List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs

There are currently 63 stars contained in the 53 stellar systems within 5.0 parsecs (16.3 light-years) of the Solar System. 50 of those stars are red dwarfs; the remaining 13 stars are more massive with the largest of them being Sirius, "the brightest star in the night sky". Scientists have also identified 11 brown dwarfs (objects not quite massive enough to fuse hydrogen), and four white dwarfs (extremely dense collapsed cores that remain after stars such as our Sun have exhausted all fusable hydrogen in their core and have shed slowly their outer layers). Despite the relative proximity of these 78 objects to Earth only nine are bright enough in visible light to reach or exceed the dimmest brightness to be visible to the naked eye from Earth, 6.5 apparent magnitude.[1] All of these objects are currently moving in the Local Bubble, a region within the Orion–Cygnus Arm of the Milky Way.

Animated 3D map of the nearest stars, centered on the Sun. 3D red green glasses are recommended to view this image correctly.

Distance and angle conformal map of the celestial neighbourhood of Sol.

Based on results from the Gaia telescope's second data release from April 2018, an estimated 694 stars will possibly approach the Solar System to less than 5 parsecs in the next 15 million years. Of these, 26 have a good probability to come within 1.0 parsec (3.3 light-years) and another 7 within 0.5 parsecs (1.6 light-years).[2] This number is likely much higher, due to the sheer number of stars needed to be surveyed; a star approaching the Solar System 10 million years ago, moving at a typical Sun-relative 20–200 kilometers per second, would be 600–6,000 light-years from the Sun at present day, with millions of stars closer to the Sun. The closest encounter to the Sun so far predicted is the low-mass orange dwarf star Gliese 710 / HIP 89825 with roughly 60% the mass of the Sun.[3] It is currently predicted to pass 19,300 ± 3,200 astronomical units (0.305 ± 0.051 light-years) from the Sun in 1.280+0.041
−0.039 million years from the present, close enough to significantly disturb the Solar System's Oort cloud.[2][3]

The easiest way to determine stellar distance to the Sun for objects at these distances is parallax, which measures how much stars appear to move against background objects over the course of Earth's orbit around the Sun. As a parsec (parallax-second) is defined by the distance of an object that would appear to move exactly one second of arc against background objects, stars less than 5 parsecs away will have measured parallaxes of over 0.2 arcseconds, or 200 milliarcseconds. Determining past and future positions relies on accurate astrometric measurements of their parallax and total proper motions (how far they move across the sky due to their actual velocity relative to the Sun), along with spectroscopically determined radial velocities (their speed directly towards or away from us, which combined with proper motion defines their true movement through the sky relative to the Sun). Both of these measurements are subject to increasing and significant errors over very long time spans, especially over the several thousand-year time spans it takes for stars to noticeably move relative to each other.[4]

List

Key

#	Visible to the unaided eye
§	Brown dwarf or Sub-brown dwarf
	White dwarf

The classes of the stars and brown dwarfs are shown in the color of their spectral types (these colors are derived from conventional names for the spectral types and do not represent the star's observed color). Many brown dwarfs are not listed by visual magnitude but are listed by near-infrared J band apparent magnitude due to how dim (and often invisible) they are in visible color bands (U, B or V). Absolute magnitude (with electromagnetic wave, 'light' band denoted in subscript) is a measurement at a 10-parsec distance across imaginary empty space devoid of all its sparse dust and gas. Some of the parallaxes and resultant distances are rough measurements.[5]

Known star systems within 5.0 parsecs (16.3 light-years)

Designation		Distance[6] (light-years (±err))	Stellar class	Mass	Magnitude (mV[5] or mJ)		Epoch J2000.0		Parallax (mas (±err)) [5][note 1]	Discovery date [note 2]	Notes and additional references
System	Star			M☉	Apparent	Absolute	Right ascension[5]	Declination[5]
Solar System	Sun (Sol)	0.0000158	G2V[5]	1	−26.74#	4.85	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	eight planets
Alpha Centauri	Proxima Centauri (V645 Centauri)	4.2441±0.0011	M5.5Ve	0.1221	11.09	15.53	14^h 29^m 43.0^s	−62° 40′ 46″	768.50±0.20[7]	1915	flare star, two confirmed planets (b, 2016, and c, 2019)[8] and unconfirmed evidence for a third, sub-Earth sized, planet (d, 2020).[9]
	α Centauri A (Rigil Kentaurus)	4.3650±0.0068	G2V[5]	1.100	0.01#	4.38	14^h 39^m 36.5^s	−60° 50′ 02″	747.23±1.17 [10][11][12]	150[13]
	α Centauri B (Toliman)		K1V[5]	0.907	1.34#	5.71	14^h 39^m 35.1^s	−60° 50′ 14″		1689	one suspected planet (c) (2013) (planet b refuted in 2015)
Barnard's Star (BD+04°3561a)		5.9577±0.0032	M4.0Ve	0.144	9.53	13.22	17^h 57^m 48.5^s	+04° 41′ 36″	547.45±0.29[7]	1916	flare star, largest-known proper motion,[14] one known planet (b)[15]
Luhman 16 (WISE 1049−5319)§	Luhman 16A§	6.5029±0.0011	L8±1[16]		10.7 J	14.2 J	10^h 49^m 15.57^s	−53° 19′ 06″	501.557±0.082[17]	2013	one refuted planet (Ab[18] in 2017[19])
	Luhman 16B§		T1±2[16]
WISE 0855−0714§		7.26±0.13[20]	Y2		25.0 J		08^h 55^m 10.83^s	−07° 14′ 42.5″	449±8[21]	2014	sub-brown dwarf
Wolf 359 (CN Leonis)		7.856±0.031	M6.0V[5]	0.0900	13.44	16.55	10^h 56^m 29.2^s	+07° 00′ 53″	415.16±1.62[22]	1919	flare star, has 2 known planets[15]
Lalande 21185 (BD+36°2147)		8.307±0.014	M2.0V[5]		7.47	10.44	11^h 03^m 20.2^s	+35° 58′ 12″	392.64±0.67[23]	1801	one known planet (2019)[15]
Sirius (α Canis Majoris)	Sirius A	8.659±0.010	A1V[5]	2.02	−1.46#	1.42	06^h 45^m 08.9^s	−16° 42′ 58″	376.68±0.45[7]	1870 BC	brightest star in the night sky
	Sirius B		DA2[5]		8.44	11.34				1844
Luyten 726-8	Luyten 726-8 A (BL Ceti)	8.791±0.012	M5.5Ve	0.102	12.54	15.40	01^h 39^m 01.3^s	−17° 57′ 01″	371.0±0.5[7]	1949	flare star (Archetypal member)
	Luyten 726-8 B (UV Ceti)		M6.0Ve	0.100	12.99	15.85
Ross 154 (V1216 Sagittarii)		9.7035±0.0019	M3.5Ve		10.43	13.07	18^h 49^m 49.4^s	−23° 50′ 10″	336.123±0.064[7]	1925	flare star
Ross 248 (HH Andromedae)		10.2903±0.0041	M5.5Ve		12.29	14.79	23^h 41^m 54.7^s	+44° 10′ 30″	316.96±0.13[7]	1925	flare star
Epsilon Eridani (Ran)		10.446±0.016	K2V[5]	0.820	3.73#	6.19	03^h 32^m 55.8^s	−09° 27′ 30″	312.22±0.47[7]	150[13]	three circumstellar disks, two suspected planets (AEgir (debated) and c) (2000 & 2002)[24]
Lacaille 9352 (GJ 887)		10.7211±0.0016	M0.5V		7.34	9.75	23^h 05^m 52.0^s	−35° 51′ 11″	304.219±0.045[7]	1753	two planets, b and c, with equivocal evidence for a third in the habitable zone (2020)[25]
Ross 128 (FI Virginis)		11.0074±0.0026	M4.0Vn		11.13	13.51	11^h 47^m 44.4^s	+00° 48′ 16″	296.307±0.070[7]	1925	flare star, one planet (b) (2017)[26]
EZ Aquarii (Gliese 866, Luyten 789-6)	EZ Aquarii A	11.109±0.034	M5.0Ve	0.11	13.33	15.64	22^h 38^m 33.4^s	−15° 17′ 57″	293.60±0.9[27]	1937	A & B flare stars
	EZ Aquarii B		M?	0.11	13.27	15.58				1937
	EZ Aquarii C		M?	0.10	14.03	16.34				1995
61 Cygni	61 Cygni A (BD+38°4343)	11.4008±0.0012	K5.0V[5]	0.70	5.21#	7.49	21^h 06^m 53.9^s	+38° 44′ 58″	286.08±0.03[7]	1712	B flare star and brightest red dwarf in night sky, first star (besides Sun) to have measured distance[28] possible circumstellar disk.
	61 Cygni B (BD+38°4344)		K7.0V[5]	0.63	6.03#	8.31	21^h 06^m 55.3^s	+38° 44′ 31″		1753
Procyon (α Canis Minoris)	Procyon A	11.402±0.032	F5IV–V[5]	1.49	0.38#	2.66	07^h 39^m 18.1^s	+05° 13′ 30″	286.05±0.81 [10][11]	150[13]
	Procyon B		DQZ[5]		10.70	12.98				1844
Struve 2398 (Gliese 725, BD+59°1915)	Struve 2398 A (HD 173739)	11.4880±0.0012	M3.0V[5]		8.90	11.16	18^h 42^m 46.7^s	+59° 37′ 49″	283.91±0.03[7]	1835	flare stars, star B has 2 known planets[15]
	Struve 2398 B (HD 173740)		M3.5V[5]		9.69	11.95	18^h 42^m 46.9^s	+59° 37′ 37″		1835
Groombridge 34 (Gliese 15)	Groombridge 34 A (GX Andromedae)	11.6182±0.0008	M1.5V[5]		8.08	10.32	00^h 18^m 22.9^s	+44° 01′ 23″	280.73±0.02[7]	1813	flare star, two suspected planets (Ac, 2017) and Ab, 2014)[29]
	Groombridge 34 B (GQ Andromedae)		M3.5V[5]		11.06	13.30				1813	flare star
DX Cancri (G 51-15)		11.6780±0.0056	M6.5Ve		14.78	16.98	08^h 29^m 49.5^s	+26° 46′ 37″	279.29±0.13[7]	1972	flare star
Tau Ceti (BD−16°295)		11.753±0.022	G8.5Vp[5]	0.783	3.49#	5.68	01^h 44^m 04.1^s	−15° 56′ 15″	277.52±0.52[7]	1603	one debris disk four confirmed planets (e, f, g, and h) (2012, 2017), four candidate planets (b, c, d, and "i") (2012, 2019), and 1 predicted planet (2020).
Epsilon Indi (CPD−57°10015)	Epsilon Indi A	11.869±0.011	K5Ve[5]		4.69#	6.89	22^h 03^m 21.7^s	−56° 47′ 10″	274.80±0.25[7]	1603	one planet (Ab) (2018)[30]
	Epsilon Indi Ba§		T1.0V		12.3 J[31]		22^h 04^m 10.5^s	−56° 46′ 58″		2003
	Epsilon Indi Bb§		T6.0V		13.2 J[31]					2003
GJ 1061 (LHS 1565)		11.9803±0.0029	M5.5V[5]		13.09	15.26	03^h 35^m 59.7^s	−44° 30′ 45″	272.245±0.066[7]	1995	has 3 known planets (2019)[32][33][34]
YZ Ceti (LHS 138)		12.1084±0.0035	M4.5V[5]		12.02	14.17	01^h 12^m 30.6^s	−16° 59′ 56″	269.363±0.078[7]	1961	flare star, three planets (b, c, and d) (2017),[35] one suspected planet (e)
Luyten's Star (BD+05°1668)		12.199±0.036	M3.5Vn		9.86	11.97	07^h 27^m 24.5^s	+05° 13′ 33″	267.36±0.79[36]	1935	two planets (b, c) (2017)[37] and two suspected planets (d, e) (2019)[38]
Teegarden's Star (SO025300.5+165258)		12.496±0.013	M6.5V		15.14	17.22	02^h 53^m 00.9^s	+16° 52′ 53″	261.01±0.27[7]	2003	tentative radial velocity variation (2010)[34][39] has 2 known planets (2019)[40][41]
Kapteyn's Star (CD−45°1841)		12.8294±0.0013	M1.5VI[5]		8.84	10.87	05^h 11^m 40.6^s	−45° 01′ 06″	254.226±0.026[7]	1898	two known planets (b and c) (2014)[42]
Lacaille 8760 (AX Microscopii)		12.9515±0.0029	M0.0V[5]		6.67	8.69	21^h 17^m 15.3^s	−38° 52′ 03″	251.829±0.056[7]	1753	brightest M dwarf star in night sky, flare star
SCR 1845-6357	SCR 1845-6357 A	13.050±0.008	M8.5V[5]		17.39	19.41	18^h 45^m 05.3^s	−63° 57′ 48″	249.91±0.16[7]	2004	[34]
	SCR 1845-6357 B§		T6[43]		13.3 J[31]		18^h 45^m 02.6^s	−63° 57′ 52″		2006
Kruger 60 (BD+56°2783)	Kruger 60 A	13.0724±0.0052	M3.0V[5]		9.79	11.76	22^h 27^m 59.5^s	+57° 41′ 45″	249.5±0.1[7]	1880	B flare star
	Kruger 60 B (DO Cephei)		M4.0V[5]		11.41	13.38				1890?
DEN 1048-3956§		13.1932±0.0066	M8.5V[5]		17.39	19.37	10^h 48^m 14.7^s	−39° 56′ 06″	247.22±0.12[7]	2001	[44][45]
Ross 614 (V577 Monocerotis, Gliese 234)	Ross 614A (LHS 1849)	13.424±0.049	M4.5V[5]		11.15	13.09	06^h 29^m 23.4^s	−02° 48′ 50″	242.97±0.88[7]	1927	A flare star
	Ross 614B (LHS 1850)		M5.5V		14.23	16.17				1936
UGPS J0722-0540§		13.43±0.13	T9[5]		16.52 J[46]		07^h 22^m 27.3^s	–05° 40′ 30″	242.8±2.4[47]	2010	[48]
Wolf 1061 (Gliese 628, BD−12°4523)		14.0458±0.0038	M3.0V[5]		10.07	11.93	16^h 30^m 18.1^s	−12° 39′ 45″	232.210±0.063[7]	1919	three planets (b, c, and d) (2015)[49]
Wolf 424 (FL Virginis, LHS 333, Gliese 473)	Wolf 424 A	14.05±0.26	M5.5Ve		13.18	14.97	12^h 33^m 17.2^s	+09° 01′ 15″	232.2±4.3[50]	1919	flare stars
	Wolf 424 B		M7Ve		13.17	14.96				1941
Van Maanen's star (Gliese 35, LHS 7)		14.0744±0.0023	DZ7[5]		12.38	14.21	00^h 49^m 09.9^s	+05° 23′ 19″	231.737±0.038[7]	1896	closest-known free-floating white dwarf, third-known white dwarf possible debris disk (1917), possible planet (b) (2004) (debated)
Gliese 1 (CD−37°15492)		14.1725±0.0037	M1.5 V[5]		8.55	10.35	00^h 05^m 24.4^s	−37° 21′ 27″	230.133±0.060[7]	1884
WISE 1639-6847§		14.30±0.56[note 3]	Y0.5		20.57 J	22.10 J	16^h 39^m 40.9^s	−68° 47′ 46″	228.1±8.9[51]	2012
L 1159-16 (TZ Arietis, Gliese 83.1)		14.5843±0.0070	M4.5V[5]		12.27	14.03	02^h 00^m 13.2^s	+13° 03′ 08″	223.63±0.11[7]	1955?	flare star, has 3 known planets[15]
Gliese 674 (LHS 449)		14.8387±0.0033	M3.0V[5]		9.38	11.09	17^h 28^m 39.9^s	−46° 53′ 43″	219.801±0.049[7]	1930	one planet (b) (2007)[52]
Gliese 687 (LHS 450, BD+68°946)		14.8401±0.0022	M3.0V[5]		9.17	10.89	17^h 36^m 25.9^s	+68° 20′ 21″	219.781±0.032[7]	1862	possible flare star, two planets (b) (2014)[53] and (c) (2020)[54]
LHS 292 (LP 731-58)		14.885±0.011	M6.5V[5]		15.60	17.32	10^h 48^m 12.6^s	−11° 20′ 14″	219.12±0.16[7]	1960s?	flare star
LP 145-141 (WD 1142-645, Gliese 440)		15.1182±0.0023	DQ6[5]		11.50	13.18	11^h 45^m 42.9^s	−64° 50′ 29″	215.737±0.032[7]	1917
G 208-44 G 208-45 (GJ 1245)	G 208-44 A (V1581 Cyg)	15.2090±0.0050	M5.5V[5]		13.46	15.17	19^h 53^m 54.2^s	+44° 24′ 55″	214.45±0.07[7]	1967	flare stars
	G 208-45		M6.0V[5]		14.01	15.72	19^h 53^m 55.2^s	+44° 24′ 56″		1967
	G 208-44 B		M5.5		16.75	18.46	19^h 53^m 54.2^s	+44° 24′ 55″		1984
Gliese 876 (Ross 780)		15.2504±0.0054	M3.5V[5]		10.17	11.81	22^h 53^m 16.7^s	−14° 15′ 49″	213.867±0.076[7]	1928	four planets (d (2005), c (2001), b (1998), and e (2010))[55] two possible planets (f and g) (2014) (debated)
LHS 288 (Luyten 143-23)		15.7703±0.0056	M5.5V[5]		13.90	15.51	10^h 44^m 21.2^s	−61° 12′ 36″	206.817±0.074[7]	1955?	one tentative planet (b) (2007)[34]
GJ 1002		15.8164±0.0098	M5.5V[5]		13.76	15.40	00^h 06^m 43.8^s	−07° 32′ 22″	206.21±0.13[7]	1964
Groombridge 1618 (Gliese 380)		15.8797±0.0026	K7.0V[5]		6.59	8.16	10^h 11^m 22.1^s	+49° 27′ 15″	205.392±0.034[7]	1838	brightest single red dwarf in night sky, flare star, one suspected debris disk, one suspected planet (b) (1989) (tentative)
DEN 0255-4700§		15.885±0.020	L7.5V[5]		22.92	24.44	02^h 55^m 03.7^s	−47° 00′ 52″	205.33±0.25[7]	1999	[45]
Gliese 412	Gliese 412 A	15.983±0.013	M1.0V[5]		8.77	10.34	11^h 05^m 28.6^s	+43° 31′ 36″	204.06±0.17[7]	1850s?
	Gliese 412 B (WX Ursae Majoris)		M5.5V[5]		14.48	16.05	11^h 05^m 30.4^s	+43° 31′ 18″		1850s?	flare star
Gliese 832		16.1939±0.0034	M1.5 V[5]		8.66	10.20	21^h 33^m 34.0^s	−49° 00′ 32″	201.407±0.043[7]	1910s?	possible flare star, two planets (b (2008) and c (2014))[56][57]
AD Leonis		16.1970±0.0055	M3.0V[5]		9.32	10.87	10^h 19^m 36.4^s	+19° 52′ 10″	201.368±0.068[7]	1850s?	flare star, 1 refuted planet (b[15] in 2020)[58]
GJ 1005	GJ 1005 A	16.26±0.76[note 3]	M4V[59]		11.48[59]		00^h 15^m 28.11^s	−16° 08′ 01.6″	200.5±9.4[59]	1941
	GJ 1005 B		M7V		?	?				1984
WISE J0521+1025§		16.3±4.2	T7.5[60]		15.26 J	16.95 J	05^h 21^m 26.3^s	+10° 25′ 28″	217.5±40	2012	distance highly uncertain
System	Star	Distance[6] (Light-years (±err))	Stellar class		Apparent	Absolute	Right ascension[5]	Declination[5]	Parallax (mas (±err)) [5][note 1]	Discovery date [note 2]	Notes and Additional references
Designation					Magnitude (mV[5] or mJ)		Epoch J2000.0

Distant future and past encounters

Over long periods of time, the slow independent motion of stars change in both relative position and in their distance from the observer. This can cause other currently distant stars to fall within a stated range, which may be readily calculated and predicted using accurate astrometric measurements of parallax and total proper motions, along with spectroscopically determined radial velocities. Although predictions can be extrapolated back into the past or forward into the future, they are subject to increasing significant cumulative errors over very long periods.[4] Inaccuracies of these measured parameters make determining the true minimum distances of any encountering stars or brown dwarfs fairly difficult.[61]

One of the first stars known to approach the Sun particularly close is Gliese 710. The star, whose mass is roughly half that of the Sun, is currently 62 light-years from the Solar System. It was first noticed in 1999 using data from the Hipparcos satellite, and was estimated to pass less than 1.3 light-years (0.40 pc) from the Sun in 1.4 million years.[62] With the release of Gaia's observations of the star, it has since been refined to a much closer 0.178 light-years (0.055 pc), close enough to significantly disturb objects in the Oort cloud, which extends out to 1.2 light-years (0.37 pc) from the Sun.[63]

The second-closest object known to approach the Sun was only discovered in 2018 after Gaia's second data release, known as 2MASS J0610-4246. Its approach has not been fully described due to it being a distant binary star with a red dwarf, but almost certainly passed less than 1 light-year from the Solar System roughly 1.16 million years ago.

Distances of the nearest stars from 20,000 years ago until 80,000 years in the future

Known stars that have passed or will pass within 5 light-years of the Sun within ±3 million years[64][65]

Star name	HIP number	Minimum distance (light-years)	Date of approach in thousands of years	Current distance (light-years)	Stellar classification	Mass in M☉	Current apparent magnitude	Current Constellation	Current Right ascension	Current Declination
Gliese 710	89825	0.178+0.043 −0.036	1280+41 −39	62.103±0.057	K7V	0.4–0.6	9.6	Serpens	18^h 19^m 50.843^s	−01° 56′ 18.98″
Scholz's star and companion brown dwarf	N/A	0.82+0.37 −0.22	−78.5±0.7	22.2±0.2	M9+T5	A: 0.095 B: 0.063	18.3	Monoceros	07^h 20^m 03.20^s	−08° 46′ 51.2″
HD 283856	N/A	1.13+0.75 −0.55	374+40 −34	290±17	K0V (binary?)	~0.8	10.46	Taurus	04^h 48^m 28.124^s	+27° 00′ 39.06″
TYC 1662-1962-1	N/A	1.84+0.22 −0.21	−1513+18 −19	284.5±1.0	Early K	~0.8	10.95	Vulpecula	21^h 14^m 32.911^s	+21° 53′ 32.76″
HD 7977	N/A	1.88+0.18 −0.16	−2798+44 −46	247.03±0.70	G0V	~1.2	9.04	Cassiopeia	01^h 20^m 31.597^s	+61° 52′ 57.08″
2MASS J2146+3813	N/A	1.89+0.18 −0.15	84.4+8.0 −6.8	22.9603±0.0083	M5V	~0.15	10.82	Cygnus	21^h 46^m 22.285^s	+38° 13′ 03.12″
2MASS J0634-7449	N/A	2.169+0.083 −0.080	−898+12 −13	213.28±0.29	mid K	~0.6	12.69	Mensa	06^h 34^m 29.385^s	−74° 49′ 47.12″
TYC 2730-1701-1	N/A	2.31+0.31 −0.29	−714+21 −22	829.1±9.1	G?	~1	9.44	Pegasus	21^h 50^m 41.029^s	+36^h 20^m 46.73^s
2MASS J0409+0245	N/A	2.684+0.088 −0.091	912±13	101.40±0.18	Early M	~0.4	11.73	Taurus	04^h 09^m 02.050^s	+02° 45′ 38.32″
Gliese 3649	N/A	2.975+0.093 −0.089	−509±12	54.415±0.048	M1	0.49	10.85	Leo	11^h 12^m 38.97^s	+18° 56′ 05.4″
Gaia DR2 3458393840965496960 (2MASS J0605+4020)	N/A	3.25+3.61 −1.96	−866+266 −555	248±20	K	~0.5	12.07	Auriga	06^h 05^m 05.077^s	+40° 20′ 37.72″
2MASS J1818-4038	N/A	3.0+1.3 −1.1	1049+54 −50	191.4±5.6	K/M	~0.5	11.97	Corona Australis	18^h 18^m 17.213^s	−40° 38′ 39.48″
BD-21 1529	N/A	3.01+0.29 −0.28	−1685+14 −15	374.1±1.8	G5V	~0.95	9.67	Canis Major	06^h 37^m 48.004^s	−21° 22′ 21.94″
Ross 248	N/A	3.11+0.15 −0.14	39.2+1.9 −1.8	10.2903±0.0041	M6V	0.136	12.29	Andromeda	23^h 41^m 54.99^s	+44° 10′ 40.8″
Proxima Centauri	70890	3.1034±0.0033	28.677±0.054	4.2441±0.0011	M5Ve	0.15	11.05	Centaurus	14^h 29^m 42.949^s	−62° 40′ 46.14″
Alpha Centauri AB	A: 71683 B: 71685	3.242±0.060	29.63+1.00 −0.98	4.321±0.024	A: G2V B: K1V	A: 1.100 B: 0.907[66]	A: -0.01 B: +1.33	Centaurus	14^h 39^m 36.495^s	−60° 50′ 02.31″
Gliese 445	57544	3.3365±0.0050	46.301±0.052	17.1424±0.0043	M4	0.15?	10.8	Camelopardalis	11^h 47^m 41.377^s	+78° 41′ 28.18″
HIP 117795	117795	3.433±0.013	93.46±0.21	87.336±0.075	K8V	~0.5	10.6	Cassiopeia	23^h 53^m 20.014^s	+59° 56′ 42.95″
2MASS J0625-2408	N/A	3.59+0.25 −0.27	−1849+30 −31	537.1±2.7	K/M	~0.5	12.91	Canis Major	06^h 25^m 42.744^s	−24° 08′ 35.02″
Barnard's Star	87937	3.7604±0.0074	11.731±0.027	5.9577±0.0032	sdM4	0.144	9.54	Ophiuchus	17^h 57^m 48.498^s	+04° 41′ 36.25″
2MASS J2241-2759	N/A	3.79+0.67 −0.62	−2809+53 −55	414.7±2.6	K7V	~0.5	12.28	Piscis Austrinus	22^h 41^m 50.996^s	−27° 59′ 47.04″
Gliese 3379	N/A	4.194±0.016	−156.13±0.52	16.9813±0.0063	M3.5V	0.19	11.31	Orion	06^h 00^m 03.824^s	+02° 42′ 22.97″
Zeta Leporis	27288	4.70+0.59 −0.51	−860+45 −49	71.34±0.65	A2Vann	2.0	3.55	Lepus	05^h 46^m 57.341^s	−14° 49′ 19.02″
Lalande 21185	54035	4.692±0.018	22.039+0.082 −0.081	8.307±0.014	M2V	0.39	7.52	Ursa Major	11^h 03^m 20.194^s	+35° 58′ 11.55″
2MASS J1941-4602	N/A	4.854+0.087 −0.085	−463.7+6.5 −6.7	66.996±0.066	M4-M6	~0.15	12.4	Telescopium	19^h 41^m 53.18^s	−46° 02′ 31.4″

See also

• Lists of astronomical objects
• Interstellar travel
• List of brightest stars
• List of star systems within 16–20 light-years
• List of star systems within 20–25 light-years
• List of star systems within 25–30 light-years
• List of nearest bright stars
• List of nearest exoplanets
• List of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates
• List of nearest galaxies
• Lists of stars
• Nearby Stars Database
• Stars and planetary systems in fiction
• The Magnificent Seven
• List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion
• List of trans-Neptunian objects

Notes

1. Parallaxes given by RECONS are a weighted mean of values in the sources given, as well as measurements by the RECONS program.
2. Before 1900: earliest certain recorded observation. 1900–1930: first catalogued. After 1930: earliest trigonometric or spectroscopic parallax.
3. Might not be within 5 parsecs of the Sun.

References

1. Weaver, Harold F. (1947). "The Visibility of Stars Without Optical Aid". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 59 (350): 232–243. Bibcode:1947PASP...59..232W. doi:10.1086/125956.
2. Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Andrae, R.; Fouesnea, M. (2018). "New stellar encounters discovered in the second Gaia data release". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616 (37): A37. arXiv:1805.07581. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A..37B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833456. S2CID 56269929.
3. Hall, Shannon (28 May 2018). "Known Close Stellar Encounters Surge in Number". Sky and Telescope. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
4. Matthews, R. A. (1994). "The Close Approach of Stars in the Solar Neighborhood". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 35: 1. Bibcode:1994QJRAS..35....1M.
5. "The One Hundred Nearest Star Systems". Research Consortium on Nearby Stars (RECONS). September 17, 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-06.
6. From parallax.
7. Gaia Collaboration. "Gaia DR2". gea.esac.esa.int. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
8. Drake, Nadia (12 April 2019). "A new super-Earth may orbit the star next door". National Geographic. Retrieved 21 April 2019. Video of discovery being discussed (accidentally announced?)
9. Suárez Mascareño, A.; Faria, J. P.; et al. (2020). "Revisiting Proxima with ESPRESSO". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 639: A77. arXiv:2005.12114. Bibcode:2020A&A...639A..77S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037745. ISSN 0004-6361.
10. General Catalogue of Trigonometric Parallaxes.
11. Hipparcos Catalogue.
12. Söderhjelm, Staffan (1999). "Visual binary orbits and masses POST HIPPARCOS". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 341: 121. Bibcode:1999A&A...341..121S.
13. Ptolemaeus, Claudius (1984). Ptolemy's Almagest (PDF). Translated by Toomer, G. J. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. p. 368, note 136. ISBN 978-0-7156-1588-1.
14. Barnard, E. E. (1916). "A small star with large proper motion". Astronomical Journal. 29 (695): 181. Bibcode:1916AJ.....29..181B. doi:10.1086/104156.
15. Tuomi, M.; el, al. (2019-06-11). "Frequency of planets orbiting M dwarfs in the Solar neighbourhood". arXiv:1906.04644 [astro-ph.EP].
16. Luhman, K. L. (2013). "Discovery of a Binary Brown Dwarf at 2 Parsecs from the Sun". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 767 (1): L1. arXiv:1303.2401. Bibcode:2013ApJ...767L...1L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/767/1/L1. S2CID 8419422.
17. Lazorenko, P. F.; Sahlmann, J. (23 August 2018). "Updated astrometry and masses of the LUH 16 brown dwarf binary". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 618: A111. arXiv:1808.07835. Bibcode:2018A&A...618A.111L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833626. S2CID 119540451.
18. Boffin, H. M. J.; et al. (2013). "Possible astrometric discovery of a substellar companion to the closest binary brown dwarf system WISE J104915.57-531906.1". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 561: L4. arXiv:1312.1303. Bibcode:2014A&A...561L...4B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322975. S2CID 33043358.
19. Bedin L. R.; et al. (27 June 2017). "Hubble Space Telescope astrometry of the closest brown dwarf binary system - I. Overview and improved orbit". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 470 (1): 1140–1155. arXiv:1706.00657. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.470.1140B. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1177. hdl:10150/625503. S2CID 119385778. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
20. Luhman, K. L. (April 21, 2014). "Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 786 (2): L18. arXiv:1404.6501. Bibcode:2014ApJ...786L..18L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/786/2/L18. S2CID 119102654.
21. Luhman, K. L.; Esplin, T. L. (6 September 2016). "The Spectral Energy Distribution of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 78. arXiv:1605.06655. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...78L. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/78. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 118577918.
22. Davison, Cassy L.; et al. (19 February 2015). "A 3D Search for Companions to 12 Nearby M-Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 149 (3): 106. arXiv:1501.05012. Bibcode:2015AJ....149..106D. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/149/3/106. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 9719725.
23. van Leeuwen, F. (13 August 2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 18759600.
24. Janson, M.; et al. (September 2008), "A comprehensive examination of the ε Eridani system. Verification of a 4 micron narrow-band high-contrast imaging approach for planet searches", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 488 (2): 771–780, arXiv:0807.0301, Bibcode:2008A&A...488..771J, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809984, S2CID 119113471
25. Jeffers, S. V.; Dreizler, S.; et al. (26 June 2020). "A multiplanet system of super-Earths orbiting the brightest red dwarf star GJ 887". Science. 368 (6498): 1477–1481. arXiv:2006.16372. Bibcode:2020Sci...368.1477J. doi:10.1126/science.aaz0795. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32587019. S2CID 220075207.
26. ESO. "A temperate exo-Earth around a quiet M dwarf at 3.4 parsecs" (PDF). Retrieved 15 November 2017.
27. Torres, G.; Andersen, J.; Giménez, A. (2010). "Accurate masses and radii of normal stars: modern results and applications". The Astronomy & Astrophysics Review. 18 (1–2): 67–126. arXiv:0908.2624. Bibcode:2010A&ARv..18...67T. doi:10.1007/s00159-009-0025-1. S2CID 14006009.
28. Bessel, F. W. (1839). "Bestimmung der Entfernung des 61sten Sterns des Schwans. Von Herrn Geheimen - Rath und Ritter Bessel". Astronomische Nachrichten (in German). 16 (5–6): 65–96. Bibcode:1838AN.....16...65B. doi:10.1002/asna.18390160502. (page 92) Ich bin daher der Meinung, daß nur die jährliche Parallaxe = 0"3136 als das Resultat der bisherigen Beobachtungen zu betrachten ist A parallax of 313.6 mas yields a distance of 10.4 light years
29. Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; et al. (2014). "The NASA-UC-UH Eta-Earth Program: IV. A Low-mass Planet Orbiting an M Dwarf 3.6 PC from Earth". The Astrophysical Journal. 794 (1): 51. arXiv:1408.5645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...794...51H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/794/1/51. S2CID 17361592.
30. Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Andrae, R.; Fouesneau, M. (2018). "Detection of the closest Jovian exoplanet in the Epsilon Indi triple system". arXiv:1803.08163 [astro-ph.EP].
31. Chris Gelino, Davy Kirkpatrick, Adam Burgasser. "DwarfArchives.org: Photometry, spectroscopy, and astrometry of M, L, and T dwarfs". caltech.edu. Retrieved 2012-06-10.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (main page)
32. Anglada-Escudé, G.; Reiners, A.; Pallé, E.; Ribas, I.; Berdiñas, Z. M.; López, C. Rodríguez; Morales, N.; López-González, M. J.; Hambsch, F.-J. (2019-08-13). "Red Dots: A temperate 1.5 Earth-mass planet in a compact multi-terrestrial planet system around GJ1061". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 493: 536–550. arXiv:1908.04717. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa248. S2CID 199551874.
33. Henry, Todd J.; Ianna, Philip A.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Jahreiss, Hartmut (July 1997). "The solar neighborhood IV: discovery of the twentieth nearest star". The Astronomical Journal. 114 (1): 388–395. Bibcode:1997AJ....114..388H. doi:10.1086/118482.
34. Henry, Todd J.; Jao, Wei-Chun; Subasavage, John P.; Beaulieu, Thomas D.; Ianna, Philip A.; Costa, Edgardo; Méndez, René A. (December 2006). "The Solar Neighborhood. XVII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 m Program: 20 New Members of the RECONS 10 Parsec Sample". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (6): 2360–2371. arXiv:astro-ph/0608230. Bibcode:2006AJ....132.2360H. doi:10.1086/508233. S2CID 15002841.
35. Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; et al. (2017). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XLII. A system of Earth-mass planets around the nearby M dwarf YZ Ceti". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 605: L11. arXiv:1708.03336. Bibcode:2017A&A...605L..11A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731581. S2CID 119393757.
36. Gatewood, George (1 July 2008). "Astrometric Studies of Aldebaran, Arcturus, Vega, the Hyades, and Other Regions". The Astronomical Journal. 136 (1): 452–460. Bibcode:2008AJ....136..452G. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/452.
37. Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; et al. (2017). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XLI. A dozen planets around the M dwarfs GJ 3138, GJ 3323, GJ 273, GJ 628, and GJ 3293". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 602: A88. arXiv:1703.05386. Bibcode:2017A&A...602A..88A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201630153. S2CID 119418595.
38. Pozuelos, Francisco J.; et al. (2020). "GJ 273: on the formation, dynamical evolution, and habitability of a planetary system hosted by an M dwarf at 3.75 parsec". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 641: A23. arXiv:2006.09403. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038047.
39. Barnes, J. R.; et al. (2012). "ROPS: A New Search for Habitable Earths in the Southern Sky". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 424 (1): 591–604. arXiv:1204.6283. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.424..591B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21236.x.
40. "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two temperate Earth-mass planet candidates around Teegarden's Star" (PDF).
41. Caballero, J. A.; Reiners, A.; Ribas, I.; Dreizler, S.; Zechmeister, M. (2019-06-18). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two temperate Earth-mass planet candidates around Teegarden's Star". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 627: A49. arXiv:1906.07196. Bibcode:2019A&A...627A..49Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935460. ISSN 0004-6361.
42. Anglada-Escude, G.; et al. (2014). "Two planets around Kapteyn's star : a cold and a temperate super-Earth orbiting the nearest halo red-dwarf". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 443: L89–L93. arXiv:1406.0818. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.443L..89A. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slu076. hdl:2299/19219. S2CID 67807856.
43. Kasper, M.; Biller, B. A.; Burrows, A.; Brandner, W.; Budaj, J.; Close, L. M. (2007). "The very nearby M/T dwarf binary SCR 1845-6357". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 471 (2): 655. arXiv:0706.3824. Bibcode:2007A&A...471..655K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077881. S2CID 1860702.
44. Jao, Wei-Chun; Henry, Todd J.; Subasavage, John P.; Brown, Misty A.; Ianna, Philip A.; Bartlett, Jennifer L.; Costa, Edgardo; Méndez, René A. (2005). "The Solar Neighborhood. XIII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 Meter Program: Stars with μ >= 1.0" yr⁻¹ (MOTION Sample)". The Astronomical Journal. 129 (4): 1954. arXiv:astro-ph/0502167. Bibcode:2005AJ....129.1954J. doi:10.1086/428489. S2CID 16164903.
45. Costa, Edgardo; Méndez, René A.; Jao, W. -C.; Henry, Todd J.; Subasavage, John P.; Brown, Misty A.; Ianna, Philip A.; Bartlett, Jennifer (2005). "The Solar Neighborhood. XIV. Parallaxes from the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Parallax Investigation-First Results from the 1.5 m Telescope Program". The Astronomical Journal. 130 (1): 337. Bibcode:2005AJ....130..337C. doi:10.1086/430473.
46. Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Andrae, R.; Fouesneau, M. (2010). "The discovery of a very cool, very nearby brown dwarf in the Galactic plane". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 408 (1): L56. arXiv:1004.0317. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408L..56L. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00927.x. S2CID 16032606.
47. Leggett, S. K.; et al. (1 April 2012). "The Properties of the 500 K Dwarf UGPS J072227.51-054031.2, and a Study of the Far-Red Flux of Cold Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 748 (2): 74. arXiv:1201.2973. Bibcode:2012ApJ...748...74L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/748/2/74. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 14171934.
48. Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Andrae, R.; Fouesneau, M. (2010). "Discovery of a very cool brown dwarf amongst the ten nearest stars to the Solar System". arXiv:1004.0317v1 [astro-ph.SR].
49. "Nearby star hosts closest alien planet in the 'habitable zone'". Phys.org. December 16, 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-16. The planet, more than four times the mass of the Earth, is one of three that the team detected around a red dwarf star called Wolf 1061.
50. Gliese, W. and Jahreiß, H. (1991). "Gl 473". Preliminary Version of the Third Catalogue of Nearby Stars. Retrieved 10 May 2018.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
51. Martin, Emily C.; et al. (17 September 2018). "Y dwarf Trigonometric Parallaxes from the Spitzer Space Telescope". The Astrophysical Journal. 867 (2): 109. arXiv:1809.06479. Bibcode:2018ApJ...867..109M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aae1af. S2CID 119097554.
52. "The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — Catalog Listing".
53. The Lick–Carnegie exoplanet survey: Gliese 687 b: A Neptune-mass planet orbiting a nearby red dwarf Archived March 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
54. Feng, Fabo; Shectman, Stephen A.; Clement, Matthew S.; Vogt, Steven S.; Tuomi, Mikko; Teske, Johanna K.; Burt, Jennifer; Crane, Jeffrey D.; Holden, Bradford; Sharon Xuesong Wang; Thompson, Ian B.; Diaz, Matias R.; Paul Butler, R. (2020), Search for Nearby Earth Analogs. III. Detection of ten new planets, three planet candidates, and confirmation of three planets around eleven nearby M dwarfs, arXiv:2008.07998, doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abb139, S2CID 221150644 Accepted for publication by ApJS
55. Rivera, Eugenio J.; et al. (July 2010). "The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A Uranus-mass Fourth Planet for GJ 876 in an Extrasolar Laplace Configuration". The Astrophysical Journal. 719 (1): 890–899. arXiv:1006.4244. Bibcode:2010ApJ...719..890R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/719/1/890. S2CID 118707953.
56. Bailey, Jeremy; et al. (2009). "A Jupiter-like Planet Orbiting the Nearby M Dwarf GJ832". The Astrophysical Journal. 690 (1): 743–747. arXiv:0809.0172. Bibcode:2009ApJ...690..743B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/743. S2CID 17172233.
57. Wittenmyer, R. A.; Tuomi; et al. (2014). "GJ 832c: A super-earth in the habitable zone". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 114. arXiv:1406.5587. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..114W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/114. S2CID 12157837.
58. Carleo, I.; et al. (2020). "The GAPS Programme at TNG XXI – A GIARPS case-study of known young planetary candidates: Confirmation of HD 285507 b and refutation of AD Leo b". Astronomy & Astrophysics. A5: 638. arXiv:2002.10562. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937369.
59. "G 158-50 - SIMBAD". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2015-09-12.
60. Bihain, G.; Scholz, R.-D.; Storm, J.; Schnurr, O. (26 August 2013). "An overlooked brown dwarf neighbour (T7.5 at ~ 5 pc) of the Sun and two additional T dwarfs at about 10 pc". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 557 (43): A43. arXiv:1307.2722. Bibcode:2013A&A...557A..43B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322141. S2CID 118454396.
61. See also: Stellar kinematics.
62. García-Sánchez, Joan; Preston, Robert A.; Jones, Dayton L.; Weissman, Paul R.; Lestrade, Jean-François; Latham, David W.; Stefanik, Robert P. (February 1999). "Stellar Encounters with the Oort Cloud Based on [ITAL]Hipparcos[/ITAL] Data". The Astronomical Journal. 117 (2): 1042–1055. Bibcode:1999AJ....117.1042G. doi:10.1086/300723.
63. Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Andrae, R.; Fouesneau, M. (13 August 2018). "New stellar encounters discovered in the second data release". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616: A37. arXiv:1805.07581. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A..37B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833456. S2CID 56269929.
64. Table 3, Bobylev, Vadim V. (March 2010). "Searching for Stars Closely Encountering with the Solar System". Astronomy Letters. 36 (3): 220–226. arXiv:1003.2160. Bibcode:2010AstL...36..220B. doi:10.1134/S1063773710030060.
65. Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Andrae, R.; Fouesneau, M. (19 May 2018). "New stellar encounters discovered in the second Gaia data release". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616 (37): A37. arXiv:1805.07581. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A..37B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833456.
66. "A Family Portrait of the Alpha Centauri System - VLT Interferometer Studies the Nearest Stars". European Southern Observatory. 15 March 2003. Retrieved 24 January 2011.

External links

• "The 100 nearest star systems", Research Consortium on Nearby Stars
• "NStars database". Northern Arizona University. Archived from the original on October 30, 2005. Retrieved October 24, 2005.
• Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (March 18, 2001). "Map of the 25 nearest star systems". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. Retrieved 2005-10-24.
• "Notable Nearby Stars". SolStation. Retrieved 2005-10-24.
• "Cool stars in the solar Neighbourhood". D. Montes, UCM. Retrieved 2005-11-14.
• The dynamics of the closest stars
• Takeda, G.; E. B. Ford; A. Sills; F. A. Rasio; D. A. Fischer; J. A. Valenti (2006). "Structure and Evolution of Nearby Stars with Planets II. Physical Properties of ~ 1000 Cool Stars from the SPOCS Catalog". California & Carnegie Planet Search. Retrieved 2006-10-13.
• Nearest Stars 3D View
• Table 4 "The Census of Stars and Brown Dwarfs within 8 Parsecs of the Sun" in Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; et al. (2012). "Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal. 753 (2): 156. arXiv:1205.2122. Bibcode:2012ApJ...753..156K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/156. S2CID 119279752.
• http://phl.upr.edu/projects/nearby-stars-catalog