Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia

The tables below provide statistics on the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups most commonly found among ethnolinguistic groups and populations from East and South-East Asia.

Y-DNA haplogroup migration in East Asia.

ST means Sino-Tibetan languages.

Main table

Population	Language	n	C	D	F	K[nb 1]	N	O1a	O1b	O2	P	Q	Others	Source
Achang (Lianghe, Yunnan)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	40	5.0	0		2.5			≥10.0	82.5		0		Shi 2005 Yang 2005
Aeta (Philippines)	Austronesian	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	28	0	NO=12, S=60	Karafet 2015[1]
Aini (Xishuangbanna)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	52	11.5	0				3.8	O2a= 7.7	40.4		0	K(xO1a,O2a,O3,P) =34.6, F(xK)=1.9	Wen 2004[2]
Ainu	Ainu	16	12.5	87.5		0	0	0	0	0		0		Tajima 2004[3]
Andamanese	Andamanese	37	0	73.0		5.4	0	0	2.7	5.4	10.8	0		Thangaraj 2002[4]
Bali (Indonesia)	Austronesian	551	1.8	0		1.1	0	18.1	58.8	6.9		0.4	H=3.4	Karafet 2005[5]
Borneo (Indonesia)	Austronesian	40	5.0	0	5	10	0	15	37.5	17.5				Kayser 2002[6]
Chin (Chin State)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	19							42.1	52.6				Peng 2014[7]
South China	ST, HM	384	9.6	2.1		0.5	4.4	6.8	17.4	57.8		0.3		Karafet 2005[5]
Daur	Altaic (Mongolic)	39	30.8	0		0	≥7.7	≥5.1	20.5	25.6		0	K2a(xN1,O)=2.6 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=2.6	Xue 2006[8]
Deng (Zayü County)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	109	1.1	2.2			1.1			94.4				Kang 2012[9]
East Asia	East Asian languages	988	19.9	4.8		1.9	6.4	5.4	16.3	33.7			R1a=2.8	Xue 2006[8]
Filipino	Austronesian	50	0	0		10	0	46		38				Tajima 2004[3]
Filipino	Austronesian	115	5			20		28	3	39			S=2	Scheinfeldt 2006[10]
Garo	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	71	8.5	0					≥11.3	59.2	7.0		H1a=1.4, F(xH,J2,K)=4.2 O(xO2a,O3)=4.2 K(xL,O,P)=4.2	Reddy 2007[11]
Han (China)	ST (Sinitic)	166	6.0	0.6		1.2	9.0	9.6	16.3	55.4		0.6		Karafet 2005[5]
Han (Chengdu, Sichuan)	ST (Sinitic)	34	11.8	0		0	2.9	14.7	17.6	52.9		0		Xue 2006[8]
Han (Meixian, Guangdong)	ST (Sinitic)	35	8.6	0		2.9	2.9	20.0	14.3	51.4		0		Xue 2006[8]
Han (Harbin, Heilongjiang)	ST (Sinitic)	35	14.3	0		0	5.7	2.9	8.6	65.7		0	J=2.9	Xue 2006[8]
Han (Lanzhou, Gansu)	ST (Sinitic)	30	20.0	6.7		0	6.7	6.7	3.3	36.7		0	J=10.0 R1a1=6.7 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.3	Xue 2006[8]
Han (Xi'an)	ST (Sinitic)	34	23.53	8.82			5.88	8.82	8.82	38.24		2.94	R=2.94	Kim 2011[12]
Han (Yili, Xinjiang)	ST (Sinitic)	32	6.3	3.1		9.4	0	9.4	12.5	46.9			R1a1=6.3 P(xR1a1)=3.1 Unknown(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9	Xue 2006[8]
Han (Taiwan)	ST (Sinitic)	183	6.3	0.3				22.4	8.5	58.2		1.1		Tsai 2001[13]
Hani (China)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	34	17.6	0		0	11.8	0	50.0	17.6		0	Unknown(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9	Xue 2006[8]
Hezhe (China)	Altaic (Tungusic)	45	28.9	0		0	17.8	0	6.7	44.4		0	K2a(xN1,O)=2.2	Xue 2006[8]
Hmong–Mien (China)	Hmong–Mien	169	8.9	3.6		0	1.2	3.6	22.5	61.5		0		Karafet 2005[5]
Hui (Ningxia, China)	Sino-Tibetan	54					1.9						R1b = 3.7; R1a = 11.1; J = 9.3; L = 1.9	Karafet 2001[14]
Northeast India	Tibeto-Burman	173	0.6	1.2		1.7	0			86.7		0	H=2.9	Cordaux 2004[15]
East Indonesia	Austronesian, Papuan	344	61.9	0		10.5		2.6		7.3			S=11,M=4	Mona 2009[16]
Japan	Japanese	259	8.5	34.8	0	0	1.6	0	31.6	20.1	0	0.4	NO=2.3, I=0.4, R=0.4	Hammer 2005[17]
Japan	Japanese	263	5.3	39.2		0	0.8	3.4	34.2	16.7		0.4	0	Nonaka 2007[18]
Japan (Shikoku)	Japanese	97		25.7										Nonaka 2007[18]
Japan (Tokyo)	Japanese	56		36.0				3.2	18.0					Poznik et al. (2016)[19]
Japan (Kantō)	Japanese	137	3.6	48.2	0	0	2.2	3.07	14.5	0.7				Nonaka 2007[18]
Western Japan	Japanese	97	7.2	26.8				4.1	37.1	23.9		0		Nonaka 2007[18]
Java	Austronesian	53	1.9	0		1.9	0	22.6	41.5	22.6			R1=3.8	Kayser 2002[6]
Khalkh	Altaic (Mongolic)	85	56.5	3.5	2.4[20]			0	0	18.8			J=2.4, N1c=4.7 P(xR1a1)=4.7 R1a1=3.5 K(xN1c,O,P)=3.5	Katoh 2004[21]
Korea	Korean	317	9.1	0				4.1	30.3	44.5		0.6		Shin 2001[22]
Korea	Korean	110	15.5	0			5.5	2.7	28.2	45.5			K(xNO)=1.8	Kim 2007[23]
Koreans (China)	Korean	25	12.0	0		4.0	4.0	0	32.0	40.0		0	BT(xC,DE,J,K)=8.0	Xue 2006[8]
Koreans (Korea)	Korean	43	16.3	2.3		2.3		0	30.2	39.5			P(xR1a1)=2.3 J=2.3	Xue 2006[8]
Koreans (Seoul-Gyeonggi)	Korean	110	13.6	0.9			1.8	0.9	28.2	50.9		2.7	L=0.9	Kim 2011[12]
Koreans (Gangwon)	Korean	63	12.7				6.4	1.6	39.7	38.1		1.6		Kim 2011[12]
Koreans (Chungcheong)	Korean	72	11.1	1.4			4.2	1.4	30.6	50		1.4		Kim 2011[12]
Koreans (Jeolla)	Korean	90	13.3	3.3			4.4	1.1	33.3	43.3			L=1.1	Kim 2011[12]
Koreans (Gyeongsang)	Korean	84	16.7	2.4			4.8	2.4	33.3	36.9		1.2	L=1.2 R=1.2	Kim 2011[12]
Koreans (Jeju)	Korean	87	8.1	1.2			6.9	5.8	32.2	43.7		1.2	R=1.2	Kim 2011[12]
South Korea	Korean	506	12.6	1.6		0	4.5	1.8	32.4	44.3		1.4	L=0.6, R=0.4	Kim 2011[12]
South Korea	Korean	706	12.9	2.5		0	3.8	3.1	33.4	42.1		1.8	R=0.1, J1=0.1	Park 2012[24]
Lhoba (Mainling County)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	61	0	20.8		0	34.6			33.8		0.8	J=0.8, R=7.7 O(xO3)=1.5	Kang 2012[9]
Island South East Asia	Austronesian	312	15.7			24.4		23.7	14.1	18.6			M1=5.4	Capelli 2001[25]
Island South East Asia	Austronesian, Papuan	272	9.9			8.8		20.2	18.7	22.1			S=4, M=3	Kayser 2006[26]
Malaysia	Austronesian	50	6		6	8	0	8	32	30			M=2	Scheinfeldt 2006[10]
Manchu	Sinitic, Tungusic	101	16.8			2.0		3.0	33.7	42.6			O*(xO1,O2b,O3) =1.0, P*(xR1a)=1.0	Katoh 2004[21]
Manchu	Sinitic, Tungusic	35	25.7	2.9		2.9	14.3	2.9	14.3	37.1		0		Xue 2006[8]
Mongolia	Mongolic	149					8.1						G=0.7; J=2.7	Hammer 2005[17]
Mongolia	Mongolic	65	53.0	1.5		1.5	10.6	0	1.5	10.6		4.5	R1=9.1	Xue 2006[8]
Inner Mongolia	Mongolic, Sinitic	45	46.7	0		4.4	13.3	0	2.2	28.9		0		Xue 2006[8]
Naga (Myanmar)	Tibeto-Burman	15								100				Peng 2014[7]
Negritos (Philippines)	Austronesian	64	10.8			50.8				13.8	4.6		O(xM122)=18.5, others=1.5	Heyer 2013[27]
Oroqen	Tungusic	31	61.3	0		3.2	6.5		6.5	19.4		0	O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.2	Xue 2006[8]
Qiang	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	33	0	18.2		0	0	15.2	15.2	36.4			BT(xC,DE,J,K)=9.1 P(xR1a1)=6.1	Xue 2006[8]
Sibe	Tungusic	41	26.8	2.4		4.9	17.1	7.3	2.4	26.8			J=7.3 P(xR1a1)=2.4 BT(xC,DE,J,K)=2.4	Xue 2006[8]
Sumatra	Austronesian	57	5.3	1.8	14	3.5	0	17.5	14.0	29.8			S=3	Kayser 2006[26]
Taiwanese aborigines	Austronesian	246	0.4	0		0	0	66.3	10.6	11.0				Capelli 2001[25]
Thai	Tai–Kadai	34	2.9	2.9		0	0	8.8		35.3			O(xO1,O3)=44.1	Tajima 2004[3]
Tibet	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	156	2.6	51.6		0	4.5	0	0	33.9		3.2	H=1.9, R1a=1.9	Gayden 2007[28]
Tibetans (Lhasa, Tibet)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	46	8.7	41.3	4.3	0	0	0	2.2	39.1	4.3			Wen 2004[2]
Tibetans (Zhongdian, Yunnan)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	50	4.0	36.0		12.0		0	4.0	44.0		0		Wen 2004[29]
Tibetans (Yushu, Qinghai)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	92	14.1	22.8	14.1	21.7		1.1		19.6	6.5			Wen 2004[2]
Tibetans (Guide, Qinghai)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	39	2.6	48.7	5.1[30]			7.7	0	10.3			J=5.1, R1a1=2.6 P(xR1a1)=2.6	Zhou 2008[31]
Tibetans	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	35	0	42.9		0	8.6	0	0	40.0		0	R1a1=8.6	Xue 2006[8]
Tibeto-Burman	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	964	8.4	18.5	5.4	17.7		3.1	6.3	38.7				Wen 2004[2]
Tujia (Hunan)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	155	15.5	1.3		12.9		9.7	3.9	53.5	1.9			Wen 2004[2]
Uyghur	Altaic (Turkic)	70	7.1	1.4		7.1	8.6	1.4	0	11.4			others=63	Xue 2006[8]
Vietnam	Austroasiatic	70	4.3	2.9		0	2.9	5.7	32.9	40.0		7.1	J=2.9	Karafet 2005[5]
Yao (Bama, Guangxi)	Hmong–Mien	35	17.1	2.9		0		2.9	40.0	34.3		0	K2a(xN1,O)=2.9	Xue 2006[8]
Yao (Liannan, Guangdong)	Hmong–Mien	35	2.9	0		0	0	5.7	8.6	82.9		0		Xue 2006[8]
Yi (Sichuan, Yunnan)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	125	5.6	0.8	18	28.0		0.8	7.2	28.8				Wen 2004[2]
Zakhchin	Altaic (Mongolic)	60	46.7	3.3	1.7[32]		N1c= 3.3	0	O2b= 3.3	8.3			R1a1=13.3 O(xO1a,O2b,O3) =8.3, J=1.7 P(xR1a1)=5.0 K(xN1c,O,P)=5.0	Katoh 2004[21]
Zhuang (Yongbei)	Tai–Kadai	23	8.7	4.35		4.35		17.39	30.44	17.4			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=21.704	Chen 2006[33]
Zhuang (Youjiang)	Tai–Kadai	5		40					20	20			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=20	Chen 2006[33]
Zhuang (Tianlin)	Tai–Kadai	22						4.55	72.73	9.1			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=13.64	Chen 2006[33]
Bouyei (Guibian)	Tai–Kadai	4				25		25		25			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=25	Chen 2006[33]
Zhuang (Hongshuihe)	Tai–Kadai	39	2.56	5.13		5.13		10.26	12.82	41.02			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=23.08	Chen 2006[33]
Zhuang (Guibei)	Tai–Kadai	21	4.76	4.76		4.76		4.76	9.52	28.58			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=38.1	Chen 2006[33]
Zhuang (Yongnan)	Tai–Kadai	19				5.26		10.53	21.06	42.1			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=15.79	Chen 2006[33]
Tay (Zuojiang)	Tai–Kadai	15		6.67					40	20			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=33.33	Chen 2006[33]
Zhuang (Shangsi)	Tai–Kadai	15						20	66.67				O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=13.33	Chen 2006[33]
Nung (Dejing)	Tai–Kadai	3											O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=100	Chen 2006[33]

Austronesian and Tai-Kadai

The following is a table of Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup frequencies of Austro-Tai peoples (i.e., Tai-Kadai peoples and Austronesian peoples).[34]

Ethnolinguistic group	Language branch	n	C	D (xD1)	D1	F(xK)	M	K[nb 2]	O (xO1a, O1b1a1a,O2)	O1a(xO1a2)	O1a2 (M110/M50)	O1b1a1a (xO1b1a1a1a1a)	O1b1a1a1a1a (M111/M88)	O2 (xO2a1a1a1a1, O2a2a1a2, O2a2b1a1)	O2a1a1a1a1 (M121)	O2a2a1a2 (M7)	O2a2b1 (xO2a2b1a1)	O2a2b1a1 (M117)	P (inc. Q & R)
Bolyu	Austroasiatic (Pakanic)	30		3.3				3.3	10.0	10.0	3.3	23.3		30.0			6.7	10.0
Buyang (Yerong)	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	16										62.5	6.3	18.8			12.5
Qau (Bijie)	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	13		15.4				7.7	23.1			15.4		30.8				7.7
Blue Gelao (Longlin)	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	30						3.3	13.3	60.0		16.7		3.3			3.3
Lachi	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	30	3.3		3.3	13.3		13.3	16.7	6.7		10.0		3.3			6.7	23.3
Mulao (Majiang)	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	30	10.0					3.3	13.3	3.3	3.3	63.3		3.3
Red Gelao (Dafang)	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	31	3.2					6.5	22.6	22.6		16.1		12.9				16.1
White Gelao (Malipo)	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	14							35.7	14.3		42.9					7.1
Hlai (Qi, Tongza)	Tai-Kadai (Hlai)	34							35.3	32.4		29.4						2.9
Jiamao	Tai-Kadai (Hlai)	27							25.9	51.9		22.2
Paha	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	32		3.1		6.3		6.3	9.4	3.1		71.9
Cun	Tai-Kadai (Hlai)	31	3.2					6.5	9.7	38.7				38.7				3.2
Qabiao	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	25							32.0	4.0		60.0					4.0
Caolan	Tai-Kadai (Central Tai)	30	10.0					10.0	53.3	3.3		20.0					3.3
Zhuang, Northern (Wuming)	Tai-Kadai (Northern Tai)	22							13.6		4.6	72.7			4.6			4.6
Zhuang, Southern (Chongzuo)	Tai-Kadai (Central Tai)	15							13.3	20.0		60.0	6.7
Lingao	Tai-Kadai (Be)	30						3.3	16.7	26.7		13.3		3.3			10.0	26.7
E	Tai-Kadai (Northern Tai)	31	3.2			3.2		9.7	16.1	6.5		54.8		3.2			3.2
Lakkia	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	23	4.4	52.2				4.4				8.7		26.1		4.4
Kam (Sanjiang)	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	38	21.1					5.3	10.5			39.5		10.5			2.6	10.5
Sui (Rongshui)	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	50				8.0		10.0		18.0		44.0					20.0
Mak & Ai-Cham	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	40						2.5				87.5		5.0			2.5		2.5
Mulam	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	40	2.5		12.5	7.5		5.0		5.0	25.0	30.0		7.5			5.0
Maonan	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	32	9.4			9.4		15.6				56.3		9.4
Biao	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	34	2.9						5.9	14.7		17.7		52.9					5.9
Then	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	30		3.3					3.3	33.3		50.0						6.7	3.3
Tanka (Lingshui)	Sinitic	40	20.0	5.0		2.5		7.5	17.5	7.5	5.0	17.5					2.5	15.0
Cao Miao	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	33						8.2		10.0		3.0		66.7			12.1
Amis	Austronesian (Formosan)	28							7.1	42.8	17.8	7.1		21.4			3.6
Pazeh	Austronesian (Formosan)	21						14.3		38.1	19.1	14.3		14.3
Siraya (Makatao)	Austronesian (Formosan)	37	2.7					2.7	5.4	70.3		5.4					13.5
Thao	Austronesian (Formosan)	22						4.6		81.8	4.6			9.1
Paiwan	Austronesian (Formosan)	22								63.6	27.3						9.1
Atayal	Austronesian (Formosan)	22								95.5				4.5
Rukai	Austronesian (Formosan)	11								81.8	18.2
Puyuma	Austronesian (Formosan)	11								72.7	9.1			9.1					9.1
Tsou	Austronesian (Formosan)	18								88.9	5.6			5.6
Bunun	Austronesian (Formosan)	17						5.9		17.6	58.8		17.6
Saisiyat	Austronesian (Formosan)	11								45.5	9.1	9.1	9.1	27.3
Batak	Austronesian (Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands)	13						11.6	19.3	23.1		15.4		23.1					7.7
Bangka	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	13	7.7					7.7		30.8		23.1		23.1		7.7
Malay (Riau)	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	13				7.7		7.7	7.7	38.5		7.7		23.1					7.7
Minangkabau	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	15				6.7		20.0	20.0			13.3		20.0					20.0
Palembang	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	11	9.1							63.6		18.2		9.1
Nias	Austronesian (Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands)	12											8.3	91.7
Dayak (Kalimantan Tengah)	Austronesian (Bornean)	15				6.7		26.7		20.0	20.0	6.7	6.7	13.3
Banjar	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	15	13.3			6.7				26.7		26.7		26.7
Javanese	Austronesian (Javanese)	15						26.7	26.7	20.0		13.3		13.3
Tengger	Austronesian (Javanese)	12	16.7					8.3		33.3		33.3				8.3
Balinese	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	14						28.6	14.3	7.1		28.6		14.3		7.1
Bugis	Austronesian (South Sulawesi)	15				13.3		20.0		33.3				26.7				6.7
Toraja	Austronesian (South Sulawesi)	15				13.3		13.3	13.3	13.3	6.7	33.3				6.7
Minahasa	Austronesian (Philippine)	14					7.1	50.0		21.4		7.1		14.3
Makassar	Austronesian (South Sulawesi)	13	23.1							30.8	15.4	7.7		23.1
Kaili	Austronesian (Celebic)	15	6.7					33.3		20.0		6.7		26.7					6.7
Sasak	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	15	13.3					13.3	26.7	6.7		20.0		20.0
Sumbawa	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	18						16.7						83.3
Sumba	Austronesian (CEMP)	14				14.3		78.6						7.1
Alor	Trans–New Guinea	13	38.5					30.7						23.1					7.7
Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay)	Austronesian (CEMP)	11	45.5				36.4	18.2
Cham (Binh Dinh)	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	11							9.1	90.9
Tsat	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	31	12.9						16.1	58.1		3.2					6.5	3.2

Tibeto-Burman branch of Sino-Tibetan

The following table of Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup frequencies of Tibeto-Burman-speaking peoples of western and southwestern China is from Wen, et al. (2004).[2]

Population	n	C-M130	D*	D1-M15	F(xK)	K(xO,P1)	O2 (M122)	O2a2b1 (M134)	O1a (M119)	O1b1a1a (M95)	P1 (M45)
Tibetan (Qinghai)	92	14.13	20.65	2.17	14.13	21.74	5.43	14.13	1.09		6.52
Tibetan (Tibet 1)	75	2.67	33.33	16	2.67	5.33	1.33	32			6.67
Tibetan (Tibet 2)	46	8.7	23.91	17.39	4.35		4.35	34.78		2.17	4.35
Tibetan (Diqing)	27		44.44		3.7	14.81	7.41	29.63
Tibetan (Zhongdian)	49	2.04	28.57	8.16	2.04	10.2	10.2	34.69		4.08
Bai (Dali)	61	8.2	1.64	4.92		18.03	16.39	34.43	4.92	11.48
Lisu (Fugong)	49				2.04	22.45	4.08	61.22		8.16	2.04
Naxi	40	2.5	37.5			7.5		2.5		5
Nu	28		3.57			3.57	14.29	71.43		7.14
Pumi	47	6.38	70.21	2.13		6.38	2.13	6.38	4.26		2.13
Yi (Liangshan)	14			14.29		42.86	21.43	7.14		14.29
Yi (Shuangbai)	50	8	2	1	38	16	1	1	2	4
Yi (Butuo)	43	2.33		16.28	4.65	34.88	4.65	27.91		9.3
Aini (Xishuangbanna)	52	11.54			1.92	34.62	26.92	13.46	3.85	7.69
Bai (Xishuangbanna)	20	2				3	25	15	1
Hani (Xishuangbanna)	34	11.76				35.29	32.35	14.71	2.94	2.94
Jino	36	13.89			5.56	36.11	19.44	19.44		5.56
Lahu (Simao)	13	15.38			30.77	15.38	15.38	15.38		7.69
Lahu (Xishuangbanna)	15				6.67	2	33.33	6.67	2	13.33
Yi (Xishuangbanna)	18	11.11			5.56	33.33	27.78	16.67		5.56
Tujia (western Hunan)	68	14.71			2.94	10.29	29.41	26.47	7.35	8.82
Tujia (Yongshun)	38	5.26		2.63		23.68	39.47	10.53	15.79		2.63
Tujia (Jishou)	49	24.49		2.04		8.16	30.61	22.45	8.16		4.08

See also

• Y-DNA haplogroups by group
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Central and North Asia
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas
• Far East
  • East Asian languages
  • Classification schemes for Southeast Asian languages
  • Ethnic groups in Asia
  • Ethnic groups of Southeast Asia

Notes

1. Most likely K2a(xNO), L, M, N, Q, R, S and/or T
2. Most likely K2a(xN,O), K2b (which includes M, P, Q, R & S) and/or LT

References

1. Karafet, T., Mendez, F., Sudoyo, H. et al. Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia. Eur J Hum Genet 23, 369–373 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2014.106
2. Bo Wen 2004, Analyses of Genetic Structure of Tibeto-Burman Populations Reveals Sex-Biased Admixture in Southern Tibeto-Burmans
3. Atsushi Tajima; et al. (March 2, 2004). "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages". Journal of Human Genetics. 49 (4): 187–193. doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x. OCLC 110247689. PMID 14997363.
4. Kumarasamy Thangaraj et al 2002, Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population Archived October 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
5. Tatiana M. Karafet 2005, Balinese Y-chromosome perspective on the peopling of Indonesia: genetic contributions from pre-neolithic hunter-gatherers, Austronesian farmers, and Indian traders
6. Manfred Kayser et al 2002-2003, Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea
7. Peng Min-Sheng, et al. (2014) Retrieving Y chromosomal haplogroup trees using GWAS data. European Journal of Human Genetics volume 22, pages 1046–1050 (2014). doi:10.1038/ejhg.2013.272
8. Yali Xue et al 2006, Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times Archived September 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
9. Kang Longli, Lu Y, Wang C, Hu K, Chen F, Liu K, Li S, Jin L, Li H; Genographic Consortium (2012). Y-chromosome O3 haplogroup diversity in Sino-Tibetan populations reveals two migration routes into the eastern Himalayas. Annals of Human Genetics (2012) 76,92–99.
10. Laura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer and Joseph Lorenz, "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia," Molecular Biology and Evolution 2006 23(8):1628-1641
11. B. Mohan Reddy 2007, Austro-Asiatic Tribes of Northeast India Provide Hitherto Missing Genetic Link between South and Southeast Asia
12. Soon-Hee Kim 2011, High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea
13. Li-Chin Tsai 2001, Haplotype frequencies of nine Y-chromosome STR loci in the Taiwanese Han population
14. Karafet, Tatiana; Xu, Liping; Du, Ruofu; et al. (September 2001). "Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes". American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 (615–628): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
15. Cordaux, Richard et al 2004, The Northeast Indian Passageway: A Barrier or Corridor for Human Migrations?
16. Mona, Stefano et al 2009, Genetic Admixture History of Eastern Indonesia as Revealed by Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis
17. Michael F. Hammer, Tatiana M. Karafet, Hwayong Park, Keiichi Omoto, Shinji Harihara, Mark Stoneking and Satoshi Horai, "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes," Journal of Human Genetics Volume 51, Number 1 / January, 2006.
18. I. Nonaka et al 2007, Y-chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y-STR Polymorphisms
19. Poznik, G. David; Xue, Yali; Mendez, Fernando L.; et al. (2016). "", "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences". Nature Genetics. 48 (6): 593–599. doi:10.1038/ng.3559. PMC 4884158. PMID 27111036.
20. F(xJ,K): may include G, H or I.
21. Toru Katoh 2004, Genetic features of Mongolian ethnic groups revealed by Y-chromosomal analysis
22. Dong-Jik Shin et al 2001, Y-Chromosome multiplexes and their potential for the DNA profiling of Koreans
23. Wook Kim 2007, Lack of Association between Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups and Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population
24. Myung Jin Park, Hwan Young Lee, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "Understanding the Y chromosome variation in Korea—relevance of combined haplogroup and haplotype analyses." International Journal of Legal Medicine July 2012, Volume 126, Issue 4, pp 589–599. DOI: 10.1007/s00414-012-0703-9
25. Cristian Capelli et al 2001, A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania
26. Manfred Kayser et al 2006, Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific
27. Heyer E, Georges M, Pachner M, Endicott P. Genetic diversity of four Filipino negrito populations from Luzon: comparison of male and female effective population sizes and differential integration of immigrants into Aeta and Agta communities. Hum Biol. 2013 Feb-Jun;85(1-3):189-208. doi: 10.3378/027.085.0310. PMID: 24297226.
28. Tenzin Gayden et al 2007, The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow
29. Bo Wen, Hong Shi, Ling Ren et al., "The origin of Mosuo people as revealed by mtDNA and Y chromosome variation," Science in China Ser. C Life Sciences 2004 Vol.47 No.1 1-10
30. F(xJ,K); may include G, H, or I.
31. Ruixia Zhou 2008, Origin and evolution of two Yugur sub-clans in Northwest China: a case study in paternal genetic landscape
32. F(xJ,K): may include G, H, I.
33. Chen, Jing, et al. (2006). "Y-chromosome Genotyping and Genetic Structure of Zhuang Populations." Acta Genetica Sinica, December 2006, 33 (12): 1060-1072
34. Li, Hui, et al. (2008). "Paternal genetic affinity between western Austronesians and Daic populations." BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008, 8:146. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-146

External links

• Y-DNA Ethnographic and Genographic Atlas and Open-Source Data Compilation