GNB2

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB2 gene.[5][6]

GNB2
Identifiers
Aliases	GNB2, G protein subunit beta 2
External IDs	OMIM: 139390 MGI: 95784 HomoloGene: 68451 GeneCards: GNB2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 7 (human)[1] Band 7q22.1 Start 100,673,567 bp[1] End 100,679,174 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5 G2|5 76.54 cM Start 137,528,127 bp[2] End 137,533,510 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • GO:0032403 macromolecular complex binding • calcium channel regulator activity • signal transducer activity • GO:0001948 protein binding • GTPase activity • GTPase binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • cell body • vesicle • membrane • focal adhesion • myelin • cell membrane • lysosomal membrane • perinuclear region of cytoplasm • extracellular exosome • cytosol • extracellular • macromolecular complex Biological process • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • cellular response to glucagon stimulus • signal transduction • protein folding • regulation of molecular function Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2783	14693
Ensembl	ENSG00000172354	ENSMUSG00000029713
UniProt	P62879	P62880
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_005273	NM_010312
RefSeq (protein)	NP_005264	NP_034442
Location (UCSC)	Chr 7: 100.67 – 100.68 Mb	Chr 5: 137.53 – 137.53 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes.

This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. This gene contains a trinucleotide (CCG) repeat length polymorphism in its 5' UTR.[6]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172354 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029713 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Glockner G, Scherer S, Schattevoy R, Boright A, Weber J, Tsui LC, Rosenthal A (Dec 1998). "Large-scale sequencing of two regions in human chromosome 7q22: analysis of 650 kb of genomic sequence around the EPO and CUTL1 loci reveals 17 genes". Genome Res. 8 (10): 1060–73. doi:10.1101/gr.8.10.1060. PMC 310788. PMID 9799793.
6. "Entrez Gene: GNB2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2".

Further reading

• Downes GB, Gautam N (2000). "The G protein subunit gene families". Genomics. 62 (3): 544–52. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5992. PMID 10644457.
• Dawson SJ, White LA (1992). "Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin". J. Infect. 24 (3): 317–20. doi:10.1016/S0163-4453(05)80037-4. PMID 1602151.
• Lovett M, Kere J, Hinton LM (1991). "Direct selection: a method for the isolation of cDNAs encoded by large genomic regions". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (21): 9628–32. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.21.9628. PMC 52771. PMID 1946378.
• Blatt C, Eversole-Cire P, Cohn VH, et al. (1988). "Chromosomal localization of genes encoding guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunits in mouse and human". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (20): 7642–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.20.7642. PMC 282248. PMID 2902634.
• Fong HK, Amatruda TT, Birren BW, Simon MI (1987). "Distinct forms of the beta subunit of GTP-binding regulatory proteins identified by molecular cloning". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (11): 3792–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.11.3792. PMC 304962. PMID 3108879.
• Gao B, Gilman AG, Robishaw JD (1987). "A second form of the beta subunit of signal-transducing G proteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (17): 6122–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.17.6122. PMC 299020. PMID 3114742.
• Buhl AM, Osawa S, Johnson GL (1995). "Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation requires two signal inputs from the human anaphylatoxin C5a receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (34): 19828–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.34.19828. PMID 7649993.
• Ray K, Kunsch C, Bonner LM, Robishaw JD (1995). "Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated the gamma 4, gamma 10, and gamma 11 subunits". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (37): 21765–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.37.21765. PMID 7665596.
• Pumiglia KM, LeVine H, Haske T, et al. (1995). "A direct interaction between G-protein beta gamma subunits and the Raf-1 protein kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (24): 14251–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.24.14251. PMID 7782277.
• Ueda N, Iñiguez-Lluhi JA, Lee E, et al. (1994). "G protein beta gamma subunits. Simplified purification and properties of novel isoforms". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (6): 4388–95. PMID 8308009.
• Liang JJ, Cockett M, Khawaja XZ (1998). "Immunohistochemical localization of G protein beta1, beta2, beta3, beta4, beta5, and gamma3 subunits in the adult rat brain". J. Neurochem. 71 (1): 345–55. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71010345.x. PMID 9648884. S2CID 83954980.
• Kleiderlein JJ, Nisson PE, Jessee J, et al. (1999). "CCG repeats in cDNAs from human brain". Hum. Genet. 103 (6): 666–73. doi:10.1007/s004390050889. PMID 9921901. S2CID 23696667.
• Asano T, Morishita R, Ueda H, Kato K (1999). "Selective association of G protein beta(4) with gamma(5) and gamma(12) subunits in bovine tissues". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (30): 21425–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.30.21425. PMID 10409705.
• Suzuki H, Fukunishi Y, Kagawa I, et al. (2001). "Protein-protein interaction panel using mouse full-length cDNAs". Genome Res. 11 (10): 1758–65. doi:10.1101/gr.180101. PMC 311163. PMID 11591653.
• Blake BL, Wing MR, Zhou JY, et al. (2002). "G beta association and effector interaction selectivities of the divergent G gamma subunit G gamma(13)". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (52): 49267–74. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106565200. PMID 11675383.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, et al. (2003). "Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (9): 7220–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210304200. PMID 12486123.
• Sprague RS, Bowles EA, Olearczyk JJ, et al. (2003). "The role of G protein beta subunits in the release of ATP from human erythrocytes". J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53 (4 Pt 1): 667–74. PMID 12512701.