List of most expensive paintings

This is a list of the highest known prices paid for paintings. The current record price is approximately US$450.3 million paid for Leonardo da Vinci's Salvator Mundi in November 2017.[1][2]

Salvator Mundi by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci (c. 1500) is the most expensive painting ever sold as of 2019.

Background

The most famous paintings, especially old master works done before 1803, are generally owned or held at museums, for viewing by patrons. Since the museums rarely sell them, they are considered priceless. Guinness World Records lists Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa as having the highest ever insurance value for a painting. On permanent display at the Louvre in Paris, the Mona Lisa was assessed at US$100 million on December 14, 1962. Taking inflation into account, the 1962 value would be around US$850 million in 2019.[3]

The earliest sale on the list below (Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers by Vincent van Gogh) is from March 1987; with a price of £24.75 million (£70.1 million in 2019 currency). This sale tripled the previous record, and introduced a new era in top art sales. Before this, the highest absolute price paid for a painting was £8.1 million (£19.3 million in 2019 currency) paid by the J. Paul Getty Museum for Andrea Mantegna's Adoration of the Magi at Christie's in London on April 18, 1985.[4] In constant dollars, the highest price paid before 1987 was by the National Gallery of Art when in February 1967 they acquired Leonardo da Vinci's Ginevra de' Benci for around $5 million ($38 million in 2019 dollars) from the Princely Family of Liechtenstein. The sale of Van Gogh's Sunflowers was the first time a "modern" (in this case 1888) painting became the record holder, as opposed to the old master paintings which previously had dominated the market. In contrast, there are currently only nine pre-1875 paintings among the listed top 89, and none created between 1635 and 1874.

An exceptional case is graffiti artist David Choe, who accepted payment in shares for painting graffiti art in the headquarters of a fledgling Facebook. His shares were of limited value when he was given them, but by the time of Facebook's IPO they were valued at around $200m.[5]

The list is incomplete with respect to sales between private parties, as these are not always reported and, even if they are, details like the purchase price may remain secret. For example, on June 25, 2019, the American hedge fund manager J. Tomilson Hill bought a recently rediscovered Judith and Holofernes (1607) attributed to Caravaggio, two days before it would have been auctioned in Toulouse.[6] Though the Louvre Museum had turned down the opportunity to purchase it for €100 million,[7] the painting was estimated to sell for $110 to $170 million.[8] The actual purchase price was not disclosed, because of a confidentiality agreement attached to the private sale.[6]

The Red Vineyard (1888), the only painting Vincent van Gogh sold during his lifetime

Vincent van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, and Andy Warhol are the best-represented artists in the list. Whereas Picasso and Warhol became wealthy men, Van Gogh is known to have sold only one painting in his lifetime, The Red Vineyard, for 400 francs (approximately $2,000 in 2018 dollars) in 1890, to the impressionist painter and heiress Anna Boch.[9][10] Prices realised for just his nine paintings listed below, when adjusted for inflation to 2017, add up to over US$900 million.

Georgia O'Keeffe holds the record for the highest price paid for a painting by a woman. On November 20, 2014 at Sotheby's, the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art bought her 1932 painting Jimson Weed/White Flower No. 1 for US$44.4 million (equivalent to US$48 million in 2019).[11][12]

Among the listed top 89, only 3 are paintings by non-Western artists. They are traditional Chinese paintings by Qi Baishi and Wang Meng. In particular, Qi Baishi's Twelve Landscape Screens was sold for $140.8m in 2017. Though just missing the list, notably, the Chinese-French painter Zao Wouki's oil painting Juin-Octobre 1985 was sold for $65m in 2018.[13] In addition, Chinese painter Wang Shaofei's The High Sun was appraised for $74 million in 2017.[14]

List of highest prices paid

This list is ordered by consumer price index inflation-adjusted value (in bold) in millions of United States dollars in 2019.[note 1] Where necessary, the price is first converted to dollars using the exchange rate at the time the painting was sold. The inflation adjustment may change as recent inflation rates are often revised. A list in another currency may be in a slightly different order due to exchange-rate fluctuations. Paintings are listed only once, i.e. for the highest price sold.

Adjusted price
(in millions)		 Original price
(in millions)		 Painting Image Artist Year Date of sale Rank
at sale		 Seller Buyer Auction house
$469.7 $450.3 Salvator Mundi Leonardo da Vinci c. 1500 November 15, 2017 1 Dmitry Rybolovlev Badr bin Abdullah Al Saud[note 2] Christie's, New York[17]
~$324 ~$300 Interchange Willem de Kooning 1955 September 2015 1 David Geffen Foundation Kenneth C. Griffin Private sale[18]
$284 + $250 + [note 3] The Card Players Paul Cézanne 1892/93 April 2011 1 George Embiricos State of Qatar Private sale[19][20][21]
$227 $210 [22] Nafea Faa Ipoipo
(When Will You Marry?)		 Paul Gauguin 1892 September 2014 2 Rudolf Staechelin heirs State of Qatar Private sale[23]
~$216 ~$200 Number 17A Jackson Pollock 1948 September 2015 4 David Geffen Foundation Kenneth C. Griffin Private sale[18]
$201.7 $183.8 Wasserschlangen II Gustav Klimt 1904–07 2013 2 Yves Bouvier Dmitry Rybolovlev Private sale [note 4]
$201 $186
(€140)		 No. 6 (Violet, Green and Red) Mark Rothko 1951 August 2014 3 Cherise Moueix Dmitry Rybolovlev Private sale via
Yves Bouvier[26]
$194 $180
(€160M)		 Pendant portraits of
Maerten Soolmans
and Oopjen Coppit		 Rembrandt 1634 February 1, 2016[27] 7 Éric de Rothschild Rijksmuseum
and Louvre		 Private sale
[28]
$193.5 $179.4 Les Femmes d'Alger
("Version O")		 Pablo Picasso 1955 May 11, 2015 5 Private collection Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani[29] Christie's, New York[30]
$183.8 $170.4 Nu couché Amedeo Modigliani 1917/18 November 9, 2015 9 Laura Mattioli Rossi Liu Yiqian[31] Christie's, New York[32]
$177.6 $140 No. 5, 1948 Jackson Pollock 1948 November 2, 2006 1 David Geffen David Martinez Private sale via Sotheby's[33]
$174.4 $137.5 Woman III Willem de Kooning 1953 November 18, 2006 2 David Geffen Steven A. Cohen Private sale via Larry Gagosian[34]
$172.1 $165.0 Masterpiece Roy Lichtenstein 1962 January 2017 12 Agnes Gund[35][36] Steven A. Cohen[37] Private sale
$171.2 $135 Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I Gustav Klimt 1907 June 18, 2006 1 Maria Altmann Ronald Lauder, Neue Galerie Private sale via Christie's[38]
$170.1 $155 Le Rêve Pablo Picasso 1932 March 26, 2013 6 Steve Wynn Steven A. Cohen Private sale[39]
$161.4 $82.5 Portrait of Dr. Gachet Vincent van Gogh 1890 May 15, 1990 1 Siegfried Kramarsky heirs Ryoei Saito[note 5][42] Christie's, New York
$160.1 $157.2 Nu couché (sur le côté gauche) Amedeo Modigliani 1917 May 15, 2018 Ezra and David Nahmad Sotheby's, New York[43]
$159.8 $150 Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer II Gustav Klimt 1912 2016 10 Oprah Winfrey [note 6] Unidentified buyer in China Private sale via Larry Gagosian[44]
$156.3 $142.4 Three Studies of Lucian Freud Francis Bacon 1969 November 12, 2013 8 [note 7] Elaine Wynn, ex-wife of Steve Wynn[47] Christie's, New York[48]
$152.8 $78.1 Bal du moulin de la Galette
[note 8]		 Pierre-Auguste Renoir 1876 May 17, 1990 2 Betsey Whitney Ryoei Saito [note 9] Sotheby's, New York
$146.9 $140.8
(¥931.5)		 Twelve Landscape Screens Qi Baishi 1925 December 17, 2017 Beijing Poly Auction[49]
$141 $104.2 Garçon à la pipe Pablo Picasso 1905 May 5, 2004 3 Greentree Foundation
(Whitney family)		 Guido Barilla (suspected)[50] Sotheby's, New York[51]
$133.6 $119.9 The Scream [note 10] Edvard Munch 1895 May 2, 2012 8 Petter Olsen Leon Black[52] Sotheby's, New York
$131.7 $120 Otahi Paul Gauguin 1893 2013 10 Yves Bouvier Dmitry Rybolovlev Private sale [note 11]
$131 $118 Reclining Nude With Blue Cushion Amedeo Modigliani 1917 2012 8 Steven A. Cohen Dmitry Rybolovlev Private sale via Yves Bouvier[26]
$129 $110.0 Flag [note 12] Jasper Johns 1958 March 2010 7 Jean-Christophe Castelli Steven A. Cohen Private sale, estimated price[54]
$124.8 $106.5 Nude, Green Leaves and Bust Pablo Picasso 1932 May 4, 2010 9 Frances Lasker Brody estate Leonard Blavatnik (suspected)[55][56] Christie's, New York[57]
$123.8 $58 plus
exchange of
works [note 13]		 Portrait of Joseph Roulin Vincent van Gogh 1889 August 1, 1989 1 Private collection, Zürich Museum of Modern Art New York Private sale via
Thomas Ammann,
Fine Art Zurich[58]
$121.3 $53.9 Irises Vincent van Gogh 1889 November 11, 1987 1 John Whitney Payson, son of Joan Whitney Payson Alan Bond [note 14] Sotheby's, New York
$120.8 $95.2 Dora Maar au Chat Pablo Picasso 1941 May 3, 2006 6 Gidwitz family Boris Ivanishvili[59] Sotheby's, New York[60]
$118.7 $100.0 Eight Elvises Andy Warhol 1963 October 2008 10 Annibale Berlingieri The State of Qatar (suspected)[61][62] Private sale via Philippe Ségalot[63]
$117.1 $115 Young Girl with a Flower Basket Pablo Picasso 1905 May 8, 2018 David and Peggy Rockefeller The Nahmad family[64] Christie's, New York[65]
$116 + $105.7 + [note 15]
(¥10,300)		 Anna's Light Barnett Newman 1968 October 4, 2013 DIC Corp. Private sale[66][67][68]
$115.7 $105.4 Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster) Andy Warhol 1963 November 13, 2013 Sotheby's, New York[69]
$115.3 $110.5 Untitled Jean-Michel Basquiat 1982 May 18, 2017 Basquiat family Yusaku Maezawa [70] Sotheby's, New York[71]
$110.7 $110.7 Meules Claude Monet 1890 May 14, 2019 Hasso Plattner[72] Sotheby's, New York [73]
$112.2 $71.5 Portrait de l'artiste sans barbe Vincent van Gogh 1889 November 19, 1998 5 Jacques Koerfer heirs Christie's, New York
$110 $100 La Montagne Sainte-Victoire
vue du bosquet du Château Noir		 Paul Cézanne 1904 2013 [note 16] Edsel and Eleanor Ford House State of Qatar [74] Private sale[75][76]
$100 $100 Boy and Dog in a Johnnypump Jean-Michel Basquiat 1982 2020 Peter Brant[77] Ken Griffin[78] Private sale[77]
$109 $76.7
(£49.5)		 Massacre of the Innocents Peter Paul Rubens 1611 July 10, 2002 6 an Austrian family Kenneth Thomson[note 17] Sotheby's, London
$102.9 $95.4 Nurse Roy Lichtenstein 1964 November 9, 2015 Christie's, New York[32]
$102.5 $86.3 Triptych, 1976 Francis Bacon 1976 May 14, 2008 Jean-Pierre Moueix heirs[80] Roman Abramovich[81] Sotheby's, New York[82]
$101.7 $49.3
(F300)		 Les Noces de Pierrette Pablo Picasso 1905 November 30, 1989 3 Fredrik Roos[83] Tomonori Tsurumaki Binoche et Godeau Paris
$101.5 $80.0 False Start Jasper Johns 1959 October 12, 2006 11 David Geffen Kenneth C. Griffin Private sale via Richard Gray[84]
$100.9 $57 A Wheatfield with Cypresses Vincent van Gogh 1889 May 1993 6 Emil Georg Bührle's son Walter H. Annenberg [note 18] Private sale via Steven Mazoh
$100.9 $85
(€54)		 Te Fare (La maison) Paul Gauguin 1892 June 2008 Yves Bouvier Dmitry Rybolovlev Private sale [note 19]
$98.7 $47.8 Yo, Picasso Pablo Picasso 1901 May 9, 1989 2 Wendell Cherry Stavros Niarchos Sotheby's, New York
$98.6 $80.0 Turquoise Marilyn Andy Warhol 1964 May 20, 2007 Stefan Edlis Steven A. Cohen Private sale via Larry Gagosian[86]
$97.3 $70.0 Portrait of Alfonso d'Avalos with a Page Titian 1533 November 2003 10 AXA insurance company Getty Museum Private sale via
Hervé Aaron[87][88]
$96.8 $86.9 Orange, Red, Yellow Mark Rothko 1961 May 8, 2012 David Pincus estate Christie's, New York[89]
$95.7 $80.5
(£40.9)		 Le Bassin aux Nymphéas Claude Monet 1919 June 24, 2008 J. Irwin and Xenia S. Miller Christie's, London[90]
$93.6 $91.9 Chop Suey Edward Hopper 1929 November 13, 2018 Barney A. Ebsworth estate Christie's, New York[91]
$92.9 $60.5 Rideau, Cruchon et Compotier Paul Cézanne 1894 May 10, 1999 9 Whitney Family [note 20] Sotheby's, New York
$92.2 $92.2 Portrait of a Young Man holding a Roundel Sandro Botticelli c. 1480 January 21, 2021 Sheldon Solow estate Russian private collector Sotheby's, New York[93]
$91.9 $90.3 Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures) David Hockney 1972 November 15, 2018 Christie's, New York [94]
$90.9 $84.2 Black Fire I Barnett Newman 1961 May 13, 2014 Private Collection Anonymous Christie's, New York[95]
$89.8 $72.8 White Center (Yellow, Pink
and Lavender on Rose)		 Mark Rothko 1950 May 15, 2007 David Rockefeller, Sr. Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani [96] Sotheby's, New York[97]
$89.3 $39.7
(£24.75)		 Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers Vincent van Gogh 1889 March 30, 1987 1 Helen Beatty,
daughter-in-law of
Chester Beatty		 Yasuo Goto, Yasuda Comp. Christie's, London
$88.8 $88.8 Buffalo II Robert Rauschenberg 1964 May 15, 2019 Robert and Beatrice Mayer Estate[98] Alice Walton[99] Christie's, New York[98]
$88.5 $81.9 Triple Elvis Andy Warhol 1963 November 12, 2014 WestSpiel [100] Christie's, New York[101]
$88.4 $71.7 Green Car Crash
(Green Burning Car I)		 Andy Warhol 1963 May 16, 2007 Private collection, Zürich Philip Niarchos Christie's, New York[102]
$88.4 $81.9 No. 10 Mark Rothko 1958 May 13, 2015 Christie's, New York[103][104]
$87.4 $85.8 Suprematist Composition Kazimir Malevich 1916 May 15, 2018 The Nahmad family Anonymous Christie's, New York [note 21]
$84.6 $84.55 Triptych Inspired by the Oresteia of Aeschylus Francis Bacon 1981 June 30, 2020 Hans Rasmus Astrup Sotheby's, New York[108]
$87.3 $80.8 Three Studies for a
Portrait of John Edwards		 Francis Bacon 1984 May 13, 2014 Private Collection Anonymous Christie's, New York.[95]
$86.8 $81.4 Meule Claude Monet 1891 November 16, 2016 Christie's, New York[109]
$86.2 $84.7 Nymphéas en fleur Claude Monet 1914–1917 May 8, 2018 David and Peggy Rockefeller Xin Li-Cohen[110] Christie's, New York[111]
~$85 ~$75
(€50–60) [note 22]		 Darmstadt Madonna Hans Holbein 1526 July 12, 2011 Donatus, Landgrave of Hesse Reinhold Würth Private sale via
Christoph Graf Douglas[112]
$84.8 $81.3 Laboureur dans un champ Vincent van Gogh 1889 November 13, 2017 Nancy Lee and Perry R. Bass estate Christie's, New York[113]
$84.2 $70.6
(£50)		 Diana and Actaeon

Titian 1556–1559 February 1, 2009 Duke of Sutherland National Galleries of Scotland
& National Gallery, London		 Private sale[114][115][116]
$83.9 $40.7 Au Lapin Agile Pablo Picasso 1904 November 27, 1989 5 Linda de Roulet, daughter of Joan Whitney Payson Walter H. Annenberg Sotheby's, New York
$83.8 $68 The Gross Clinic Thomas Eakins 1875 April 12, 2007 Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Museum of Art Private sale[117]
$83.7 $75.1 No 1 (Royal Red and Blue) Mark Rothko 1954 November 13, 2012 John and Anne Marion Sotheby's, New York[118]
$83.3 $38.5
(£20.9)		 Acrobate et jeune arlequin
[note 23]		 Pablo Picasso 1905 November 28, 1988 3 Roger Janssen heirs?
[note 24]		 Mitsukoshi Christie's, London
$82.2 $80.8 Odalisque couchée aux magnolias Henri Matisse 1923 May 8, 2018 David and Peggy Rockefeller Xin Li-Cohen[110] Christie's, New York[119]
$81.7 $55.0 Femme aux Bras Croisés Pablo Picasso 1902 November 8, 2000 Chauncey McCormick heirs Christie's, New York[120]
$80.9 $69.0 Nude Sitting on a Divan
("La Belle Romaine")		 Amedeo Modigliani 1917 November 2, 2010 Halit Cıngıllıoglu[121] Sotheby's, New York[122]
$80.5 $63.5 Police Gazette[123] Willem de Kooning 1955 October 12, 2006 David Geffen Steven A. Cohen Private sale via Richard Gray.[84]
$79.8 $71.7
(£45)		 Diana and Callisto Titian 1556–1559 March 2, 2012 Duke of Sutherland National Galleries of Scotland
& National Gallery, London		 Private sale [124]
$76.1 $70.5 Untitled (New York City) Cy Twombly 1968 November 11, 2015 Sydney M. Irmas heirs Christie's, New York[125]
$76 $49.5 Femme assise dans un jardin Pablo Picasso 1938 November 10, 1999 Robert Saidenberg [note 25] [127] Sotheby's, New York
$75.8 $70.2
(£42.2)		 Portrait of George Dyer Talking Francis Bacon 1966 February 13, 2014 Christie's, London[128][129]
$75.7 $47.5 Peasant Woman Against
a Background of Wheat		 Vincent van Gogh 1890 1997 11 Steve Wynn[note 26] Private sale via
Acquavella Galleries Inc.,
New York[131]
$75.2 $69.6 Untitled Cy Twombly 1970 November 12, 2014 Nicola del Roscio [100] Christie's, New York[132]
$75.2 $69.6 Four Marlons Andy Warhol 1966 November 12, 2014 WestSpiel [100] Christie's, New York[133]
$74.4 $65.5
(¥425.5)		 Eagle Standing on Pine Tree[134] Qi Baishi 1946 May 22, 2011 Liu Yiqian Hunan TV & Broadcast
Intermediary Co[135]		 China Guardian Auctions
$74.3 $63.4 Men in Her Life Andy Warhol 1962 November 8, 2010 Jose Mugrabi Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani [136] Phillips de Pury & Company[137]
$73.1 $70.1 Contraste de formes Fernand Léger 1913 November 13, 2017 Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Foundation Christie's, New York[138]
$72.8 $67.45 La Gommeuse Pablo Picasso 1901 November 5, 2015 William I. Koch Sotheby's, New York.[139][140]
$72.6 $35.2 Portrait of a Halberdier Pontormo 1537 May 31, 1989 5 Chauncey Stillman Getty Museum Christie's, New York
$72.7 $67.4 Buste de femme
(Femme à la résille)		 Pablo Picasso 1938 May 11, 2015 Steve Wynn Joseph Lau[141] Christie's, New York[30]
$71.5 $66.3 L’Allée des Alyscamps Vincent van Gogh 1888 May 5, 2015 Sotheby's, New York[142]
$71.5 $66.2 Untitled Mark Rothko 1952 May 13, 2014 Private Collection Anonymous Christie's, New York[95]
$70.6 $62.1
(¥402.5)		 Zhichuan Resettlement[143] Wang Meng 1350 June 4, 2011 Beijing Poly Auction
$70.7 $66.3 Untitled XXV Willem de Kooning 1977 November 15, 2016 Christie's, New York[144]
$70.5 $69.2 Femme au béret et à la robe quadrillée (Marie-Thérèse Walter) Pablo Picasso 1937 February 28, 2018 Private collection Harry Smith Sotheby's, London[145][146]
$70.3 $65.1 Spring Édouard Manet 1881 November 5, 2014 Oliver Hazard Payne heirs[147] Getty Museum Christie's, New York[148]
$70.2 $68.9 Woman as Landscape Willem de Kooning 1955 November 13, 2018 Barney A. Ebsworth estate Christie's, New York[91]
$70.1 $61.7 1949-A-No.1 Clyfford Still 1949 November 9, 2011 City and County of Denver Sotheby's, New York[149]

Interactive graph

See also

Notes
  1. The Wikipedia template uses a yearly average inflation. Using monthly averages gives slightly different numbers, most significantly for paintings sold early or late in a year with significant inflation.
  2. Badr bin Abdullah allegedly bought Salvador Mundi on behalf of the Abu Dhabi Department of Culture & Tourism,[15] but it has since been posited that he may have been a stand-in bidder for Saudi Arabian crown prince Mohammed bin Salman.[16]
  3. Exact price (even the currency of sale) is not known, with estimates from $250 million to even $300 million
  4. Within weeks after a private viewing in Vienna in September 2012, Rybolovlev agreed to pay $183.8 million via his dealer Bouvier. At the same time, Bouvier was negotiating and eventually succeeded to buy the painting for $112 million from Ursula Ucicky, widow of Gustav Ucicky (the illegitimate son of Gustav Klimt and one of his models). Ucicky shared half with the heirs of the Jewish family from whom the painting had been seized in 1939. After The Bouvier Affair unfolded, Rybolovlev resold the painting for $170 million in November 2015.[24][25]
  5. Some fear existed, that Portrait of Dr. Gachet had been cremated with the owner in 1996, but Gachet's portrait was privately resold to Wolfgang Flöttl in 1997 or 1998 for $65–$90 million through Sotheby’s. Before 2007, Flöttl had sold it for $100 million to an unknown buyer.[40][41]
  6. Oprah Winfrey had bought the painting in November 2006 at Christie's for nearly $88 million. At that time this was the 4th highest (unadjusted) price at auction and 10th highest price on this list.
  7. The triptych had probably been reassembled by the Italian collector Francesco De Simone Niquesa, but were resold to a person in the US before 2013[45][46]
  8. This is the small version of the painting; the large version is at the Musée d'Orsay.
  9. Privately resold for ca. $50 million through Sotheby’s in 1997.[41]
  10. One of two pastel versions; another two painted versions (and lithography) exist, all created by Munch.
  11. Rybolovlev resold Gauguin's Otahi before 2017 for less than $50 million.[53]
  12. This stands as the most expensive painting by a living artist.
  13. The paintings transferred to the dealers include a late Monet entitled Corona (Water Lilies) from around 1920; Renoir's Reclining Nude of 1902; Kandinsky's Autumn Landscape, Murnau from 1908, and Picasso's Striped Bodice from September 1943.
  14. Alan Bond could not pay off the painting, and Irises was resold (probably for somewhat less) to the Getty Museum.
  15. Price excludes sales commission and other costs.
  16. Exact date of sale is not known.
  17. Later in 2002, Thomson donated his private collection, including the Rubens, to the Art Gallery of Ontario[79]
  18. Annenberg subsequently donated it to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  19. Rybolovlev resold Te Fare in February 2017 at Christie's in London for $25 million.[85]
  20. Steve Wynn, who bid on the painting at auction, privately acquired the work several months later from the unidentified buyer for an undisclosed, supposedly lower price. Kenneth Griffin acquired it in 2004 from Wynn.[92]
  21. The Nahmad family bought Suprematist Composition in 2008 at Sotheby's, New York, for $60,002,500 ($71 million in 2019 dollars) from the heirs of Kazimir Malevich.[105][106][107]
  22. Usually estimated at "over €50 M" or "between 50 and 60 million Euros". On July 12, 2011, $75M was equivalent to €53M.
  23. Re-sold for £12m to Stavros Niarchos in 1993.
  24. A Belgian banker and collector who bought it in 1939 for $18,000. His was the last name on the 1988 provenance list; painting came from "a private collection in Arizona"
  25. Son of Daniel (conductor & cellist) and Eleanore Saidenberg who were Picasso's New York dealers from 1955 to 1973.[126]
  26. On Oct. 7, 2005, The New York Times reported that Steven Cohen bought van Gogh's "Peasant Woman Against a Background of Wheat" and Gauguin's "Bathers" (1903) from Steve Wynn for approximately $110 million,[130] though guesses range from $100–150 million. One or both of the paintings may thus occur higher on this list.

References
  1. "'Lost' Leonardo da Vinci to go on display, says National Gallery". Telegraph. 12 July 2011.
  2. "National Gallery Exhibition Catalogue" (PDF). Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved January 1, 2020.
  4. William Wilson, Getty Pays $10.5 Million For Painting, New York Times, April 19, 1985
  5. Nick Bilton, "For Founders to Decorators, Facebook Riches," The New York Times, 1/1/12.
  6. Robin Pogrebin, Mystery Buyer of Work Attributed to Caravaggio Revealed, The New York Times, 27 June 2019
  7. Brown, Mark (28 February 2019). "'Lost Caravaggio' rejected by the Louvre may be worth £100m". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  8. Alex Greenberger, Caravaggio Painting Estimated at $170 M. Sold Privately Ahead of Auction in France, ArtNews, 25 June 2019
  9. "The Red Vineyard Painting at annaboch.com". Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  10. "Anna Boch.com Impressionist, patron of many artists". annaboch.com. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
  11. "The Most Expensive Female Artists 2016 – artnet News". artnet News. 2016-05-24. Retrieved 2017-11-17.
  12. "American Art Auction Results". Retrieved 16 November 2017.
  13. Zao Wou-Ki, Juin-Octobre 1985, Modern Art Evening Sale, Sotheby's, Hong Kong, 30 September 2018
  14. The Chinese Ink Paintings of Wang Shaofei Break the World Record
  15. "Abu Dhabi to acquire Leonardo da Vinci's 'Salvator Mundi': Christie's". Reuters. Retrieved 2017-12-08.
  16. Kirkpatrick, David D. (30 March 2019). "A Leonardo Made a $450 Million Splash. Now There's No Sign of It". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  17. Crow, Kelly (2017-11-16). "Leonardo da Vinci Painting 'Salvator Mundi' Sells for $450.3 Million". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2017-11-16.
  18. Kazakina, Katya (February 18, 2016). "Billionaire Griffin Pays $500 Million for Two Paintings". Bloomberg Business. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
  19. Art Media Agency (AMA), 250 M$, a new record for a painting?, 4 May 2011
  20. Stefan Koldehoff, Welt-online: Das Rätsel vom teuersten Bild aller Zeiten, 31 July 2011 (already mentions Qatar as most likely buyer)
  21. Peers, Alexandra (January 2012). "Qatar Purchases Cézanne's The Card Players for More Than $250 Million, Highest Price Ever for a Work of Art". QuatarSale. Retrieved 2012-02-03.
  22. Haigney, Sophie (July 3, 2017). "Lawsuit Reveals Gauguin Painting Was Not World's Most Expensive". The New York Times. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
  23. Reyburn, Scott; Carvajal, Doreen (February 5, 2015). "Gauguin Painting Is Said to Fetch Nearly $300 Million". The New York Times. Retrieved February 5, 2015.
  24. Baker, Stepanie; Miller, Hugo (20 December 2017). "Russian Billionaire Seeks to Pull Sotheby's Into Art-World Fight". Bloomberg. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  25. Gerlis, Melanie (12 Jan 2018). "The tangled history of Klimt's '$170m' Water Serpents". Financial Times. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  26. Baker, Stephanie (April 27, 2015). "The Billionaire, the Dealer, and the $186 Million Rothko". Bloomberg.
  27. Portraits of Maerten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit by Rembrandt, an exceptionnal acquisition exhibited at the Musée du Louvre, www.louvre.fr
  28. Rembrandt portraits may come home, The New York Times September 21, 2015
  29. Smith, Emily (20 May 2015). "Buyer of record-setting Picasso painting revealed". Page Six. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  30. Reyburn, Scott (11 May 2015). "Picasso and Giacometti Artworks Top $120 Million Each at Christie's Sale". New York Times. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  31. Qin, Amy (10 November 2015). "Chinese Taxi Driver Turned Billionaire Bought Modigliani Painting". New York Times. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  32. Pogrebin, Robin; Reyburn, Scott (9 November 2015). "With $170.4 Million Sale at Auction, Modigliani Work Joins Rarefied Nine-Figure Club". New York Times. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  33. Carol Vogel, A Pollock Is Sold, Possibly for a Record Price, New York Times, November 2, 2006
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