List of wars involving Canada

This is a list of wars involving Canada. The following list includes armed conflicts involving Canada, or the colonies that made up the country prior to Canadian confederation in 1867.

List

Colonial conflicts (10th century – 1867)

The following were conflicts that occurred in present-day Canada from the 10th century to mid-19th century, prior to Canadian confederation. Belligerents in these conflicts typically involved colonies that existed in Canada (i.e. New France, the Canadas, etc.), and/or First Nations groups residing in these region.

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Battle of Vinland (1003)	Vikings	Skræling	Viking victory and withdrawal Thorvald Eiriksson was part of an expedition for the exploration of Vinland and became the first European to die in North America.
Beaver Wars (1609–1701)	Iroqouis	Algonquian allies	Military stalemate Great Peace of Montreal Growth of French influence in the Great Lakes region Huron-Wendat Confederacy destroyed or assimilated Military refugee migration results in expansion of Iroquois hunting grounds Further Iroquois territorial expansion halted in military campaigns by the Council of Three Fires
Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667)	Dutch Republic	Kingdom of England Newfoundland Colony	Status quo ante bellum Dutch capture of St. John's in 1665 led by Michiel de Ruyter St. John's retaken by English
Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–1674)	Dutch Republic	Kingdom of England Colony of Avalon	Status quo ante bellum Dutch capture of Ferryland on 4 September 1673 by ships Green Wife, Arms of Leyden. Schacator, Unity Ferryland retaken by English in 1674
King William's War (1688–1697)	Kingdom of France  New France Wabanaki Confederacy	England English America Iroquois	Status quo ante bellum
Queen Anne's War (1702–1713)	Kingdom of France  New France  Spain Wabanaki Confederacy Caughnawaga Mohawk Choctaw Timucua Apalachee Natchez	England (before 1707) English America  Great Britain (after 1707) British America Muscogee Chickasaw Yamasee Iroquois Confederacy	British-Allied victory France cedes to Britain the control of Acadia, Newfoundland, Hudson Bay, and Saint Kitts
Dummer's War (1722–1725)	New England Colonies Mohawk	Wabanaki Confederacy Abenaki Pequawket Mi'kmaq Maliseet
King George's War (1744–1748)	Kingdom of France  New France Wabanaki Confederacy	British Empire British America Iroquois Confederacy	Status quo ante bellum
Father Le Loutre's War (1749–1755)	Wabanaki Confederacy Mi'kmaw militia Maliseet militia  Kingdom of France  New France Acadian militia	British Empire Nova Scotia	British victory Beginning of the expulsion of the Acadians in 1755
Seven Year's War (1756–1763)	Kingdom of France  New France Wabanaki Confederacy Abenaki Mi'kmaw militia Acadian militia Algonquin Lenape Ojibwa Odawa Shawnee	British Empire British America Iroquois Confederacy Catawba Cherokee (before 1758)	British-Allied victory British military conquest of New France France cedes New France east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain, retaining Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and transfers Louisiana to Spain
Pontiac's War	British Empire Province of Quebec	Ottawas Ojibwas Potawatomis Hurons Miamis Weas Kickapoos Mascoutens Piankashaws Delawares Shawnees Wyandots Mingos Iroquois	* Military stalemate First Nations concede British sovereignty but compel British policy changes
American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)	British Empire Province of Quebec Nova Scotia Onondaga Mohawk Cayuga Seneca Mi'kmaq Cherokee Odawa Muscogee Susquehannock Shawnee	United States  France  Spain Oneida Tuscarora Catawba Lenape Chickasaw Choctaw Mahican Mi'kmaq Abenaki Cheraw Seminole Pee Dee Lumbee	American-Allied victory Incursions into Quebec and Nova Scotia repulsed Great Britain cedes to the United States the area east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Great Britain cedes East Florida, West Florida, and Menorca to Spain
War of 1812 (1812–1815)	British Empire  Lower Canada  Upper Canada Tecumseh's Confederacy Shawnee Ojibwe Fox Iroquois Miami Mingo Odawa Kickapoo Lenape Mascouten Potawatomi Sauk Wyandot  Spain (1814)	United States Choctaw Cherokee Muscogee Seneca	Status quo ante bellum Military stalemate
Pemmican War (1812–1821)	North West Company Metis	Hudson's Bay Company Selkirk's settlers	Merger between the North West Company and Hudson Bay Company
Rebellions of 1837–1838 (1837–1838)	Lower Canada Château Clique  Upper Canada Family Compact	Patriotes Republic of Lower Canada Hunters' Lodges Republic of Canada	Government victory Patriote rebellion crushed by loyalist forces; Republic of Canada dismantled Defeat of Hunters' Lodges Unification of Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada

Confederated Canada (1867–present)

The following table lists conflicts involving Canada following Canadian confederation in 1867.

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result	Killed	Wounded
Fenian Raids (1866–1871)	Canada[note 1]	Fenian Brotherhood	Victory Fenians cease raids	22	32
Wolseley Expedition (1870)	Canada	Métis	Victory Red River Rebellion defeated The legislature passes the Manitoba Act in 1870 Red River Colony enters Canada as the province of Manitoba	None	None
Mahdist War (1881–1899)	United Kingdom  Canada Egypt	Sudan	Victory Sudan becomes the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, a condominium of the British Empire	16[1]
North-West Rebellion (1885)	Canada	Provisional Government of Saskatchewan (Métis) Cree–Assiniboine	Victory Completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway Trial of Louis Riel	26[2]	103
Second Boer War (1899–1902)	United Kingdom  Canada  Australia  New Zealand  India  Ceylon Cape Colony Natal Colony Rhodesia	Orange Free State  South African Republic	Victory British sovereignty over the Orange Free State and the Transvaal in accordance with the Treaty of Vereeniging	267[3]	>250[4]
First World War (1914–1918)	France  United Kingdom  Russia  United States China  Italy  Japan  Canada  Newfoundland  Australia  New Zealand  India  South Africa  Serbia  Montenegro  Romania  Belgium  Greece  Portugal  Brazil	Germany  Austria-Hungary  Ottoman Empire  Bulgaria	Victory End of the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers Establishment of the League of Nations	66,944[5]	~172,000[6]
Russian Civil War (1918–1920)	White Movement  France  United Kingdom  United States China  Italy  Japan  Canada  Australia  India  South Africa  Serbia  Romania  Greece  Czechoslovakia  Poland  Estonia	Russian SFSR  Far Eastern Republic Latvian SSR Ukrainian SSR Commune of Estonia Mongolian Communists	Defeat Allied withdrawal from Russia Bolshevik victory over White Army The Soviet Union becomes the new Russian power	14	24
Second World War (1939–1945)	Soviet Union  United States  United Kingdom  China  France  Poland  Canada  Australia  New Zealand  India  South Africa  Yugoslavia  Greece  Denmark  Norway  Netherlands  Belgium  Luxembourg  Czechoslovakia  Brazil  Mexico  Ethiopia	Germany  Japan  Italy  Hungary  Romania  Bulgaria  Croatia  Slovakia  Finland  Thailand  Manchukuo  Mengjiang	Victory Collapse of the Third Reich Fall of Japanese and Italian Empires Creation of the United Nations Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers Beginning of the Cold War	~45,300[7]	~55,000
Korean War (1950–1953)	South Korea  United Nations  United States  United Kingdom  Australia  Belgium  Canada  France  Philippines  Colombia  Ethiopia  Greece  Luxembourg  Netherlands  New Zealand  South Africa  Thailand  Turkey	North Korea  China  Soviet Union	Ceasefire Ceasefire armistice North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled UN invasion of North Korea repelled Chinese invasion of South Korea repelled Korean Demilitarized Zone established Little territorial change at the 38th parallel border	516[8]	1,042
Congo Crisis (1960–1963)	Congo-Léopoldville UNOC	Katanga  South Kasai	Victory	Unknown	Unknown
October Crisis (1970)	Canada  Quebec	Front de libération du Québec	Victory	Unknown	Unknown
Whisky War (1984-present)	Canada	Denmark	Ongoing Hans Island continues to be claimed by both Canada and Denmark Both countries are planting their flag on the island and leaving a bottle of Danish or Canadian Whisky	None	None
Persian Gulf War (1990–1991)	Kuwait  United States  United Kingdom  Saudi Arabia  France  Canada  Egypt  Syria  Qatar  United Arab Emirates  Oman  Bangladesh	Iraq	Victory Removal of Iraqi invasion force from Kuwait Imposition of sanctions against Iraq	None	None
Somali Civil War (1992–1995)	United States  United Kingdom  Spain  Saudi Arabia  Malaysia  Pakistan  Italy  India  Greece  Germany  France  Canada  Botswana  Belgium  Australia  New Zealand	Somali National Alliance	Victory UN humanitarian mandate fulfilled, saving around 100,000 lives Somalia Affair Dissolution of Canadian Airborne Regiment The Somali Civil War is ongoing	1	None
Bosnian War (1992–1995)	Bosnia and Herzegovina  Croatia  NATO  Belgium  Canada  Denmark  France  Germany  Italy  Luxembourg  Netherlands  Norway  Portugal  Spain  Turkey  United Kingdom  United States	Republika Srpska	Victory Dayton Accords Internal partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the Dayton Accords Deployment of NATO-led IFOR to oversee the peace agreement Massive civilian casualties for the Bosniak ethnic group	20	unknown
Operation Medak Pocket (September 9–17, 1993)	Canada Republic of Serbian Krajina	Croatia	Canadian strategic victory Croatian forces recover Divoselo and Čitluk (in total 48 km^2) Croatian withdrawal UN secures Medak Pocket Canada holds out against an army three times its size without suffering casualties.	None	4
Kosovo War (1998–1999)	UÇK (KLA) AFRK (FARK)  Albania  Croatia  NATO  Belgium  Canada  Czech Republic  Denmark  France  Germany  Hungary  Italy  Luxembourg  Netherlands  Norway  Poland  Portugal  Spain  Turkey  United Kingdom  United States	FR Yugoslavia	Victory Kumanovo Treaty Yugoslav security forces pull out of Kosovo KLA veterans join the UÇPMB, starting the Preševo insurgency	None	None
International Force for East Timor (1999–2000)	Australia  New Zealand  Bangladesh  Brazil  Canada  Denmark  France  Germany  Ireland  Italy  Jordan  Kenya  Malaysia  Norway  Philippines  Portugal  Singapore  South Korea  Thailand  United States	Pro-Indonesian militia	Victory Defeat of Pro-Indonesian militia Stability in East Timor Arrival of UN peacekeepers	None	None
Operation Enduring Freedom (2001–2014)[note 2]	United States  United Kingdom  Germany  Italy  France  Canada  Australia  New Zealand  Georgia  Poland  Romania  Turkey  Afghanistan Northern Alliance ISAF  Albania  Armenia  Austria  Azerbaijan  Bahrain  Belgium  Bosnia and Herzegovina  Bulgaria  Croatia  Czech Republic  Denmark  El Salvador  Estonia  Finland  Greece  Hungary  Iceland  Ireland  Jordan  Latvia  Lithuania  Luxembourg  Malaysia  Mongolia  Montenegro  Netherlands  Norway  Portugal  Republic of Macedonia  Singapore  Slovakia  Slovenia  South Korea  Spain  Sweden   Switzerland  Tonga  Ukraine  United Arab Emirates	Taliban al-Qaeda Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan HI-Gulbuddin Hezb-e Islami Khalis Haqqani network Lashkar-e-Taiba Jaish-e-Mohammed East Turkestan Islamic Movement Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan Islamic Emirate of Waziristan Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi Islamic Jihad Union Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan	Operation ended; Conflict ongoing Fall of the Taliban government in Afghanistan Destruction of al-Qaeda camps Over two thirds of al-Qaeda's leadership demolished Occupation of Afghanistan Establishment of a new Afghan government Killing of Osama bin Laden	158[9]	635
Libyan Civil War (2011)	NTC  Qatar  NATO  Belgium  Bulgaria  Canada  Denmark  France  Greece  Italy  Netherlands  Norway  Romania  Spain  Turkey  United Kingdom  United States  Sweden  Jordan  United Arab Emirates	Libya	Victory Overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in Libya Death of Muammar Gaddafi Dissolution of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya	None	None
Military intervention against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (2014–present)	United States  United Kingdom  Australia  Belgium  Canada  Denmark  France  Germany  Italy  Netherlands  New Zealand  Norway  Portugal  Spain  Sweden  Turkey	Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant	Ongoing Airstrikes on ISIL and al-Qaeda affiliates positions in Iraq and Syria Multinational humanitarian effort Arming and support for local ground forces 2 American journalists, 2 British humanitarian workers, and 1 French tourist executed[10][11][12] As of February 2016, Canada has discontinued bombing ISIS positions[13] but still has special operations units in Iraq[14]	2	At Least 3

See also

• List of Anglo-French conflicts on Hudson Bay
• List of Canadian military operations
• List of Canadian military victories
• List of Canadian peacekeeping missions
• List of conflicts in Canada
• List of massacres in Canada

Notes

1. Raids conducted in 1866 occurred in the Province of Canada, and the colony of New Brunswick, prior to Canadian confederation
2. Canadian Forces ended combat operations in Afghanistan in July 2011, and withdrew its remaining forces from the NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan in March 2014. Operation Enduring Freedom ended in December 2014 marking the end of the first phase of the War in Afghanistan. Although the operation ended, the conflict is still ongoing.

References

1. "Nile Expedition". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
2. "Peel 1519, p. 0". peel.library.ualberta.ca.
3. "WarMuseum.ca - Canada and the South African War (Boer War) - 1899-1902". www.warmuseum.ca.
4. Canada, Veterans Affairs (February 20, 2019). "Canada Remembers the South African War Historical Sheet - South African War - History - Remembrance - Veterans Affairs Canada". www.veterans.gc.ca.
5. Mougel, Nadège. "World War I casualties" (PDF). Centre européen Robert Schuman.
6. Canada, Veterans Affairs (February 20, 2019). "The First World War - History - Veterans Affairs Canada". www.veterans.gc.ca.
7. "Research Starters: Worldwide Deaths in World War II". The National WWII Museum | New Orleans.
8. Canada, Veterans Affairs (February 20, 2019). "Canada Remembers the Korean War Historical Sheet - The Korean War - History - Remembrance - Veterans Affairs Canada". www.veterans.gc.ca.
9. "Fallen Canadians Afghanistan".
10. "Obama vs ISIS: This time it's personal". The Daily Beast. 22 August 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
11. "US weighs direct military action against ISIS in Syria". The New York Times. 22 August 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
12. "French hostage beheading: France to boost Syria rebels". BBC News. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
13. http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-canada-isis-fight-announcement-1.3438279. Missing or empty |title= (help)
14. "Canadians making a difference against ISIS in Iraq | Toronto Sun". November 11, 2016.