GNB4

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB4 gene.[5][6][7]

GNB4
Identifiers
Aliases	GNB4, CMTD1F, G protein subunit beta 4
External IDs	OMIM: 610863 MGI: 104581 HomoloGene: 69140 GeneCards: GNB4
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 3 (human)[1] Band 3q26.33 Start 179,396,088 bp[1] End 179,451,476 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 3 (mouse)[2] Band 3|3 A3 Start 32,580,332 bp[2] End 32,616,585 bp[2]
Gene ontology Molecular function • GO:0032403 macromolecular complex binding • signal transducer activity Cellular component • myelin • lysosomal membrane • extracellular exosome • cytosol Biological process • cellular response to glucagon stimulus • substantia nigra development • signal transduction • protein folding Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	59345	14696
Ensembl	ENSG00000114450	ENSMUSG00000027669
UniProt	Q9HAV0	P29387
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_021629	NM_013531 NM_001348062 NM_001348104 NM_001348105
RefSeq (protein)	NP_067642	NP_038559 NP_001334991 NP_001335033 NP_001335034
Location (UCSC)	Chr 3: 179.4 – 179.45 Mb	Chr 3: 32.58 – 32.62 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors.[7]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000114450 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027669 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Downes GB, Gautam N (Mar 2000). "The G protein subunit gene families". Genomics. 62 (3): 544–52. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5992. PMID 10644457.
6. Ruiz-Velasco V, Ikeda SR, Puhl HL (Feb 2002). "Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of the human G protein beta 4-subunit". Physiol Genomics. 8 (1): 41–50. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00085.2001. PMID 11842130.
7. "Entrez Gene: GNB4 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4".

Further reading

• Pietruck F, Moritz A, Montemurro M, et al. (1996). "Selectively enhanced cellular signaling by Gi proteins in essential hypertension. G alpha i2, G alpha i3, G beta 1, and G beta 2 are not mutated". Circ. Res. 79 (5): 974–83. doi:10.1161/01.res.79.5.974. PMID 8888689.
• Asano T, Morishita R, Ueda H, Kato K (1999). "Selective association of G protein beta(4) with gamma(5) and gamma(12) subunits in bovine tissues". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (30): 21425–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.30.21425. PMID 10409705.
• Huang L, Shanker YG, Dubauskaite J, et al. (2000). "Ggamma13 colocalizes with gustducin in taste receptor cells and mediates IP3 responses to bitter denatonium". Nat. Neurosci. 2 (12): 1055–62. doi:10.1038/15981. PMID 10570481. S2CID 24494794.
• Evanko DS, Thiyagarajan MM, Siderovski DP, Wedegaertner PB (2001). "Gbeta gamma isoforms selectively rescue plasma membrane localization and palmitoylation of mutant Galphas and Galphaq". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (26): 23945–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.M101154200. PMID 11294873.
• Huang L, Max M, Margolskee RF, et al. (2003). "G protein subunit G gamma 13 is coexpressed with G alpha o, G beta 3, and G beta 4 in retinal ON bipolar cells". J. Comp. Neurol. 455 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1002/cne.10396. PMID 12454992. S2CID 22270368.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, et al. (2003). "Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (9): 7220–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210304200. PMID 12486123.
• Sprague RS, Bowles EA, Olearczyk JJ, et al. (2003). "The role of G protein beta subunits in the release of ATP from human erythrocytes". J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53 (4 Pt 1): 667–74. PMID 12512701.
• Rosskopf D, Nikula C, Manthey I, et al. (2003). "The human G protein beta4 subunit: gene structure, expression, Ggamma and effector interaction". FEBS Lett. 544 (1–3): 27–32. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00441-1. PMID 12782285. S2CID 80919988.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.