Michigan's 1st congressional district
Michigan's 1st congressional district is a United States congressional district containing the entire Upper Peninsula of Michigan and 16 counties of Northern Michigan in the Lower Peninsula. The district is currently represented by Republican Jack Bergman.
Michigan's 1st congressional district | |||
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Michigan's 1st congressional district - since January 3, 2013. | |||
Representative |
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Area | 24,875[1] sq mi (64,430 km2) | ||
Distribution |
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Population (2019) | 697,102[3] | ||
Median household income | $51,553[4] | ||
Ethnicity |
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Cook PVI | R+9[5] |
Geography
The district is the second-largest congressional district east of the Mississippi River by land area, behind Maine's 2nd congressional district. Its boundaries contain much of the northern part of the Lower Peninsula in addition to the entire Upper Peninsula. Altogether, the district makes up about 44% of the land area of the state of Michigan. It contains the second-longest shoreline of any district in the United States, behind Alaska's At-large congressional district.
Of the 83 counties in Michigan, 31 lie fully within the district, and it contains a portion of another, Mason County.
History
Prior to 1992, the 1st congressional district was a Detroit-based congressional district. From the election of Republican John B. Sosnowski in 1925 until 1964, the former 1st district was represented by only one non-Polish-American politician, Robert H. Clancy. Along with Sosnowski, 6 Polish-Americans served as the 1st district's representatives elected 7 times, since 1925. The other strong Polish Michigan congressional districts were the 15th district (where half of the elected were Polish-American) and the dissolved 16th district (where all three elected representatives were of Polish descent). In 1964, the 1st congressional district was drawn as a new, African-American majority district reflecting the changing demographics of Detroit, while enough of the old 1st district was moved to the 14th district so that the 14th district retained the 1st's old congressman. John Conyers was elected to congress from the 1st district, a position he would hold until the 1st was removed from Detroit.
After 1992, the 1st district covered land in the UP and Northern Michigan. Most of this territory had been in what is now the 11th district from 1892 to 1992. The 1st from 1992 to 2002 was similar to the present district, except that it did not extend nearly as far south along Lake Michigan, while it took in Traverse City and some surrounding areas on the west side of the state.
Voting
Election results from presidential races | ||
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Year | Office | Results |
1992 | President | Clinton 41 - 35% |
1996 | President | Clinton 47 - 40% |
2000 | President | Bush 52 - 45% |
2004 | President | Bush 53 - 46% |
2008 | President | Obama 50 - 48% |
2012 | President | Romney 54 - 45% |
2016 | President | Trump 58 - 37% |
2018 | Senate | James 54 - 43% |
2018 | Governor | Schuette 52 - 44% |
2020 | President | Trump 58 - 40% |
Major cities in the district
List of members representing the district
Member | Party | Years | Cong ress |
Electoral history | District location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
District created March 4, 1843 | |||||
Robert McClelland |
Democratic | March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1849 |
28th 29th 30th |
Elected in 1843. Re-elected in 1844. Re-elected in 1846. Retired. |
1843–1853 [data unknown/missing] |
Alexander W. Buel |
Democratic | March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1851 |
31st | Elected in 1848. [data unknown/missing] | |
Ebenezer J. Penniman |
Whig | March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853 |
32nd | Elected in 1850. [data unknown/missing] | |
David Stuart |
Democratic | March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855 |
33rd | Elected in 1852. [data unknown/missing] |
1853–1863 [data unknown/missing] |
William A. Howard |
Opposition | March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857 |
34th | Elected in 1854. Re-elected in 1856. [data unknown/missing] | |
Republican | March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859 |
35th | |||
George B. Cooper | Democratic | March 4, 1859 – May 15, 1860 |
36th | Election challenged | |
William A. Howard |
Republican | May 15, 1860 – March 3, 1861 |
36th | Successfully challenged predecessor's election. | |
Bradley F. Granger |
Republican | March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863 |
37th | Elected in 1860. [data unknown/missing] | |
Fernando C. Beaman |
Republican | March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1871 |
38th 39th 40th 41st |
Redistricted from the 2nd district and re-elected in 1862. Re-elected in 1864. Re-elected in 1866. Re-elected in 1868. [data unknown/missing] |
1863–1873 [data unknown/missing] |
Henry Waldron |
Republican | March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873 |
42nd | Elected in 1870. Redistricted to the 2nd district. | |
Moses W. Field |
Republican | March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875 |
43rd | Elected in 1872. [data unknown/missing] |
1873–1883 [data unknown/missing] |
Alpheus S. Williams |
Democratic | March 4, 1875 – December 21, 1878 |
44th 45th |
Elected in 1874. Re-elected in 1876. Died. | |
Vacant | December 21, 1878 – March 3, 1879 |
45th | |||
John S. Newberry |
Republican | March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1881 |
46th | Elected in 1878. [data unknown/missing] | |
Henry W. Lord |
Republican | March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1883 |
47th | Elected in 1880. [data unknown/missing] | |
William C. Maybury |
Democratic[6] | March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1887 |
48th 49th |
Elected in 1882. Re-elected in 1884. [data unknown/missing] |
1883–1893 [data unknown/missing] |
John L. Chipman |
Democratic | March 4, 1887 – August 17, 1893 |
50th 51st 52nd 53rd |
Elected in 1886. Re-elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. Died. | |
1893–1903 [data unknown/missing] | |||||
Vacant | August 17, 1893 – November 7, 1893 |
53rd | |||
Levi T. Griffin |
Democratic | December 4, 1893 – March 3, 1895 |
Elected to finish Chipman's term. [data unknown/missing] | ||
John B. Corliss |
Republican | March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1903 |
54th 55th 56th 57th |
Elected in 1894. Re-elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. [data unknown/missing] | |
Alfred Lucking |
Democratic | March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1905 |
58th | Elected in 1902. [data unknown/missing] |
1903–1913 [data unknown/missing] |
Edwin C. Denby |
Republican | March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1911 |
59th 60th 61st |
Elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. [data unknown/missing] | |
Frank E. Doremus |
Democratic | March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1921 |
62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th |
Elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. [data unknown/missing] | |
1913–1933 [data unknown/missing] | |||||
George P. Codd |
Republican | March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1923 |
67th | Elected in 1920. [data unknown/missing] | |
Robert H. Clancy |
Democratic | March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1925 |
68th | Elected in 1922. [data unknown/missing] | |
John B. Sosnowski |
Republican | March 4, 1925 – March 3, 1927 |
69th | Elected in 1924. Lost renomination. | |
Robert H. Clancy |
Republican | March 4, 1927 – March 3, 1933 |
70th 71st 72nd |
Elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. [data unknown/missing] | |
George G. Sadowski |
Democratic | March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1939 |
73rd 74th 75th |
Elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Lost renomination. |
1933–1943 [data unknown/missing] |
Rudolph G. Tenerowicz |
Democratic[7] | January 3, 1939 – January 3, 1943 |
76th 77th |
Elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Lost renomination. | |
George G. Sadowski |
Democratic | January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1951 |
78th 79th 80th 81st |
Elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. [data unknown/missing] |
1943–1953 [data unknown/missing] |
Thaddeus M. Machrowicz |
Democratic | January 3, 1951 – September 18, 1961 |
82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th |
Elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Resigned to become U.S. District Judge | |
1953–1963 [data unknown/missing] | |||||
Vacant | September 18, 1961 – November 7, 1961 |
87th | |||
Lucien N. Nedzi |
Democratic | November 7, 1961 – January 3, 1965 |
87th 88th |
Elected to finish Machrowicz's term. Re-elected in 1962. Redistricted to the 14th district. | |
1963–1973 [data unknown/missing] | |||||
John Conyers |
Democratic | January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1993 |
89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd |
Elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Redistricted to the 14th district. | |
1973–1983 [data unknown/missing] | |||||
1983–1993 [data unknown/missing] | |||||
Bart Stupak |
Democratic | January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2011 |
103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th |
Elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Retired. |
1993–2003 |
2003–2013 | |||||
Dan Benishek |
Republican | January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2017 |
112th 113th 114th |
Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Retired. | |
2013–present | |||||
Jack Bergman |
Republican | January 3, 2017 – present |
115th 116th 117th |
Elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. |
Elections
2012
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Dan Benishek (incumbent) | 167,060 | 48.1 | |
Democratic | Gary McDowell | 165,179 | 47.6 | |
Libertarian | Emily Salvette | 10,630 | 3.1 | |
Green | Ellis Boal | 4,168 | 1.2 | |
Total votes | 347,037 | 100.0 | ||
Republican hold |
2014
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Dan Benishek (incumbent) | 130,414 | 52.1 | |
Democratic | Jerry Cannon | 113,263 | 45.3 | |
Libertarian | Loel Gnadt | 3,823 | 1.5 | |
Green | Ellis Boal | 2,631 | 1.1 | |
Total votes | 250,131 | 100.0 | ||
Republican hold |
2016
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Jack Bergman | 197,777 | 54.9 | |
Democratic | Lon Johnson | 144,334 | 40.1 | |
Libertarian | Diane Bostow | 13,386 | 3.7 | |
Green | Ellis Boal | 4,774 | 1.3 | |
Total votes | 360,271 | 100.0 | ||
Republican hold |
2018
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Jack Bergman (incumbent) | 187,251 | 56.3 | |
Democratic | Matt Morgan | 145,246 | 43.7 | |
Total votes | 332,497 | 100.0 | ||
Republican hold |
2020
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Jack Bergman (incumbent) | 256,581 | 61.7 | |
Democratic | Dana Ferguson | 153,328 | 36.8 | |
Libertarian | Ben Boren | 6,310 | 1.5 | |
Total votes | 416,219 | 100.0 | ||
Republican hold |
See also
Notes
- "Congressional Districts by Urban/Rural Population & Land Area (109th Congress)" (PDF). 2000 United States Census. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 11 January 2007.
- https://www2.census.gov/geo/relfiles/cdsld13/26/ur_cd_26.txt
- Bureau, Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- "My Congressional District".
- "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
- William C. Maybury was elected as a fusion candidate, but was seated in Congress with the Democratic Party.
- Rudolph G. Tenerowicz campaigned as a Republican in 1946, 1948, 1950, 1952, and 1954.
- https://mielections.us/election/results/14GEN/
- "2016 Michigan Election Results - Official Results". Michigan Department of State. November 8, 2016. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
- "2020 Michigan Election Results Official". Michigan Secretary of State. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
References
- Govtrack.us for the 1st District - Lists current Senators and representative, and map showing district outline
- The Political graveyard: U.S. Representatives from Michigan, 1807–2003
- U.S. Representatives 1837–2003, Michigan Manual 2003–2004
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present