolf Merz (2003–2010)
•  Ukraine
  • President – Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Viktor Yanukovych, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2002–2005)
•  United Kingdom
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
  • Prime Minister – Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007)
  •  Isle of Man (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
    • Lieutenant-Governor – Ian Macfadyen, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2000–2005)
    • Chief Minister – Richard Corkill, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (2001–2004)
  •  Guernsey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
    • Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Foley, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2000–2005)
    • Bailiff – Sir de Vic Carey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1999–2005)
  •  Jersey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
    • Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Cheshire, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2001–2006)
    • Bailiff – Sir Philip Bailhache, Bailiff of Jersey (1995–2009)
  •  Gibraltar (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
    • Governor –
      1. Sir David Durie, Governor of Gibraltar (2000–2003)
      2. David Blunt, Acting Governor of Gibraltar (2003)
      3. Sir Francis Richards, Governor of Gibraltar (2003–2006)
    • Chief Minister – Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011)
•   Vatican City
  • Monarch – Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
  • Head of Government – Cardinal Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006)
  • Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
    • Secretary of State – Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)
•  Yugoslavia
  • see under the aforelisted State Union of Serbia and Montenegro

North America

•  Anguilla (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
  • Governor – Peter Johnstone, Governor of Anguilla (2000–2004)
  • Chief Minister – Osbourne Fleming, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2000–2010)
•  Antigua and Barbuda
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir James Carlisle, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
  • Prime Minister – Lester Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004)
•  Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
  • Governor – Olindo Koolman, Governor of Aruba (1992–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of Aruba (2001–2009)
•  The Bahamas
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
  • Governor-General – Dame Ivy Dumont, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2001–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Perry Christie, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (2002–2007)
•  Barbados
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)
  • Prime Minister – Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
•  Belize
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
  • Prime Minister – Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008)
•  Bermuda (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
  • Governor – Sir John Vereker, Governor of Bermuda (2002–2007)
  • Premier –
    1. Jennifer M. Smith, Premier of Bermuda (1998–2003)
    2. Alex Scott, Premier of Bermuda (2003–2006)
•  British Virgin Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
  • Governor – Tom Macan, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2002–2006)
  • Chief Minister –
    1. Ralph T. O'Neal, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1995–2003)
    2. Orlando Smith, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (2003–2007)
•  Canada
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
  • Governor-General – Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada (1999–2005)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
    2. Paul Martin, Prime Minister of Canada (2003–2006)
•  Cayman Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
  • Governor – Bruce Dinwiddy, Governor of the Cayman Islands (2002–2005)
  • Head of Government – McKeeva Bush, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (2001–2005)
•  Costa Rica
  • President – Abel Pacheco, President of Costa Rica (2002–2006)
•  Cuba
  • Communist Party Leader – Fidel Castro, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
  • President – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
  • Prime Minister – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
•  Dominica
  • President –
    1. Vernon Shaw, President of Dominica (1998–2003)
    2. Nicholas Liverpool, President of Dominica (2003–2012)
  • Prime Minister – Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (2000–2004)
•  Dominican Republic
  • President – Hipólito Mejía, President of the Dominican Republic (2000–2004)
•  El Salvador
  • President – Francisco Flores Pérez, President of El Salvador (1999–2004)
•  Grenada
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008)
  • Prime Minister – Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
•  Guatemala
  • President – Alfonso Portillo, President of Guatemala (2000–2004)
•  Haiti
  • President – Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President of Haiti (2001–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Yvon Neptune, Prime Minister of Haiti (2002–2004)
•  Honduras
  • President – Ricardo Maduro, President of Honduras (2002–2006)
•  Jamaica
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006)
  • Prime Minister – P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006)
•  Mexico
  • President – Vicente Fox, President of Mexico (2000–2006)
•  Montserrat (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
  • Governor – Tony Longrigg, Governor of Montserrat (2001–2004)
  • Chief Minister – John Osborne, Chief Minister of Montserrat (2001–2006)
•  Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
  • Governor – Frits Goedgedrag, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (2002–2010)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Etienne Ys, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (2002–2003)
    2. Ben Komproe, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (2003)
    3. Mirna Louisa-Godett, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (2003–2004)
•  Nicaragua
  • President – Enrique Bolaños, President of Nicaragua (2002–2007)
•  Panama
  • President – Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama (1999–2004)
•  Saint Kitts and Nevis
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013)
  • Prime Minister – Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015)
•  Saint Lucia
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
  • Governor-General – Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–2017)
  • Prime Minister – Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006)
•   Saint Pierre and Miquelon (overseas collectivity of France)
  • redesignated from a departmental collectivity of the French Republic on 28 March
  • Prefect – Claude Valleix, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002–2005)
  • Head of Government – Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2000–2005)
•  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Frederick Ballantyne, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2002–2019)
  • Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–2019)
•  Trinidad and Tobago
  • President –
    1. A. N. R. Robinson, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997–2003)
    2. George Maxwell Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago (2003–2013)
  • Prime Minister – Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2001–2010)
•  Turks and Caicos Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
  • Governor – Jim Poston, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2002–2005)
  • Chief Minister –
    1. Derek Hugh Taylor, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1995–2003)
    2. Michael Misick, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2003–2009)
•  United States
  • President – George W. Bush, President of the United States (2001–2009)
  •  Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
    • Governor – Sila María Calderón, Governor of Puerto Rico (2001–2005)
  •  United States Virgin Islands (insular area of the United States)
    • Governor – Charles Wesley Turnbull, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1999–2007)

Oceania

•  American Samoa (unorganised, unincorporated territory of the United States)
  • Governor –
    1. Tauese Sunia, Governor of American Samoa (1997–2003)
    2. Togiola Tulafono, Governor of American Samoa (2003–2013)
•  Australia
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
  • Governor-General –
    1. Peter Hollingworth, Governor-General of Australia (2001–2003)
    2. Sir Guy Green, Administrator of the Government of Australia (2003)
    3. Michael Jeffery, Governor-General of Australia (2003–2008)
  • Prime Minister – John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–2007)
  •  Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
    • Administrator –
      1. Bill Taylor, Administrator of Christmas Island (1999–2003)
      2. Ray Stone, Acting administrator of Christmas Island (2003)
      3. Evan Williams, Administrator of Christmas Island (2003–2005)
    • Shire-President –
      1. Andrew Smolders, Shire president of Christmas Island (2001–2003)
      2. Gordon Thomson, Shire president of Christmas Island (2003–2011)
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
    • Administrator –
      1. Bill Taylor, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999–2003)
      2. Ray Stone, Acting administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2003)
      3. Evan Williams, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2003–2005)
    • Shire-President – Ronald Grant, Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2001–2007)
  •  Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
    • Administrator –
      1. Tony Messner, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1997–2003)
      2. Michael Stephens, Acting Administrator of Norfolk Island (2003)
      3. Grant Tambling, Administrator of Norfolk Island (2003–2007)
    • Chief Minister – Geoffrey Robert Gardner, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2001–2006)
•  Fiji
  • President – Ratu Josefa Iloilo, President of Fiji (2000–2006)
  • Prime Minister – Laisenia Qarase, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001–2006)
•   French Polynesia (overseas collectivity of France)
  • redesignated from an overseas territory of the French Republic on 28 March
  • High Commissioner – Michel Mathieu, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2001–2005)
  • Head of Government – Gaston Flosse, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1991–2004)
•  Guam (insular area of the United States)
  • Governor –
    1. Carl Gutierrez, Governor of Guam (1995–2003)
    2. Felix Perez Camacho, Governor of Guam (2003–2011)
•  Kiribati
  • President –
    1. Teburoro Tito, President of Kiribati (1994–2003)
    2. Tion Otang, Chairman of the Council of State of Kiribati (2003)
    3. Anote Tong, President of Kiribati (2003–2016)
•  Marshall Islands
  • President – Kessai Note, President of the Marshall Islands (2000–2008)
•  Micronesia
  • President –
    1. Leo Falcam, President of Micronesia (1999–2003)
    2. Joseph Urusemal, President of Micronesia (2003–2007)
•  Nauru
  • President –
    1. René Harris, President of Nauru (2001–2003)
    2. Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (2003)
    3. René Harris, President of Nauru (2003)
    4. Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (2003)
    5. Derog Gioura, President of Nauru (2003)
    6. Ludwig Scotty, President of Nauru (2003)
    7. René Harris, President of Nauru (2003–2004)
•  New Caledonia (sui generis collectivity of France)
  • High Commissioner – Daniel Constantin, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2002–2005)
  • Head of Government – Pierre Frogier, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2001–2004)
•  New Zealand
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
  • Governor-General – Dame Silvia Cartwright, Governor-General of New Zealand (2001–2006)
  • Prime Minister – Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008)
  •  Cook Islands (associated state of New Zealand)
    • Queen's Representative – Frederick Tutu Goodwin, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (2001–2013)
    • Prime Minister – Robert Woonton, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2002–2004)
  •  Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
    • Premier – Young Vivian, Premier of Niue (2002–2008)
  • Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
    • Administrator –
      1. Lindsay Johnstone Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003)
      2. Neil Walter, Administrator of Tokelau (2003–2006)
    • Head of Government –
      1. Pio Tuia, Head of Government of Tokelau (2002–2003)
      2. Kolouei O'Brien, Head of Government of Tokelau (2003–2004)
•  Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States)
  • Governor – Juan Babauta, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2002–2006)
•  Palau
  • President – Tommy Remengesau, President of Palau (2001–2009)
•  Papua New Guinea
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
  • Governor-General –
    1. Sir Silas Atopare, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1997–2003)
    2. Bill Skate, Acting Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2003–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Sir Michael Somare, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2002–2010)
•  Pitcairn Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
  • Governor – Richard Fell, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2001–2006)
  • Mayor – Steve Christian, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004)
•  Samoa
  • Head of State – Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (1962–2007)
  • Prime Minister – Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa (1998–present)
•  Solomon Islands
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir John Lapli, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Sir Allan Kemakeza, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2001–2006)
•  Tonga
  • Monarch – Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006) [lower-alpha 14]
  • Prime Minister – Prince Lavaka Ata ʻUlukālala, Prime Minister of Tonga (2000–2006)
•  Tuvalu
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
  • Governor-General –
    1. Sir Tomasi Puapua, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1998–2003)
    2. Faimalaga Luka, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2003–2005)
  • Prime Minister – Saufatu Sopoanga, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2002–2004)
•  Vanuatu
  • President – John Bani, President of Vanuatu (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister – Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2001–2004)
•   Wallis and Futuna (overseas collectivity of France)
  • redesignated from an overseas territory of the French Republic on 28 March
  • Administrator – Christian Job, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2002–2005)
  • Head of Government – Patalione Kanimoa, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2001–2005)

South America

•  Argentina
  • President –
    1. Eduardo Duhalde, President of Argentina (2002–2003)
    2. Néstor Kirchner, President of Argentina (2003–2007)
•  Bolivia
  • President –
    1. Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, President of Bolivia (2002–2003)
    2. Carlos Mesa, President of Bolivia (2003–2005)
•  Brazil
  • President – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil (2003–2010)
•  Chile
  • President – Ricardo Lagos, President of Chile (2000–2006)
•  Colombia
  • President – Álvaro Uribe, President of Colombia (2002–2010)
•  Ecuador
  • President –
    1. Gustavo Noboa, President of Ecuador (2000–2003)
    2. Lucio Gutiérrez, President of Ecuador (2003–2005)
•  Falkland Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
  • Governor – Howard Pearce, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2002–2006)
  • Head of Government –
    1. Michael Blanch, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands (2000–2003)
    2. Chris Simpkins, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands (2003–2007)
•  Guyana
  • President – Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999–2011)
  • Prime Minister – Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–2015)
•  Paraguay
  • President –
    1. Luis Ángel González Macchi, President of Paraguay (1999–2003)
    2. Nicanor Duarte, President of Paraguay (2003–2008)
•  Peru
  • President – Alejandro Toledo, President of Peru (2001–2006)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Luis Solari De La Fuente, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2002–2003)
    2. Beatriz Merino, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2003)
    3. Carlos Ferrero, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2003–2005)
•  Suriname
  • President – Ronald Venetiaan, President of Suriname (2000–2010)
•  Uruguay
  • President – Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, President of Uruguay (2000–2005)
•  Venezuela
  • President – Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (2002–2013)

Notes

1. Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
2. Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
3. Brunei only became independent in 1984.
4. Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister in 1993–98.
5. Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
6. The position of Chairman of the National Defence Commission was declared to be the highest office of state by the constitution that came into effect in 1998.
7. Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
8. Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
9. Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
10. Saleh was president of North Yemen until 1990.
11. Abkhazia only declared independence in 1992.
12. Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
13. The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is head of state and government collectively. As a party to the Council, the president serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
14. Tonga only became independent in 1970.

External links

• Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
• WorldStatesmen—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories