List of Romanesque buildings

Listed below are examples of surviving buildings in Romanesque style in Europe, sorted by modern day countries.

List

Austria
Gurk Cathedral, Carinthia

Belgium

Bulgaria
The Church of Saints Peter and Paul in Nikopol

Croatia

Czech Republic
St. George's Basilica, Prague
St. Bartholomew's Church in Prague-Kyje

France
St-Sernin basilica, Toulouse, 1080 – 1120: elevation of the east end
Romanesque sculpture, cloister of St. Trophime, Arles
Romanesque abbey church of Jumièges, Normandy

Romanesque architecture expands in France through monasteries. Burgundy was the center of monastic life in France - one of the most important Benedictine monasteries of medieval Europe was located in Cluny. Pilgrimages also contributed to expansion of this style. Many pilgrims passed through France on their way to Santiago de Compostela.

Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe

French Romanesque schools of architecture, which are specific for every region, are characterised by the variety of stone vaulting.

Germany
Romanesque St. Michael's Church (1010-33) in Hildesheim – a World Heritage Site
Romanesque portal of Schottenkirche, Regensburg

Hungary
The Romanesque church of Lébény
  • Calvinist church, Ócsa (e. 13th century)
  • Parish church of the Annunciation of Our Lady, Türje (e. 13th century)
  • Parish church of St. James the Apostle, Lébény (c. 1190-1212)
  • Premontre monastery church, Zsámbék, (c. 1220–1235)
  • Parish church of St. George, Ják (c. 1220-1256)
  • Abbey Church of the Assumption of Our Lady, Belapatfalva (1232–1246)
  • Cathedral of Pécs Pécs (11th century, 1882–1891)
  • Royal palace at Esztergom Esztergom (10th-13th century)
  • Pannonhalma Archabbey (certain parts) Pannonhalma (11th-13th century)

Ireland
Carving above doorway, Clonfert Cathedral, Co. Galway, Ireland

Italy

In Italy, the prevalent diffusion is in Lombardy, in Emilia - Romagna, in Tuscany, in the continental part of Veneto and in Apulia; everyone of these "Romanesque styles" has proper characteristics, for constructing methods and for materials. For example, a characteristic of Romanesque is that to change the classic elements with Christian elements, but in Tuscany and Apulia the classic decoratings remain.

Materials depended from the local disponibility, because the importation was too expensive. In fact, in Lombardy the most used material is ceramic, because of the argillous nature of the terrain; but that is not true for Como, where there were large diponibility of stone; in Tuscany buildings in white marble (from Carrara) are frequent, with inserts of green serpentin marble.

In Lombardy and Emilia, in that age united, in Romanesque epoque there was a great artistic flowering. The most monumental churches and cathedrals are often built with the campata system, with varying columns which weigh a tutto sesto arcos. In plain the material of construction is prevalently the mattone, but buildings in stone do not lack. The greater part of the Roman cities along the via Emilia is equipped in this age of monumental cathedral, between which they already maintain to the medieval system.

Abruzzo

Abbey of Sant'Antimo

Aosta Valley

Emilia-Romagna

Piacenza Cathedral

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Basilica di Santa Maria Assunta, Aquileia

Latium

  • Cathedral of Acquapendente (province of Viterbo)
  • Church of S. Maria della Libera (Aquino - province of Frosinone)

Lombardy

Basilica of San Lorenzo, Milan

Marche

Ancona Cathedral

Piedmont

San Secondo (Magnano)
  • Vezzolano Abbey (Albugnano - province of Asti)
  • Crypt of Sant'Anastasio (Asti)
  • Pieve of San Secondo (Cortazzone - province of Asti)
  • San Secondo (Magnano)
  • Church of Saints Nazarius and Celsus (Montechiaro - province of Asti)
  • Pieve of San Lorenzo (Montiglio - province of Asti)
  • San Michele, Oleggio
  • Abbey of Santi Nazario e Celso (San Nazzaro Sesia - province of Novara)
  • Abbey of Santa Fede (Cavagnolo - province of Tourin)
  • Cattedrale dell'Addolorata (Acqui Terme - province of Alessandria)
  • Church of S. Pietro (Albugnano - province of Asti)
  • Baptistery of Agrate (Agrate Conturbia - province of Novara)
  • Romanesque architecture in Canavese area Ivrea - Media related to Romanesque architecture in Canavese at Wikimedia Commons

Puglia

Basilica of St. Nicholas
Trani Cathedral

Sardinia

Sicily

Abbey of the Santo Spirito, Caltanissetta

Tuscany

San Miniato al Monte
Abbey of San Galgano

Umbria

Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
San Francesco, Terni
Church of San Silvestro (Bevagna)
  • Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
  • Cathedral of Spoleto
  • San Francesco, Terni
  • Chiesa di San Bernardino da Siena (La Pigge - Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • Chiesa di Sant'Arcangelo (La Pigge - Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • Eremo di San Marco e la grotta del Beato Ventura (La Pigge - Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • Chiesa Tonda (La Pigge - Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Maria di Pietrarossa (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Stefano di Piaggia (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Nicolò (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Fabiano (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Tommaso (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Sabino (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Pietro a Pettine (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Costanzo (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Andrea (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Egidio di Borgo (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Donato (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Leonardo del Colle (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Martino in Manciano (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Apollinare (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Stefano in Manciano (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Pietro in Bovara (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Maria di Pelan (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Paolo di Coste (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Croce in Val dell'Aquila (Trevi - province of Perugia)
  • S. Emiliano (Trevi - province of Perugia)

Veneto

Basilica di San Zeno, (Verona)

Netherlands

Poland
St Peter and Paul-Collegiate, Kruszwica
St. Andrew's Church, Kraków
Collegiate church, Tum
St. Mary Magdalene Church, Wrocław

Portugal
Façade of the Old Cathedral of Coimbra (Portugal, second half of the 12th century).

Romania

Serbia

Slovakia
Spišská Kapitula.

During the time of early Christianity every 10 villages were ordered to build a church. Several rotunda have been built in this time.

Spain
Castle of Loarre, Huesca
San Juan de la Peña, Huesca
Collegiate church of Santillana del Mar, Spain. Cloister
Saint Clement of Taüll in Catalonia, Spain. Lombard Romanesque
Sant Pere de Rodes, Girona
Monastery of Santo Domingo de Silos, Spain. Capitel detail
San Isidoro, León
San Martín de Tours de Frómista
Cathedral of Zamora
Inner view of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Crypt of the Monastery of Leyre, Navarra
Main article: Romanesque architecture in Spain

Before Cluny`s influence, Romanesque first developed in Spain in the 10th and 11th centuries in Catalonia, Huesca and the Aragonese Pyrenees, simultaneously with the north of Italy, into what has been called "First Romanesque" or "Lombard Romanesque". It is a primitive style whose characteristics are thick walls, lack of sculpture and the presence of rhythmic ornamental arches.

Romanesque architecture truly arrives with the influence of Cluny through the Way of Saint James pilgrimage route that ends in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. The model of the Spanish Romanesque in the 12th century was the Cathedral of Jaca, with its characteristic apse structure and plan, and its "chess" decoration in strips called taqueado jaqués. As the Christian kingdoms advanced towards the South, this model spread throughout the reconquered areas with some variations. Spanish Romanesque was also influenced by the Spanish pre-Romanesque styles, mainly the Asturian and the Mozarab. But there is also a strong influence from the moorish architecture, so close in space, specially the vaults of Córdoba`s Mosque, and the polylobulated arches. In the 13th century, some Romanesque churches were built with early Gothic architectural elements. Aragón, Catalonia, Castile and Navarra are the areas where numerous examples of Spanish Romanesque can be found.

Aragon

Province of Huesca

Province of Zaragoza

Cantabria

Catalonia

Province of Barcelona

Province of Lleida

Province of Girona

Province of Tarragona

Castile and León

Province of Avila

Province of Burgos

Province of León

  • Basilica of San Isidoro, with "Royal Pantheon"
  • Arbás Church

Province of Palencia

Province of Salamanca

Province of Segovia

  • Duratón La Asunción de María, church
  • Fuentidueña Church of San Miguel
  • Grado del Pico Church of San Pedro
  • Perorrubio Church of San Pedro
  • Requijada Church of Virgen de Las Vegas
  • San Pedro de Gaillos Church
  • Sepúlveda Church of San Salvador

Province of Soria

Province of Zamora

Galicia

Province of A Coruña

Province of Lugo

Province of Ourense

  • Cathedral, Ourense, Romanesque and Gothic

Madrid
  • San Pedro de la Rúa. Church and cloister. Estella
  • Church of San Miguel, Estella
  • Palace of the Kings of Navarra, Estella
  • Church of Santo Sepulcro, Torres del Río
  • Monastery of Leyre (San Salvador de Leyre) Abbey
  • Church of Santa María la Real, Sangüesa

Sweden and Norway
Lund Cathedral
Galata Tower, Galata, Istanbul

Switzerland

Turkey

England

In England, Romanesque architecture is often termed 'Norman architecture'. Castles, cathedrals and churches of the Norman period have frequently been extended during later periods. It is normal to find Norman in combination with Gothic architecture.

Scotland

See also
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