Celebic languages

The Celebic languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken on the island of Sulawesi, formerly called Celebes. Almost all of the languages spoken in the provinces of Central Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi belong to the Celebic group. A few Celebic languages (e.g. Wotu, Bonerate) are located in South Sulawesi province. By number of languages (but not by number of speakers), Celebic is the largest subgroup of Austronesian languages on Sulawesi.

Celebic
Geographic
distribution		Sulawesi
Linguistic classificationAustronesian
Proto-languageProto-Celebic
Subdivisions
Glottologcele1242

Subgrouping

Internal classification

David Mead (2003a:125) classifies the Celebic languages as follows.[1][2]

Position within Austronesian

At the current state of research, the Celebic languages are considered to make up a primary branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup within the Austronesian language family.[3]

Proto-Celebic
Proto-Celebic
Reconstruction ofCelebic languages
RegionSulawesi
Reconstructed
ancestors
Lower-order reconstructions

David Mead (2003a:125) lists the following sound changes for Proto-Celebic and its subgroups.[1]

1. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Celebic

  • *C1C2 > *C2 (C1 not nasal)
  • *h > Ø
  • *d > *r
  • *ay, *-ey > *e
  • *-aw, *-ew > *o
  • *j > *y, Ø

2. Proto-Celebic to Proto-Eastern Celebic

3. Proto-Eastern Celebic to Proto-Saluan–Banggai

  • *-awa- > *oa
  • *-b, *-g > *p, *k
  • *q > *ʔ

4. Proto-Eastern Celebic to Proto-Southeastern Celebic

  • *-w- > Ø
  • *s > *s, *h
  • *Z > *s
  • *ñ > n
  • *b > *b, *w

5. Proto-Southeastern Celebic to Proto-Bungku–Tolaki

  • *q > *ʔ
  • *w- > *h
  • *ʀ > Ø initially and contiguous to *i

6. Proto-Southeastern Celebic to Proto-Muna–Buton

  • *w > Ø
  • final consonant loss (?)

See also

References
  1. Mead, David (2003a). "Evidence for a Celebic supergroup" (PDF). In Lynch, John (ed.). Issues in Austronesian historical phonology. Pacific Linguistics 550. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 115–141.
  2. Mead, David (2003b). "The Saluan-Banggai microgroup of eastern Sulawesi" (PDF). In Lynch, John (ed.). Issues in Austronesian historical phonology. Pacific Linguistics 550. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 65–86.
  3. Smith, Alexander D. (2017). "The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem". Oceanic Linguistics. 56 (2): 435–490. doi:10.1353/ol.2017.0021.
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