Tensaw orthobunyavirus

Tensaw orthobunyavirus is a virus in the genus Orthobunyavirus of the Bunyamwera arbovirus group, order Bunyavirales.[1][2] It is named for the river bordering the area in south Alabama where the prototype strain was discovered.[1] It is abbreviated TEN, TENV, and TSV in the scientific literature.[1]

Tensaw orthobunyavirus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Ellioviricetes
Order: Bunyavirales
Family: Peribunyaviridae
Genus: Orthobunyavirus
Species:
Tensaw orthobunyavirus
Synonyms
  • Tensaw virus

Ecology

Tensaw virus has been isolated from mosquitoes in southwest Alabama, southeast Georgia, and central and south Florida.[3][4] Host mosquitoes include Anopheles crucians, Psorophora ciliata, Psorophora confinnis, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Aedes atlanticus, Aedes mitchellae, Culex nigripalpus, and Mansonia perturbans.[1][3][5]

Disease

The virus produces clinical disease and death in suckling and adult mice but not in hamsters, guinea pigs, or rabbits.[1] Antibodies or virus have been detected in dogs, raccoons, cattle, and humans, but no evidence of infection has been found in sentinel chickens or wild birds.[3]

Serum samples from humans in south Florida have tested positive for neutralizing antibodies to Tensaw virus,[2][6] but clinical disease from Tensaw virus infection in humans had not been reliably demonstrated as of 2006.[7]

Evidence that Bunyamwera serogroup viruses in North America are associated with congenital defects such as macrocephaly and/or microcephaly in humans suggests the possibility that Tensaw virus and other viruses of the family Bunyaviridae may have teratogenic potential in humans.[8]

References
  1. Coleman PH (1969). "Tensaw virus, a new member of the Bunyamwera arbovirus group from the Southern United States". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 18 (1): 81–91. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1969.18.81. PMID 5764201.
  2. Watts SL, Garcia-Maruniak A, Maruniak JE (2009). "Tensaw virus genome sequence and its relation to other Bunyaviridae". Virus Genes. 39 (3): 309–18. doi:10.1007/s11262-009-0400-z. PMID 19760176. S2CID 21792011.
  3. Chamberlain RW, Sudia WD, Coleman PH (1969). "Isolations of an arbovirus of the Bunyamwera group (Tensaw virus) from mosquitoes in the Southeastern United States, 1960–1963". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 18 (1): 92–7. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1969.18.92. PMID 4387750.
  4. Calisher CH, Francy DB, Smith GC, Muth DJ, Lazuick JS, Karabatsos N, Jakob WL, McLean RG (1986). "Distribution of Bunyamwera serogroup viruses in North America, 1956–1984". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 35 (2): 429–43. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1986.35.429. PMID 2869708.
  5. Wozniak A, Dowda HE, Tolson MW, Karabatsos N, Vaughan DR, Turner PE, Ortiz DI, Wills W (2001). "Arbovirus surveillance in South Carolina, 1996-98". J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 17 (1): 73–8. PMID 11345423.
  6. Calisher CH, Lazuick JS, Lieb S, Monath TP, Castro KG (1988). "Human infections with Tensaw virus in south Florida: evidence that Tensaw virus subtypes stimulate the production of antibodies reactive with closely related Bunyamwera serogroup viruses". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 39 (1): 117–22. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1988.39.117. PMID 2899978.
  7. Campbell GL, Mataczynski JD, Reisdorf ES, Powell JW, Martin DA, Lambert AJ, Haupt TE, Davis JP, Lanciotti RS (2006). "Second human case of Cache Valley virus disease". Emerging Infect. Dis. 12 (5): 854–6. doi:10.3201/eid1205.051625. PMC 3374447. PMID 16704854.
  8. Calisher CH, Sever JL (1995). "Are North American Bunyamwera serogroup viruses etiologic agents of human congenital defects of the central nervous system?". Emerging Infect. Dis. 1 (4): 147–51. doi:10.3201/eid0104.950409. PMC 2626893. PMID 8903187.
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