List of national drinks

A national drink is a distinct beverage that is strongly associated with a particular country, and can be part of their national identity and self-image. National drinks fall into two categories; alcoholic and nonalcoholic. An alcoholic national drink is sometimes a liquor drunk straight/neat (as in the case of whiskey in Ireland), but is most often a mixed drink (e.g., caipirinhas in Brazil) or beer or wine. A beverage can be considered a national drink for a variety of reasons:

  • It is a common drink, made from a selection of locally available foodstuffs that can be prepared in a distinctive way, such as mango lassi that uses dahi, a traditional yogurt or fermented milk product, originating from the Indian subcontinent, usually prepared from cow's milk, and sometimes buffalo milk, or goat milk.[1]
  • It contains a particular 'exotic' ingredient that is produced locally.
  • It is served as a festive culinary tradition that forms part of a cultural heritage—for example eggnog in the US during the holiday period.
  • It has been promoted as a national dish by the country itself.
Boba (aka "bubble") tea, a national drink of Taiwan

In some cases, it may be impossible to settle on a national drink for a particular country. In the realm of food at least, Zilkia Janer, a lecturer on Latin American culture at Hofstra University, says that it is impossible to choose a single national dish, even unofficially, for countries such as Mexico, China or India because of their diverse ethnic populations and cultures.[2] At the other end of the spectrum, sometimes different countries see the same beverage as their national drink (such as pisco sour in Peru and Chile).

The national drinks are categorized within geo-political regions modified from the United Nations' five "regional groups".[3]

Americas

Caipirinha is the national drink of Brazil and is made from cachaça, lime, and sugar.
Gourds for drinking mate, Uruguay's national drink

North America

  •  Canada: A Caesar is cocktail that originated in Calgary, and is widely drunk in all parts of Canada. Similar to a Bloody Mary it contains vodka, a blend of tomato juice, clam broth, hot sauce, and Worcestershire sauce, and is served with ice in a celery salt-rimmed glass, typically garnished with a stalk of celery and wedge of lime. What distinguishes the two is that only Caesar contains clam broth. Calgary officially celebrated an anniversary of its creation and launched a national petition for it to be recognized as the official cocktail of Canada.[4]
  •  United States: Coffee[5] was defiantly adopted as an alternative to British tea in the period leading up to the American Revolution. Coca-Cola[6] is America's iconic soft drink. Bourbon (whiskey),[7] named for Bourbon County, Kentucky, is a corn whiskey aged in charred oak barrels. It was proclaimed the U.S. National Spirit by an act of Congress in 1964.
  •  Mexico: Tequila is a liquor distilled from the blue agave plant, primarily in the area surrounding the city of Tequila, of the central western Mexican state of Jalisco. In 2018, the Mexican government approved a proposal to celebrate every third Saturday of March as the National Tequila Day.[8] Agua frescas are also quite popular, two notable ones being Jamaica and horchata.

Central America and South America

Europe

Red wine is popular in France.
Bosnian Coffee accessory manufacturers' small shops in Baščaršija - drink is important part of country's culture, and was major part of its economy in the past.

The "beer belt" in Western Europe includes Germany, the UK, and Ireland, whereas the "wine belt" includes the Mediterranean countries like Spain, Italy, and Greece. Several drinks are common and particular to Slavic countries. Vodka is a clear alcoholic beverage made most often by distilling the liquid from fermented cereal grains and potatoes. Countries where vodka is identified as a national beverage have been referred to as the "vodka belt". Kvass is a traditional fermented non-alcoholic beverage commonly made from rye bread and is drank in many Slavic countries, as well as the three Baltic countries of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Kompot is another drink that is traditionally popular throughout this region and made by boiling together different fruit including strawberries, apricots, peaches, apples, and raisins in large volume of water and served hot or cold, depending on tradition and season. Fruit brandies are popular in the Balkans, while Brännvin and Akvavit are popular in Scandinavia.

Clear vodka served with pickled cucumber – the usual way of consuming it in Slavic countries of the so-called "vodka belt".
Kvass street vendor, Rīga, Latvia, 1977. This was a popular way of selling Kvass in former USSR republics.

Africa

A berele glass containing tej, which is a mead or honey wine brewed and consumed in Ethiopia.

Asia-Pacific

East Asia

Classical Chinese tea set and three gaiwan
Bottles of Zhuyeqing (Chu Yeh Ching) baijiu produced in Shanxi, China
  •  China: Tea has been a vital part of the Chinese culture for thousands of years. China is considered to have the earliest records of tea consumption, with possible records dating back to the 10th century BC.[41][42] Depending on different traditional methods in processing the tea leaves, Chinese tea can be classified into at least six distinct categories, namely white tea, yellow tea, green tea, oolong tea, black tea and post-fermented tea (dark tea).
The Chinese national liquor, Baijiu (Chinese: 白酒; pinyin: báijiǔ; lit. 'white (clear) liquor') is a distilled alcoholic beverage made from various types of grains, including rice, glutinous rice, wheat, barley, millet and so on.[43][44] It was first made 5,000 years ago. Baijiu can be broken down into five main aroma categories: strong, light, sauce (soy, specifically), rice and mixed.
  •  Taiwan: Bubble tea[47][48] (also known as pearl milk tea, bubble milk tea, or boba) is a Taiwanese tea-based drink invented in the 1980s.[49]
  •  Japan: Green Tea.[50] Tea consumption became popular among the gentry during the 12th century, after the publication of Eisai's Kissa Yōjōki. Uji, with its strategic location near the capital at Kyoto, became Japan's first major tea-producing region during this period. Beginning in the 13th and 14th centuries, Japanese tea culture developed the distinctive features for which it is known today, and the Japanese tea ceremony emerged as a key component of that culture.
Sake, also referred to as Japanese rice wine, is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting rice that has been polished to remove the bran.[11][12][13]
  •  Mongolia: Airag (Mongolian: айраг [ˈai̯rəɡ])[51] or, in some areas, tsegee is a fermented dairy product traditionally made from mare's milk. The drink remains important to the peoples of the Central Asian steppes, of Huno-Bulgar, Turkic and Mongol origin: Kazakhs, Bashkirs, Kalmyks, Kyrgyz, Mongols, and Yakuts.[52] [53] A 1982 source reported 230,000 horses were kept in the Soviet Union specifically for producing milk to make into kumis.[54] Rinchingiin Indra, writing about Mongolian dairying, says "it takes considerable skill to milk a mare" and describes the technique: the milker kneels on one knee, with a pail propped on the other, steadied by a string tied to an arm. One arm is wrapped behind the mare's rear leg and the other in front. A foal starts the milk flow and is pulled away by another person, but left touching the mare's side during the entire process.[55] In Mongolia, the milking season for horses traditionally runs between mid-June and early October. During one season, a mare produces approximately 1,000 to 1,200 litres of milk, of which about half is left to the foals.[56]
  •  North Korea: On 18 June 2019, Kim Jong-un designated Pyongyang Soju an alcoholic beverage that embodies the "innocent and tender hearts" of the North Korean people as the national beverage of North Korea, according to a state propaganda service.[57] Soju is a clear, colorless distilled beverage of Korean origin.[58]
  •  South Korea: Soju (/ˈs/; from Korean: 소주; 燒酒 [so.dʑu]) is a clear, colorless distilled beverage of Korean origin.[59][60][61] It is usually consumed neat, and its alcohol content varies from about 16.8% to 53% alcohol by volume (ABV).[62][63] Most brands of soju are made in South Korea. While soju is traditionally made from rice, wheat, or barley, modern producers often replace rice with other starches such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, or tapioca.[64]

Southeast Asia

Thai iced tea is a popular drink in Thailand and in many parts of the world.
The Singapore Sling is a gin-based sling cocktail from Singapore. It was created before 1915 by Chinese-born Ngiam Tong Boon (Chinese: 严崇文; pinyin: Yán Chóng-Wén) at the Long Bar in Raffles Hotel, Singapore, and is considered the national cocktail.
  •  Thailand: Thai tea is a Thai drink made from tea, milk and sugar, and served hot or cold. It is popular in Southeast Asia and is served in many restaurants that serve Thai food.[78] When served cold it is known as Thai iced tea. Another highly popular drink is Krating Daeng, an energy drink which was first introduced in 1976. In Thai, daeng means red, and a krating is a large species of wild bovine native to South Asia. Krating Daeng inspired the creation of the Western drink Red Bull.
  •  Timor-Leste:
  •  Vietnam:

Oceania

South Asia

The 7-layered tea of Bangladesh.
The popular Indian drink mango lassi.
  •  Bangladesh: Tea (Bengali: চা, romanized: Cha) is considered to be the national drink of Bangladesh, with Government bodies such as the Bangladesh Tea Board and the Bangladesh Tea Research Institute supporting the production, certification and exportation of the tea trade in the country.[82] Recently new types of tea, such as the Seven Color Tea or seven-layer tea (Bengali: সাত রং চা, romanized: Shat Rong Cha) has popped up as a well known beverage of the country's Sylhet Division.[83][84] Romesh Ram Gour invented the seven-layer tea after discovering that different tea leaves have different densities.[85][84] Each layer contrasts in color and taste, ranging from syrupy sweet to spicy clove. The result is an alternating dark/light band pattern throughout the drink, giving the tea its name.
  •  Bhutan: Ara, or Arag, (Tibetan and Dzongkha: ཨ་རག་; Wylie: a-rag; "alcohol, liquor") is a traditional alcoholic beverage consumed in Bhutan. Ara is made from native high-altitude tolerant barley, rice, maize, millet, or wheat, and may be either fermented or distilled. The beverage is usually a clear, creamy, or white color.[86]
  •  India: Originating in Punjab and most popular in northern parts of India, Lassi a cold and refreshing drink, can be sweet or salty and is a blend of yogurt, water, spices and sometimes fruit like mango.[87][88] While the Masala chai is a hot, sweet tea popular throughout the subcontinent and is a combination of brewed black tea, aromatic spices and herbs, milk and sugar.[89] In southern India, the iconic beverage is Kaapi, also known as Indian filter coffee, which is made by mixing frothed and boiled milk with coffee brewed through a metal filter.[90]
  •  Maldives: It can be said that the Maldives have two national drinks. Firstly, due to their history and location near the Indian Subcontinent Sai (tea) is a Maldivian favourite. Secondly, as the Maldives are truly an Island nation, Raa (toddy tapped from palm trees) is also has its place in the national identity of the Maldives. Sometimes Raa is left to ferment and thus slightly alcoholic – the closest any Maldivian gets to alcohol.
  •    Nepal: Raksi[91] is a strong drink, clear like vodka or gin, tasting somewhat like Japanese sake. It is usually made from kodo millet (kodo) or rice; different grains produce different flavors.[92] The Limbus, for whom it is a traditional beverage,[93] drink an enormous amount of Tongba and raksi served with pieces of Pork, Water buffalo or Goat meat Sekuwa.[94] For the Newars, aylaa is indispensable during festivals and various religious rituals as libation, prasad or sagan.
  •  Pakistan: Sugarcane juice.[95]
  •  Sri Lanka:

Central and West Asia

Central Asia

West Asia

See also

References

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