List of conflicts by duration
The following list ranks wars and times of war by their duration, including both historical and ongoing battles.
Series of wars and conflicts
War or conflicts | Start date | End date | Duration |
---|---|---|---|
Reconquista | 716 | 1492 | 781 years[1] |
Roman–Persian Wars | 54 BC | 628 | 681 years |
Germanic Wars | 113 BC | 569 | 681 years |
Byzantine-Bulgarian wars | 680 | 1355 | 675 years |
Ottoman wars in Europe | 1265 | 1918 | 653 years |
Bulgarian-Ottoman conflicts | 1304 | 1913 | 609 years |
Serbian–Ottoman conflicts | October 1352 | May 1913 | 560 years and 7 months |
Croatian–Ottoman wars | October 1443 | October 1878 | 435 years |
Arab–Byzantine wars | 629 | 1050 | 421 years |
Mexican Indian Wars | 1519 | 1933 | 414 years |
Byzantine–Arab wars | 780 | 1180 | 400 years |
Yaqui Wars | 1533 | 1929 | 396 years |
Polish–Russian Wars | 1558 | 1939 | 381 years |
Philippine revolts against Spain | 1521 | 1898 | 377 years |
Yemeni–Ottoman conflicts | 1538 | 1911 | 373 years |
Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts | 1415 | 1769 | 354 years |
Russo-Turkish wars | 1568 | 1918 | 350 years |
Arauco War | 1536 | 1883 | 347 years |
Dano-Swedish wars | 1470 | 1814 | 344 years |
Spanish–Moro conflict | 1565 | 1898 | 333 years |
Ottoman–Venetian wars | 25 September 1396 | 21 July 1718 | 321 years, 9 months, 3 weeks and 5 days |
Apache–Mexico Wars | 1600 | 1915 | 315 years |
American Indian Wars | 1609 | 1924 | 315 years |
Russo–Swedish Wars | 1495 | 1809 | 314 years |
Ottoman–Persian Wars | 1514 | 1823 | 309 years |
Burmese–Siamese wars | October 1547 | May 1855 | 307 years and 7 months |
Hispano–Moroccan wars | 1681 | 1958 | 277 years |
Viking invasions of England | 793 | 1066 | 273 years |
Navajo Wars | 1600 | 1866 | 266 years |
Ottoman–Habsburg wars | 1526 | 1791 | 265 years |
Byzantine–Seljuq wars | 1048 | 1308 | 260 years |
Polish–Ottoman Wars | 1443 | 1699 | 256 years |
Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts | 1481 | 1718 | 237 years |
Chechen–Russian conflict | 1785 | 2017 | 232 years |
Warring States Period | 453 BC | 223 BC | 230 years |
Anglo-Spanish Wars | 1585 | 1808 | 223 years |
Byzantine–Ottoman Wars | 1265 | 1479 | 214 years |
Polish–Teutonic War | 1308 | 1521 | 213 years |
Franco-Moroccan conflicts | 1765 | 1958 | 193 years |
Cossack uprisings | 1591 | 1775 | 184 years |
Russo-Persian Wars | 1651 | 1828 | 177 years |
Spanish conquest of Chiapas | 1523 | 1695 | 172 years |
Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars | 1368 | 1537 | 169 years |
Russian conquest of Siberia | 1580 | 1747 | 167 years |
Fitnas | 656 | 819 | 163 years |
Ottoman–Hungarian Wars | 1366 | 1526 | 160 years |
Polish–Swedish wars | 1563 | 1721 | 158 years |
Anglo-Dutch Wars | 1652 | 1810 | 158 years |
Australian frontier wars | 1788 | 1934 | 146 years |
Spanish conquest of Guatemala | 1521 | 1667 | 146 years |
Hook and Cod wars | 1350 | 1490 | 140 years |
Mongol invasions and conquests | 1206 | 1337 | 131 years |
Early Muslim conquests | 622 | 750 | 128 years |
Second Hundred Years' War | 1689 | 1815 | 126 years |
Mughal-Sikh Wars | 1635 | 1753 | 118 years |
Hundred Years' War | 1337 | 1453 | 116 years[2] |
Russo-Kazan Wars | 1438 | 1552 | 114 years |
Norwegian civil wars | 1130 | 1240 | 110 years |
Jin–Song Wars | 1125 | 1234 | 109 years |
Seleucid–Parthian wars | 238 BC | 129 BC | 109 years |
Georgian–Seljuk wars | 1099 | 1203 | 104 years |
Russo-Circassian War | 1763 | 1864 | 101 years |
Xhosa Wars | 1779 | 1889 | 110 years |
Tuareg rebellions | 1916 | Ongoing | 105 years |
Hephthalite–Persian Wars | 459 | 562 | 103 years |
Kurdish separatism in Iran | 1918 | Ongoing | 103 years |
Kurdish rebellions in Turkey | 6 March 1921 | Ongoing | 99 years, 10 months, 3 weeks and 5 days |
Afghan–Sikh Wars | 1751 | 1837 | 86 years |
Iraqi–Kurdish conflict | 1918 | 2003 | 85 years |
Dagohoy Rebellion | 24 January 1744 | 31 August 1829 | 85 years, 7 months and 1 week |
Anglo-Afghan War | 1839 | 1919 | 80 years |
Eighty Years' War | 1568 | 1648 | 80 years[3] |
Spanish conquest of Petén | 1618 | 1697 | 79 years |
Muslim conquest of Transoxiana | 673 | 751 | 78 years |
Anglo-Ashanti wars | 1823 | 1900 | 77 years |
Umayyad conquest of Hispania | 711 | 788 | 77 years |
Muslim conquest of Sicily | June 827 | August 902 | 75 years and 2 months |
Apache Wars | 1849 | 1924 | 75 years |
Korean conflict | 15 August 1945 | Ongoing | 75 years, 5 months, 2 weeks and 3 days |
Jewish–Roman wars | 66 | 136 | 70 years |
Dzungar–Qing Wars | 1687 | 1758 | 71 years |
Indo-Pakistani wars | 22 October 1947 | Ongoing | 73 years, 3 months, 1 week and 3 days |
Rohingya insurgency | 1947 | Ongoing | 74 years |
Internal conflict in Myanmar | 2 April 1948 | Ongoing | 72 years, 9 months, 4 weeks and 2 days |
Israeli–Palestinian conflict | 1948 | Ongoing | 73 years |
Israeli–Lebanese conflict | 14 May 1948 | Ongoing | 72 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 4 days |
Arab–Israeli conflict | 15 May 1948 | Ongoing | 72 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 3 days |
Balochistan conflict | 1948 | Ongoing | 73 years |
Pacification of Algeria | 1835 | 1903 | 68 years |
Kashmir conflict | 22 October 1948 | Ongoing | 72 years, 3 months, 1 week and 3 days |
Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes | 1949 | Ongoing | 72 years |
Karen conflict | 1949 | Ongoing | 72 years[4] |
Argentine Civil Wars | 1814 | 1880 | 66 years |
Italian Wars | 1494 | 1559 | 65 years |
Ethnic conflict in Nagaland | 1954 | Ongoing | 67 years |
Xinjiang conflict | 1954 | Ongoing | 67 years |
Sudanese Civil Wars | 18 August 1955 | Ongoing | 65 years, 5 months and 2 weeks |
Darfurs Civil War | 1722 | 1786 | 64 years |
Muslim conquest of the Maghreb | 647 | 709 | 62 years |
Sixty Years' War | 1754 | 1814 | 60 years |
Dutch–Portuguese War | 1601 | 1661 | 60 years |
Lelantine War | 710 BC | 650 BC | 60 years |
Italian unification | 1815 | 1871 | 56 years |
South Thailand insurgency | 1960 | Ongoing | 61 years |
Texas–Indian wars | 1820 | 1875 | 55 years |
Papua conflict | 1962 | Ongoing | 59 years |
Moro attacks on Sabah | 1962 | Ongoing | 59 years |
Insurgency in Northeast India | 1963 | Ongoing | 58 years |
Colombian Conflict | 1964 | Ongoing | 57 years |
Insurgency in Manipur | 24 November 1964 | Ongoing | 56 years, 2 months, 1 week and 1 day |
Basque conflict | 31 July 1959 | 20 October 2011 | 52 years, 2 months, 2 weeks and 6 days |
Bulgarian–Ottoman wars | 1344 | 1396 | 52 years |
Galicia–Volhynia Wars | 1340 | 1392 | 52 years |
Communist insurgency in Myanmar | 1939 | 1989 | 50 years |
Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria | 968 | 1018 | 50 years |
Greco-Persian Wars | 499 BC | 449 BC | 50 years[5] |
Naxalite–Maoist insurgency | 18 May 1967 | Ongoing | 53 years, 8 months and 2 weeks |
Comanche–Mexico Wars | 1821 | 1870 | 49 years |
Wars of the Diadochi | 322 BC | 275 BC | 47 years[6] |
Civil conflict in the Philippines | 29 March 1969 | Ongoing | 51 years, 10 months and 3 days |
CPP–NPA–NDF rebellion | 29 March 1969 | Ongoing | 51 years, 10 months and 3 days |
Moro conflict | 29 March 1969 | Ongoing | 51 years, 10 months and 3 days |
Caucasian War | 1817 | 1864 | 47 years |
Western Sahara conflict | 1970 | Ongoing | 51 years |
Chadian Civil Wars | 1965 | 2010 | 45 years |
Cold War (Indirect War) | 1947 | 1991 | 44 years |
Kongo Civil War | 1665 | 1709 | 44 years |
Sino-Dutch conflicts | 1620 | 1662 | 42 years |
Thirty-Eight Years' War | 770 | 811 | 41 years |
Cabinda War | 8 November 1975 | Ongoing | 45 years, 2 months, 3 weeks and 3 days |
Insurgency in Laos | 3 December 1975 | Ongoing | 45 years, 1 month, 4 weeks and 1 day |
Bab al-Tabbaneh–Jabal Mohsen conflict | 1976 | Ongoing | 45 years |
Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts | 1918 | 1958 | 40 years |
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire | 1532 | 1572 | 40 years |
Chichimeca War | 1550 | 1590 | 40 years |
Umayyad invasion of Gaul | 719 | 759 | 40 years |
Comanche Wars | 1836 | 1875 | 39 years |
War in Afghanistan (1978–present) | 27 April 1978 | Ongoing | 42 years, 9 months and 5 days |
Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present) | 27 November 1978 | Ongoing | 42 years, 2 months and 5 days |
Assam separatist movements | 1979 | Ongoing | 42 years |
Internal conflict in Peru | 17 May 1980 | Ongoing | 40 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 1 day |
Maoist insurgency in Turkey | 12 September 1980 | Ongoing | 40 years, 4 months, 2 weeks and 6 days |
Guatemalan Civil War | 13 November 1960 | 29 December 1996 | 36 years, 1 month, 2 weeks and 2 days[7] |
French Wars of Religion | 1562 | 1598 | 36 years |
Banana Wars | 1898 | 1934 | 36 years |
Anglo-Powhatan Wars | 1610 | 1646 | 36 years |
Holy Man's Rebellion | 1901 | 1936 | 35 years |
Ayutthaya-Lan Na War | 1441 | 1474 | 33 years |
Wars of the Roses | 1455 | 1487 | 32 years[8] |
First War of Scottish Independence | 1296 | 1328 | 32 years[9] |
Casamance conflict | 1982 | 2014 | 32 years |
Anglo-Mysore Wars | 1767 | 1799 | 32 years |
Libyan resistance movement | 1911 | 1943 | 32 years |
Second Viking Invasion of the British Isles | 980 | 1012 | 32 years |
Aceh War | 1873 | 1904 | 31 years[10] |
Afaqi Khoja revolts | 1826 | 1857 | 31 years |
The Troubles | 1968 | 1998 | 30 years |
French conquest of Algeria | 1827 | 1857 | 30 years |
Thirty Years' War | 1618 | 1648 | 30 years[11] |
Eritrean War of Independence | 1 September 1961 | 29 May 1991 | 29 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 2 days |
Murid War | 1830 | 1859 | 29 years |
Lord's Resistance Army insurgency | 1987 | Ongoing | 34 years |
Portuguese Restoration War | 1640 | 1668 | 28 years[12] |
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict | 20 February 1988 | Ongoing | 32 years, 11 months, 1 week and 5 days |
Insurgency in Aceh | 4 December 1976 | 15 August 2005 | 28 years, 8 months, 1 week and 4 days |
Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine | 1 March 1920 | 15 May 1948 | 28 years, 2 months and 2 weeks |
Nicaraguan Revolution | 1962 | 1990 | 28 years |
FULRO insurgency against Vietnam | 20 September 1964 | October 1992 | 28 years |
Communist insurgency in Sarawak | December 1962 | 3 November 1990 | 27 years, 11 months and 2 days |
Peloponnesian War | 431 BC | 404 BC | 27 years[13] |
New Zealand Wars | 1845 | 1872 | 27 years |
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir | 1989 | Ongoing | 32 years |
Abkhaz–Georgian conflict | 1989 | Ongoing | 32 years |
Georgian–Ossetian conflict | 1989 | Ongoing | 32 years |
Sectarianism in Pakistan | 1989 | Ongoing | 32 years |
Internal conflict in Bangladesh | 1989 | Ongoing | 32 years |
Norman Conquest of Sicily | May 1061 | February 1091 | 29 years and 9 months |
Angolan Civil War | 1975 | 2002 | 27 years[14] |
Russo-Finnish wars | 27 January 1918 | 19 September 1944 | 26 years, 7 months, 3 weeks and 2 days |
DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey | 1 April 1990 | Ongoing | 30 years and 10 months |
Mughal–Maratha Wars | September 1681 | May 1707 | 25 years and 8 months |
Livonian War | 1558 | 1583 | 25 years[15] |
Somali Civil War | May 1991[nb 1] | Ongoing | 29 years and 9 months |
Sri Lankan Civil War | 23 July 1983 | 18 May 2009 | 25 years, 9 months, 3 weeks and 4 days |
Spanish American wars of independence | 1808 | 1833 | 25 years |
Oromo conflict | 1992 | Ongoing | 29 years |
Insurgency in Meghalaya | 1996 | Ongoing | 25 years |
Indonesian occupation of East Timor | 7 December 1975 | 31 October 1999 | 23 years, 10 months, 3 weeks and 3 days |
South African Border war | 26 August 1966 | 21 March 1990 | 24 years |
First Punic War | 264 BC | 241 BC | 23 years |
Silesian Wars | 1740 | 1763 | 23 years |
Laotian Civil War | 9 November 1953 | 2 December 1975 | 22 years, 3 weeks and 2 days |
Second Sudanese Civil War | 1983 | 2005 | 22 years |
Occupation of Araucanía | 1861 | 1883 | 22 years |
Chiapas conflict | 1994 | Ongoing | 27 years |
Insurgency in Ogaden | 1994 | Ongoing | 27 years |
Norman conquest of England | 1066 | 1088 | 22 years |
Kandyan Wars | 1796 | 1818 | 22 years |
Little War in Hungary | 1530 | 1552 | 22 years |
Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989) | 17 June 1968 | 2 December 1989 | 21 years, 5 months, 2 weeks and 1 day |
Second Afar insurgency | 1995 | Ongoing | 26 years |
United States occupation of Nicaragua | 1912 | 1933 | 21 years |
Lazic War | 541 | 562 | 21 years |
Great Northern War | 1700 | 1721 | 21 years[23] |
Ottoman conquest of Habesh | 1557 | 1578 | 21 years |
Muslim conquest of Persia | 633 | 654 | 21 years |
Allied Democratic Forces insurgency | 1996 | Ongoing | 25 years |
Eumerella Wars | 1840 | 1860 | 20 years |
War of the Sicilian Vespers | 1282 | 1302 | 20 years |
Somaliland Campaign | 1900 | 1920 | 20 years |
Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict | 1977 | 2 December 1997 | 20 years |
Vietnam War | 1 November 1955 | 30 April 1975 | 19 years, 5 months, 4 weeks and 1 day[24] |
Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591 | 572 | 591 | 19 years |
United States occupation of Haiti | 28 July 1915 | 1 August 1934 | 19 years and 4 days |
Miao Rebellion (1854–1873) | 1854 | 1873 | 19 years |
Gothic War | 535 | 554 | 19 years |
Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen | 1998 | Ongoing | 23 years |
Communal conflicts in Nigeria | 1998 | Ongoing | 23 years |
Jeroboam's Revolt | 931 BC | 913 BC | 18 years |
Communist insurgency in Thailand | 1965 | 1983 | 18 years |
Basmachi movement | 1916 | 1934 | 18 years |
Mahdist War | 1881 | 1899 | 18 years |
Second Punic War | 218 BC | 201 BC | 17 years |
Ethiopian Civil War | 12 September 1974 | 4 June 1991 | 16 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 2 days |
First Sudanese Civil War | 18 August 1955 | 27 March 1972 | 16 years, 7 months, 1 week and 2 days |
Bolivian War of Independence | 1809 | 1825 | 16 years |
Chilean War of Independence | 1810 | 1821 or 1826 | 11–16 years |
Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699) | 1683 | 1699 | 16 years |
Western Sahara War | 30 October 1975 | 6 September 1991 | 15 years, 10 months and 1 week |
Great Turkish War | 14 July 1683 | 26 January 1699 | 15 years, 6 months, 1 week and 5 days |
Lebanese Civil War | 13 April 1975 | 13 October 1990 | 15 years and 6 months |
Rhodesian Bush War | 4 July 1964 | 12 December 1979 | 15 years, 5 months, 1 week and 1 day |
War on Terror | 11 September 2001 | Ongoing | 19 years, 4 months and 3 weeks[25] |
Morean War | 1684 | 1699 | 15 years |
Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula | 218 BC | 19 BC | 199 years |
Long Turkish War | 1591 | 1606 | 15 years |
Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) | 11 April 2002 | Ongoing | 18 years, 9 months and 3 weeks |
Cambodian–Vietnamese War | 30 April 1977 | 23 October 1991 | 14 years, 5 months, 3 weeks and 2 days |
Taliban insurgency | 2002 | Ongoing | 19 years |
Jewish–Babylonian War | 601 BC | 586 BC | 15 years |
Third Indochina War | 1978 | 1992 | 14 years |
Dhofar Rebellion | 1962 | 1976 | 14 years |
Years of Lead (Italy) | 1968 | 1982 | 14 years |
Taiping Rebellion | 1850 | 1864 | 14 years |
Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700) | 1686 | 1700 | 14 years |
Abyssinian–Adal war | 1529 | 1543 | 14 years |
Marcomannic Wars | 166 | 180 | 14 years |
Second Sino-Japanese War | 18 September 1931 | 9 September 1945 | 13 years, 11 months, 3 weeks and 1 day |
War in Darfur | 26 February 2003 | Ongoing | 17 years, 11 months and 6 days |
War in Afghanistan (2001–present) | 7 October 2001 | Ongoing | 19 years, 3 months, 3 weeks and 4 days |
Portuguese Colonial War | 4 February 1961 | 25 April 1974 | 13 years, 2 months and 3 weeks |
Angolan War of Independence | 4 February 1961 | 25 April 1974 | 13 years, 2 months and 3 weeks |
Darul Islam Rebellion | August 1949 | September 1962 | 13 years, 3 weeks and 5 days |
War of the Spanish Succession | 9 July 1702 | 11 July 1715 | 13 years and 2 days |
Conflict in the Niger Delta | 2003 | Ongoing | 18 years |
Peruvian War of Independence | 1811 | 1824 | 13 years |
Venezuelan War of Independence | 1810 | 1823 | 13 years |
Wars of Alexander the Great | 336 BC | 323 BC | 13 years |
War in North-West Pakistan | 16 March 2004 | Ongoing | 16 years, 10 months, 2 weeks and 2 days |
Iran–PJAK conflict | 1 April 2004 | Ongoing | 16 years and 10 months |
Napoleonic Wars | 18 May 1803 | 20 November 1815 | 12 years, 6 months and 2 days[26] |
Burundian Civil War | 21 October 1993 | 15 April 2006 | 12 years, 5 months, 3 weeks and 4 days |
Haitian Revolution | 21 August 1791 | 1 January 1804 | 12 years, 4 months, 1 week and 4 days |
Salvadoran Civil War | 15 October 1979 | 16 January 1992 | 12 years, 3 months and 1 day |
Malayan Emergency | 16 June 1948 | 12 July 1960 | 12 years, 3 weeks and 5 days |
Kivu conflict | 2004 | Ongoing | 17 years |
Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency | 2004 | Ongoing | 17 years |
Iraqi no-fly zones conflict | 1991 | 2003 | 12 years |
Wars of the Three Kingdoms | 1639 | 1651 | 12 years |
Cimbrian War | 113 BC | 101 BC | 12 years |
Guinea-Bissau War of Independence | 23 January 1963 | 10 September 1974 | 11 years, 7 months, 2 weeks and 4 days |
Paraguayan People's Army insurgency | 27 August 2005 | Ongoing | 15 years, 5 months and 5 days |
Mexican War of Independence | 16 September 1810 | 27 September 1821 | 11 years, 1 week and 4 days |
Dano-Swedish War (1501–1512) | 1501 | 1512 | 11 years |
Pool Department insurgency | 1997 | 2008 | 11 years |
Insurgency in Punjab | 1984 | 1995 | 11 years |
Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 1979–1990 | 1979 | 1990 | 11 years |
Queen Anne's War | 1702 | 1713 | 11 years |
Sierra Leone Civil War | 23 March 1991 | 18 January 2002 | 10 years, 9 months, 3 weeks and 5 days |
Nepalese Civil War | 13 February 1996 | 21 November 2006 | 10 years, 9 months, 1 week and 1 day |
Houthi insurgency in Yemen | 18 June 2004 | 6 February 2015 | 10 years, 7 months, 2 weeks and 5 days |
Yugoslav Wars | 31 March 1991 | 12 November 2001 | 10 years, 7 months, 1 week and 5 days |
Syrian Civil War | March 15, 2011 | Ongoing | 9 years, 10 months, 2 weeks and 3 days |
Iran – Iraq War | 22 September 1980 | 20 August 1988 | 7 years, 10 months, 4 weeks and 1 day |
World War II | 1 September 1939 | 2 September 1945 | 6 years and 1 day |
World War I | 28 July 1914 | 11 November 1918 | 4 years, 3 months and 2 weeks |
Conflicts
War | Start date | End date | Duration |
---|---|---|---|
Three Hundred and Thirty Five Years' War | 1651 | 1986 | 335 years[27] |
Arauco War | 1536 | 1818 or 1825 | 282 years or 289 years[28] |
Islamic conquest of Afghanistan | 642 | 870 | 228 years |
Gaza–Israel conflict | June 2006 | Ongoing | 14 years, 7 months and 4 days |
Mexican Drug War | 11 December 2006 | Ongoing | 14 years, 1 month and 3 weeks |
Algerian Civil War | 26 December 1991 | 8 February 2002 | 10 years, 1 month, 1 week and 6 days |
Herzegovina uprising (1852–1862) | 1852 | 1862 | 10 years |
Falklands War | 1982 | 1982 | 42 days[29] |
Insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia | 22 January 2001 | 12 November 2001 | 9 months and 3 weeks |
Football War | 14 July 1969 | 18 July 1969 | 4 days |
Anglo-Zanzibar War | 1896 | 1896 | 38–45 minutes |
Notes
- Various start dates have been offered for when the civil war in Somalia began. The Central Bank of Somalia,[16] the United Nations,[17][18] the US Office of the Secretary of Defense,[19] and Necrometrics all assert that the conflict started in 1991, after the ouster of the Siad Barre administration.[20] Political scientist James Fearon argues that the start of the conflict could be dated to 1981, when armed Isaaq clan militias began to launch small-scale attacks against the Barre regime and its Isaaq members, to the razing of the Isaaq majority town of Hargeisa in 1988 by state forces, or to 1991, following the collapse of the Barre administration and the commencement of interclan warfare. For analytical purposes, he settles on 1991 for the start date of a new civil war, on the grounds that the fighting had begun previously, but that a major party to the conflict was defeated.[21] Robinson writes that the "civil war had effectively begun by 1987", referring to Compagnon.[22]
References
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- Robinson, Colin (2016). "Revisiting the rise and fall of the Somali Armed Forces, 1960–2012". Defense & Security Analysis. 32 (3): 237–252. doi:10.1080/14751798.2016.1199122. S2CID 156874430.
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- "Top 10 Shortest Wars - Listverse". Listverse. 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2018-06-14.
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