List of solar eclipses in the Middle Ages

This is a list of selected solar eclipses in the Middle Ages, in particular those with historical significance.

Historically significant solar eclipses

Date of eclipse	Time (UTC)			Type	Central Duration	Eclipse Path	Notes
	Start	Mid	End
November 30, 810	-	12:02	-	total	01m08s	Sweden	Believed to be one of multiple signs leading to an inscription on the Rök runestone which speculated a climate crisis of extreme winter.[1]
May 1, 1185	-	13:18	-	total	05m10s	Central America, Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, and Kazakhstan	Mentioned by Kievan Rus' in his epic poem about Igor Svyatoslavich's army campaign against the Polovtsians.[2] Also recorded in the Laurentian Codex; the description there is the first record of solar prominences.[3]
April 21, 1186	-	05:32	-	partial		Bulgaria, Hungary	This eclipse allowed the Byzantines, led by Isaac II Angelos, to make a counteroffensive against rebels attacking Thrace.[4]

Statistics

Longest total eclipses

Below is a list of all total eclipses longer than 7 minutes that occurred between the 5th and 15th centuries.

Date of eclipse	Central Duration	Reference
23 May 681	07m10s	[5]
3 June 699	07m17s	[5]
13 June 717	07m15s	[6]
25 June 735	07m02s	[6]
29 May 1044	07m12s	[7]
9 June 1062	07m20s	[7]
20 June 1080	07m18s	[7]
1 July 1098	07m05s	[7]

Solar eclipses by century

Century	No.	Eclipse type				Longest eclipse[lower-alpha 1]		Two-eclipse months[lower-alpha 2]	Ref.
		Partial (P)	Annular (A)	Total (T)	Hybrid (H)	Length	Date
5th	233	80	84	67	2	10m43s	12 November 486	August 463	[8]
6th	251	93	87	65	6	10m41s	22 November 504	August 528, July 539, May 542	[9]
7th	251	90	90	67	4	10m31s	17 December 689	April 618, March 629	[5]
8th	233	77	88	66	2	10m35s	18 December 716		[6]
9th	222	78	74	64	6	08m35s	21 December 884	August 463	[10]
10th	227	76	84	66	1	10m14s	1 November 989		[11]
11th	241	84	90	61	6	11m29s	14 December 1061	May 1063	[7]
12th	250	92	82	61	15	10m27s	16 January 1116	March 1150	[12]
13th	246	87	81	60	18	11m44s	29 December 1274	March 1215	[13]
14th	229	76	75	54	24	11m18s	20 January 1311	August 463	[14]
15th	222	77	65	61	19	09m31s	1 December 1415		[15]

1. All eclipses listed are annular. See § Longest total eclipses above for longest total eclipses
2. Months listed in this column had two eclipses occur during that time period

References

1. Holmberg, Per; Gräslund, Bo; Sundqvist, Olof; Williams, Henrik (2020). "The Rök Runestone and the End of the World" (PDF). Futhark: International Journal of Runic Studies. 9–10: 7–38. doi:10.33063/diva-401040.
2. Sviatoslav Hordynsky; Marko Robert Stech (2004). "Slovo o polku Ihorevi". Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
3. "1185: The first description of solar prominences" (PDF). History of Solar Physics: A Time Line of Great Moments. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
4. • Stephenson, Paul (2000). Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204. Cambridge University Press. p. 290. ISBN 9780521027564.
5. "Catalog of Solar Eclipses: 0601 to 0700". NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
6. "Catalog of Solar Eclipses: 0701 to 0800". NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
7. "Catalog of Solar Eclipses: 1001 to 1100". NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
8. "Catalog of Solar Eclipses: 0401 to 0500". NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
9. "Catalog of Solar Eclipses: 0501 to 0600". NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
10. "Catalog of Solar Eclipses: 0801 to 0900". NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
11. "Catalog of Solar Eclipses: 0901 to 1000". NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
12. "Catalog of Solar Eclipses: 1101 to 1200". NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
13. "Catalog of Solar Eclipses: 1201 to 1300". NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
14. "Catalog of Solar Eclipses: 1301 to 1400". NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
15. "Catalog of Solar Eclipses: 1401 to 1500". NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019.