Blue Line (Bangkok)

The MRT Blue Line (Thai: รถไฟฟ้า สายสีน้ำเงิน) is Bangkok's third rapid transit line, following the Sukhumvit line and Silom line of the BTS Skytrain. It is the first of the MRT system and is operated by Bangkok Expressway and Metro (BEM). The oringinal 20 km MRT Blue Line from Hualumphong to Bang Sue opened on 3 July 2004. A 1.2km extension to Tao Poon opened on 11 August 2017. The 15.9 km western extension to Lak Song opened for full service on 29 September 2019 and the 11 km extension from Tao Poon to Tha Phra to form the quasi loop, opened for full service on 30 March 2020.

MRT Blue Line
Train arriving at Si Lom station
Overview
Native nameสายเฉลิมรัชมงคล
OwnerMass Rapid Transit Authority
LocaleBangkok
TerminiTha Phra
Lak Song (via Thailand Cultural Centre)
Stations38
Service
TypeRapid transit - heavy rail
SystemMRT
Operator(s)Bangkok Expressway and Metro
Depot(s)Phra Ram 9
Phetkasem
History
Opened3 July 2004
Technical
Line length48 km (30 mi)
Number of tracks2
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
ElectrificationThird rail
Operating speed80 km/h (50 mph)
Route map

 Tha Phra
 MRT 
 Charan 13
 Fai Chai
 Bang Khun Non
 MRT 
 Bang Yi Khan
 Sirindhorn
 Bang Phlat
 Bang O
Chao Phraya River
 Bang Pho
 Tao Poon
 MRT 
Bang Sue
Bang Sue Central
under construction
 SRT   SRT   ARL 
 Kamphaeng Phet
 Chatuchak Park
 BTS 
Sukhumvit Line
 Phahon Yothin
 Lat Phrao
( MRL )
 Ratchadaphisek
 Sutthisan
 Huai Khwang
 Thailand Cultural Centre
 MRT 
Rama 9 Depot
 Phra Ram 9
Airport Rail Link
Light Red Line
 Phetchaburi
 SRT   ARL 
 Sukhumvit
 BTS 
Sukhumvit Line
Queen Sirikit
National Convention Centre
 Khlong Toei
 Lumphini
 Si Lom
 BTS 
Silom Line
 Sam Yan
 Hua Lamphong
 SRT 
Dark Red Line
 Wat Mangkon
 Sam Yot
 MRT 
 Sanam Chai
 Chao Phraya River
 Itsaraphap
Tha Phra
 MRT 
 Bang Phai
Silom Line
 Bang Wa
 BTS 
 Phetkasem 48
Phetkasem Depot
 Phasi Charoen
 Bang Khae
 Lak Song
 Phutthamonthon Sai 2
 Thawi Watthana
 Phutthamonthon Sai 3
 Phutthamonthon Sai 4

The line has a total length of 48 km, being a quasi circle route of the Bangkok rapid transit network. The MRT Blue line connects major business, residential and cultural areas of Bangkok. In late 2019, the daily average daily ridership was 400,000.[1]

Route Alignment

The MRT Blue Line starts at the upper platform of Tha Phra station. It runs on an elevated viaduct northward along Charan Sanit Wong Road to Bang O station. Then turning eastwards crossing the Chao Phraya River, entering Bang Pho station and Tao Poon station in Bang Sue District. The line then descends to an underground section. It follows the Kamphaeng Phet, Phahon Yothin and Lat Phrao Roads, then turns south following Ratchadaphisek Road to Queen Sirikit National Convention Centre station. It then turns west following Rama IV Road. It passes Hua Lamphong station in Pathum Wan District, through Chinatown, then under the Chao Phraya River before ascending onto an elevated viaduct to the lower platform of Tha Phra station. The line continues west along Phet Kasem Road to Lak Song station in Bang Khae, situated near Kanchanaphisek Road or Western Outer Ring road. It forms a quasi circle loop around Bangkok.

History
Fare gates in a Blue Line station
The platform of Phetchaburi MRT station
The exit level of Kamphaeng Phet MRT station
Vending machines at Wat Mangkon MRT station.
The concourse level of Sanam Chai MRT station

Officially named Chaloem Ratchamongkhon (Thai สายเฉลิมรัชมงคล) – "Celebration of Royal Auspice" – or informally but commonly called as the "MRT Blue Line", this was the first metro line under the newly formed government agency, the Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand (MRTA). Most civil infrastructure was provided by this government agency and handed over to a private sector on a 25-year concessionaire agreement. The winning bidder was Bangkok Expressway and Metro (BEM). Under this agreement, BEM provides maintenance and engineering equipment, including electrical trains, signalling systems, SCADA, communication, platform screen doors and fully operate the system from Hua Lamphong to Bang Sue.[2][3] BEM has subcontracted maintenance of the system for 10 years to Siemens and seven-year maintenance contracts to two local maintenance services.[4]

Construction of the line from Hua Lamphong to Bang Sue began on 19 November 1996. The project suffered multiple delays not only because of the 1997 economic crisis, but also due to challenging civil engineering works of constructing massive underground structures deep in the water-logged soil upon which the city is built. The MRT Blue Line opened for a limited public trial period of several weeks starting on 13 April 2004. On 3 July 2004, the line was officially opened at 19:19 local time by HM King Bhumibol and Queen Sirikit who were accompanied by other members of the royal family. Within 30 minutes of its opening, sightseers filled the system to its maximum capacity, but after the initial rush ridership settled down to around 180,000 riders daily — considerably lower than projections of over 400,000, despite fares being slashed in half from 12-38 baht to 10-15 baht per trip.[5]

Extension to Tao Poon

As part of the rapid transit master plan the original MRT Blue Line section was planned to be extended from Hua Lamphong to Lak Song, and from Bang Sue to Tha Phra, forming a circle open-loop route. The contract for the first part of extension to Tao Poon was signed on 26 August 2009[6] as part of MRT Purple Line contract as it provided interchange to the MRT Purple Line. The 1.2km Bang Sue to Tao Poon extension opened on 11 August 2017.[7] This added the first elevated station, Tao Poon, to the Blue line.[8][9]

Extensions to Lak Song and Tha Phra

The major extension of the MRT Blue Line was the 27 km extension west to Lak Song and from Tao Poon to Tha Phra with 19 stations consisting of four underground and 15 elevated stations. Contracts for civil work were divided into five contracts. Successful bids were announced in late 2010.[10][11][12] On 17 February 2011, the five contracts were signed.[13][14]

Contract Notes Length
1 Hua Lamphong to Sanam Chai (2 stations underground, Bt11.65 billion, contractor ITD) 2.8 km
2 Sanam Chai to Tha Phra (2 stations underground, Bt10.82B, contractor CK) 2.6 km
3 Tao Poon to Tha Phra (8 stations elevated, Bt11.40B, contractor SH-Unique Joint venture) 11 km
4 Tha Phra to Lak Song (7 stations elevated, plus a park-and-ride venue and maintenance yard, Bt13.43B, contractor STEC) 10.5 km
5 Rolling stock and systems, Bt5.17 billion, contractor CK.

Construction commenced in mid-2011 for a scheduled 2016 opening but this was subsequently delayed to 2019-2020. In August, 2017, BEM awarded the automatic fare collection ticket for the extension to Thales which to install its TransCity system.[15] The contract also includes ongoing training and future support. In September 2017, BEM announced that Siemens and ST Electronics Thailand were awarded the contract (Contract 5) to supply, install and maintain the E&S systems systems, install station platform screen doors and fit out the depot. Siemens also won the contract to supply 35 sets of rolling stock.[16]

In 2017, the cabinet approved the amendment of the Blue line concession[17] with BEM, and the new agreement was signed on 31 March 2017.[18] Under the new agreement, BEM will operate the new extensions from Hua Lampong to Lak Song and Bang Sue to Tha Phra. The concession period was extended from 2029 to 2050.

The extension was opened in stages. The Hua Lamphong - Lak Song extension was opened for trial service on 29 July with full commercial services commencing 29 September 2019.

Hua Lamphong - Lak Song timeline of opening
Date Notes
29 July 2019 Free trial service from Hua Lumphong to Tha Phra commenced. Service on extension only available from 10.00-16.00. Passengers required to change train at Hua Lumphong for a service on extended route.[19]
24 August 2019 Service extended to Bang Wa.[20]
21 September 2019 Service was extended to Lak Song. Service hours were extended to the line's normal service hours of 06.00-24.00.
29 September 2019 Full commercial service was commenced.

The Tao Poon - Tha Phra extension opened for limited trial services from 29 November 2019 with full commercial services commencing on 30 March 2020.

Tao Poon - Tha Phra timeline of opening
Date Notes
4 December 2019 Free trial service from Tao Poon to Sirindhorn commenced. Service on extension only available from 10.00-16.00. Passengers required to change train at Tao Poon for a service on extended route.[21]
23 December 2019 Service was extended to Tha Phra.[22]
1 March 2020 Through service from Tha Phra to Lak Song via Bang Sue[23]
30 March 2020 Full commercial service commenced.[24]

Rolling stock

The MRT Blue line is service by 54 three-car trains of which, 19 are first generation Siemens Modular Metro sets and 35 sets are second generation. The trains are powered by 750v DC via third rail system, are air-conditioned and capable of traveling at up to 80 km/h.[25]

First Generation

19 three-car Siemens Modular Metro were ordered for the initial part of the line. The trains entered service on 3 July 2004.[26] In 2017, BEM starts removing some seats from the train to increase interior space to cope with rising number of passengers. In 2019, the BEM stated that it is interested in refurbishing the first generation trains. Including the CCTV cameras, and new dynamic route map replacing the traditional ones.[27]

  • First Generation train near Tao Poon station.
  • Inside a Blue Line train, Siemens Modular Metro.
  • Interior of first generation trains. Noted only 1 row of handrails and hanging strap are present and with traditional route map above doors.

Second Generation

In 2017, BEM ordered 35 three-car Siemens Modular Metros[28] as part of the line extension program.[29][30] Under the contract, Siemens were to supply 35 trains and provide maintenance for ten years with a price tag of 20 billion baht. The fleet was built at the Siemens plant in Vienna and tested in Germany. The first train arrived in 2019 with all trains delivered by early 2020.[31]

  • Second Generation train
  • Interior of second generation trains. With 3 rows of handrails and hanging strap. Along with dynamic route map.
  • Dynamic route map on new trains

Operation

The MRT Blue line runs from Tha Phra to Lak Song via Bang Sue, Phra Ram 9 and Hua Lamphong, serving 38 stations. The line operates everyday from 6am to midnight with headway of 4 minutes during rush hour and a maximum headway of 8 minutes after 10 pm.[32]

All stations on the line are equipped with platform screen doors. Stations are built to accommodate six-car trains, but only three-car trains were used. Uniformed security personnel and security cameras are present at every platform. Passenger announcements on this line are made by journalist and news broadcaster Sarocha Pornudomsak. The line has 2 depots, one in Huai Khwang District,[33] which is located between Phra Ram 9 and Thailand Cultural Centre station. The 2nd depot is located in Chom Thong District, near Phetkasem 48 station.[34]

Fares increased by 1 baht from 1 January 2021. For example, a one station journey increases to Bt17 from Bt16, four stations to Bt24 from Bt23, seven stations to Bt31 from Bt30 and 10 stations to Bt38 from Bt37.[35] The maximum fare is 42 baht.

Ridership

At opening in 2004, initial ridership was 180,000 per day — considerably lower than the projections of over 400,000. By 2016, the average daily ridership was 273,637.[36] By September 2017, BEM stated that average daily ridership had increased to 360,000 after the opening of the extension to Tao Poon.[37]

After the opening of the extension to Lak Song on 29 September 2019, average daily ridership increased to 400,000.[1][38] The MRT Blue line was expected to grow to a daily ridership of 800,000 once the Lak Song and Tha Phra extensions opened. Thereafter, ridership did grow to 600,000 per day once the extensions opened. However, the impact of COVID-19 resulted in a dramatic reduction of ridership down to an average of 360,000 per day reverting to September 2017 levels.[39]

Accident record

On 17 January 2005, just after 09:15, an empty train returning to the depot collided with a peak-hour train filled with passengers at the Thailand Cultural Centre station. Around 100-262 people, depending on the news source, were injured.[40][41][42] Most of whom sustained only minor injuries, and the entire Metro network was shut down for two weeks. On 31 January 2005 then prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra ride the metro to increase public confident in the system.

After initial investigations, it was found that the empty train had run into problems shortly before the accident, grinding to a halt on a curve leading to the depot. The driver applied its brake and was waiting to be towed to the depot close to Thailand Cultural Centre station. A rescue train was attempting to connect to the stalled train when the driver was told to release the brake while coupling had not yet been successful. It was then that the empty train began to roll backwards at a speed of ten meters per second, before smashing into the other train, which was carrying passengers. Therefore, it was believed that the incident was caused by negligence due to insufficient training of operation staff.[43] This accident also resulted in two damaged trains with heavily damaged areas limited to the two leading cars. The colliding speed was suspected to be about 60 km/h due to the appearance of damaged areas. However, one train, which was rebuilt from the repair of the minor-damaged cars, was already fitted for operation at the end of 2006 and the remaining one was still under heavy repair until mid of 2007; it was released into service in October 2007. The cost resulting from the accident might be a much higher figure than BEM quoted, and it was expected to be at least 400 million baht, which was totally insured by a local insurance company.[40]

The line resumed full operations on 1 February 2005. Passenger numbers soon rose back to pre-crash levels, partly due to a temporary promotional fare scheme which allowed passengers to travel any distance on the MRT for only ten baht.

Network Map

Stations
Code
Station name
English
Station name
Thai
Connections
Location
BL01-U Tha Phra ท่าพระ  MRT  (South section) Bangkok Yai
BL02 Charan 13 จรัญฯ 13
BL03 Fai Chai ไฟฉาย Bangkok Noi
BL04 Bang Khun Non บางขุนนนท์ Commuter trains (Transfer at Charansanitwong Halt)
BL05 Bang Yi Khan บางยี่ขัน Bang Phlat
BL06 Sirindhorn สิรินธร
BL07 Bang Phlat บางพลัด
BL08 Bang O บางอ้อ
BL09 Bang Pho บางโพ Chao Phraya Express Boat Bang Sue
BL10 Tao Poon เตาปูน  MRT 
BL11 Bang Sue บางซื่อ Intercity trains, commuter trains (Transfer at Bang Sue Junction railway station) Chatuchak
BL12 Kamphaeng Phet กำแพงเพชร
BL13 Chatuchak Park สวนจตุจักร  BTS  (Transfer at Mo Chit station)
BL14 Phahon Yothin พหลโยธิน  BTS  (Transfer at Ha Yaek Lat Phrao station)
BL15 Lat Phrao ลาดพร้าว
BL16 Ratchadaphisek รัชดาภิเษก Din Daeng/Huai Khwang
BL17 Sutthisan สุทธิสาร
BL18 Huai Khwang ห้วยขวาง
BL19 Thailand Cultural Centre ศูนย์วัฒนธรรมแห่งประเทศไทย
BL20 Phra Ram 9 พระราม 9
BL21 Phetchaburi เพชรบุรี  ARL  (Transfer at Makkasan Station), Eastern Lines Ratchathewi
BL22 Sukhumvit สุขุมวิท  BTS  Watthana
BL23 Queen Sirikit National Convention Centre ศูนย์การประชุมแห่งชาติสิริกิติ์ Khlong Toei
BL24 Khlong Toei คลองเตย
BL25 Lumphini ลุมพินี Sathon
BL26 Si Lom สีลม  BTS  (Transfer at Sala Daeng station) Bang Rak
BL27 Sam Yan สามย่าน Pathum Wan
BL28 Hua Lamphong หัวลำโพง Intercity trains, commuter trains (Transfer at Bangkok railway station)
BL29 Wat Mangkon วัดมังกร Samphanthawong
BL30 Sam Yot สามยอด Phra Nakhon
BL31 Sanam Chai สนามไชย Chao Phraya Express Boat
BL32 Itsaraphap อิสรภาพ Bangkok Yai
BL01-L Tha Phra ท่าพระ  MRT  (North section)
BL33 Bang Phai บางไผ่ Phasi Charoen
BL34 Bang Wa บางหว้า  BTS 
BL35 Phetkasem 48 เพชรเกษม 48
BL36 Phasi Charoen ภาษีเจริญ
BL37 Bang Khae บางแค Bang Khae
BL38 Lak Song หลักสอง
Further information: List of rapid transit stations in Bangkok


Future Extension

Since 2011, there were requests from residents to extend the line further from Lak Song west to the Phutthamonthon area. The MRTA has indicated a willingness to undertake this extension. In July 2014, the MRTA submitted a request for 84 million baht to complete a route survey for a 7.8 km extension from Lak Song to Phutthamonthon Sai 4.[44] In late March 2017, the Transport Ministry stated that this 7.8 km extension would be submitted to Cabinet for approval in April 2017. The expected timeframe was for construction to commence in the 4th quarter of 2017.[45] However, the tender was delayed until late 2019. In late 2019, the project was put on hold indefinitely due to cost and low ridership expected.[46]

Lak Song-Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Extension
Code
Station name
English
Station name
Thai
Connections
Location
BL39 Phutthamonthon Sai 2 พุทธมณฑลสาย 2 Bang Khae/Nong Khaem
BL40 Thawi Watthana ทวีวัฒนา
BL41 Phutthamonthon Sai 3 พุทธมณฑลสาย 3
BL42 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 พุทธมณฑลสาย 4

See also

References
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  17. mgronline.com https://mgronline.com/business/detail/9600000031726. Retrieved 24 April 2020. Missing or empty |title= (help)
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  24. "30 มีนาคมนี้ รฟม. และ BEM พร้อมเปิดให้บริการรถไฟฟ้าสายเฉลิมรัชมงคลช่วงเตาปูน – ท่าพระ (สายสีน้ำเงินส่วนต่อขยาย) อย่างเป็นทางการ". metro.bemplc.co.th (in Thai). Retrieved 24 April 2020.
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  27. mgronline.com https://mgronline.com/business/detail/9620000110394. Retrieved 26 April 2020. Missing or empty |title= (help)
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  38. "Operator website. Reporting a line usage".
  39. เช็กคืบหน้ารถไฟฟ้าทุกสี ต้นปี 64 เปิดประมูล สีม่วง “เตาปูน-ราษฎร์บูรณะ. Prachachat, 1 December 2020
  40. "3 นาทีคดีดัง : ชนสนั่น! วันโกลาหล รถไฟฟ้าใต้ดิน (คลิป)". thairath.co.th (in Thai). 14 April 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  41. mgronline.com https://mgronline.com/crime/detail/9480000007248. Retrieved 27 April 2020. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  42. "Article with photos of an event".
  43. "Thai subway shut for safety probe". BBC News. 17 January 2005. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
  44. ลุ้นคลังไฟเขียวงบรถไฟ-รฟม [Win No Green Light Railway Company - MRTA]. Than Online (in Thai). 15 July 2014.
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  46. "ชะลอทำรถไฟฟ้า3สายหวั่นผู้โดยสารน้อย/ไม่คุ้มทุน". ryt9.com (in Thai). Retrieved 24 April 2020.
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