Romanization of Nankinese

Nankinese Pinyin (lang²jin¹hua⁴ Pin¹in¹; simplified Chinese: 南京话拼音; traditional Chinese: 南京話拼音; pinyin: nánjīnghuà pīnyīn), is a romanization system specifically designed for the Nanjing dialect of Jianghuai Mandarin. It is mostly used in Nanjing dialect dictionaries, such as the Dialect Dictionary,[1] and input method.[2] Nankinese Pinyin has features of both German orthography and Hanyu Pinyin. The latter is the only Chinese romanization system formally taught within the People's Republic of China, for convenience amongst users. However, there is also the problem that it is unable to match the phonology of Nankinese with complete precision, as there are many differences between Nankinese and Standard Chinese in phonology.

Scheme

Initials

On the left side of each IPA symbol in the table below are the letters which correspond to their respective sounds in Nankinese Pinyin:

		Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Velar
Plosive	unaspirated	b [p]	d [t]			g [k]
	aspirated	p [pʰ]	t [tʰ]			k [kʰ]
Nasal		m [m]
Affricate	unaspirated		z [ts]	zh [ʈʂ]	j [tɕ]
	aspirated		c [tsʰ]	ch [ʈʂʰ]	q [tɕʰ]
Fricative		f [f]	s [s]	sh [ʂ]	x [ɕ]	h [x]
Liquid			l [l]	r [ʐ]

Finals

On the left side of each IPA symbol in the table below are the letters which correspond to their respective sounds in Nankinese Pinyin, and a sample Chinese character with that syllable rime:

Medial Coda	i[i]	u[u]	ü[y]
/Ø/	i[i] 一*、衣	u[u] 物*、務	ü[y] 育*、 語
a[a] 阿*、啊	ia[ia] 壓*、鴉	ua[ua] 挖*、蛙
ä[ɛ] 額*、愛	iä[iɛ]娾	uä[uɛ] 瓁*、外
e[e] 車[ʈʂʰ-]	ie[ie] 業*、夜		üe[ye] 月*、𦚢
ei[əɪ] 被[p-]		uei[uəɪ] 為
ao[ɔ] 奧	iao[iɔ] 搖
ou[əɯ] 歐	iou[iəɯ] 又
o[o] 惡*、餓	io[io] 約*
ang[ã] 安	iang[iã] 陽	uang[uã] 灣
än[ẽ] 仙[ɕ-]	iän[iẽ] 演		üän[yẽ] 冤
in[iŋ] 印			üin[yiŋ] 運
ong[oŋ] 嗡	iong[ioŋ]用
en[əŋ] 恩		uen[uəŋ] 問
er[ɚ] 而
y[ɿ] 死[s-]
r[ʅ]日*、恥[tʂʰ-]

"*" means the 5th tone, entering tone。

Tones

The Nankinese Pinyin system uses superscript numbers to mark the five tones. The number is placed on the top right corner of every syllable, where "¹" stands for the first tone, "²" stands for the second tone, and so forth.

References

1. 漢語方言發音字典(Dictionary of Chinese Dialects) (in Chinese). Retrieved 2021-02-03.
2. 南京官話拼音方案(Nankinese Pinyin and Input Method) (in Chinese). Retrieved 2021-02-03.