Moma language

Moma (also Kulawi) is an Austronesian language spoken in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Historically, it is derived from the Kaili dialect cluster, but is divergent due to strong influence from Uma.[1][2]

Moma
Kulawi
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Sulawesi
Native speakers	5,500 (2000)[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Celebic Kaili–Pamona Northern Kaili Moma
Language codes
ISO 639-3	myl
Glottolog	moma1242

Phonology

The sound inventory of Moma below had been described by Adriani and Esser (1939).[2]

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p	t		k	?
	voiced	b	d	ɟ	g
Prenasalized plosive	voiceless	ᵐp	ⁿt	ᶮc	ᵑk
	voiced	ᵐb	ⁿd
Fricative	voiceless					h
	voiced	β
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Trill			r
Approximant			l	j

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Close-Mid	e		o
Open		a

Like many other languages on Sulawesi, Moma only has open syllables.[3]

Grammar

Moma has the following pronoun sets:[2]

Moma personal pronouns

	Independent	Enclitic	Prefixed	Suffixed
First-person singular	aku	-a	ku-	-ku
Second-person singular	iko	-ko	nu-	-mu
Third-person singular	hia	-i	na-	-na
First-person plural (inclusive)	kita	-ta	ta-	-ta
First-person plural (exclusive)	kami	-kami	ki-	-kami
Second-person plural	komi	-komi	ni-	-mi
Third-person plural	hira	-ra	ra-	-ra

References

1. Moma at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Adriani, N. and S. J. Esser. (1939). Koelawische taalstudien. (Bibliotheca Celebica, I, II, III.) Bandoeng: A. C. Nix. viii+91+90+113pp. (3 vols).
3. Sneddon, J. N. (1993). "The Drift Towards Final Open Syllables in Sulawesi Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 32 (1): 1–44. JSTOR 3623095.