List of microcars by country of origin: U
List
Country | Automobile Name | Manufacturer | Engine Make/Capacity | Seats | Year | Other information |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United Kingdom | AC Petite (Mark 1) | AC Cars Ltd, Thames Ditton | Villiers 346 cc | 2 | 1953-1955 | [1] |
United Kingdom | AC Petite Mark 2 | AC Cars Ltd, Thames Ditton | Villiers 346 cc | 2 | 1955-1958 | The Mark 2 has minor trim differences to the Mark 1, a more powerful engine and equally sized front and rear wheels[1][2] |
United Kingdom | AC | AC Cars Ltd, Thames Ditton | Steyr-Daimler-Puch 500 cc | 4 | 1971 | AC made three prototype cars based on their Model 70 invalid carriage[1][2] |
United Kingdom | Allard Clipper | Allard Motor Co Ltd, Clapham | Villiers 346 cc | 3 + 2 children in dicky seat | 1954-1955 | [3][4][5] |
United Kingdom | Astra Utility | Astra Car Co Ltd, Hampton Hill | British Anzani 322 cc | 2 | 1956-1959 | Originally produced by JARC as the 'Little Horse', the Astra Utility had a more distinctive grille and larger engine[3][6] |
United Kingdom | Berkeley 'Sports' SA322 | Berkeley cars Ltd, Biggleswade, Beds | British Anzani 322 cc | 2 | 1956 | [3][7] |
United Kingdom | Berkeley 'Sports' SA328 | Berkeley cars Ltd, Biggleswade, Beds | Excelsior 328 cc | 2 | 1957-1958 | [3][7] |
United Kingdom | Berkeley 'Sports' SE492 | Berkeley cars Ltd, Biggleswade, Beds | Excelsior 492 cc | 2 | 1957-1959 | [3][7] |
United Kingdom | Berkeley T60 | Berkeley cars Ltd, Biggleswade, Beds | Excelsior 328 cc | 2 | 1959-1961 | [3][7] |
United Kingdom | Berkeley T60/4 | Berkeley cars Ltd, Biggleswade, Beds | Excelsior 328 cc | 2+2 | 1960-1961 | [3][7] |
United Kingdom | Berkeley B95 | Berkeley cars Ltd, Biggleswade, Beds | Royal Enfield 692 cc | 2 | 1959-1960 | [3][7] |
United Kingdom | Berkeley B105 | Berkeley cars Ltd, Biggleswade, Beds | Royal Enfield 692 cc | 2 | 1959-1960 | [3][7] |
United Kingdom | Berkeley QB95 | Berkeley cars Ltd, Biggleswade, Beds | Royal Enfield 692 cc | 2 | 1959-1960 | [3][7] |
United Kingdom | Berkeley QB105 | Berkeley cars Ltd, Biggleswade, Beds | Royal Enfield 692 cc | 2 | 1959-1960 | [3][7] |
United Kingdom | Berkeley Foursome | Berkeley cars Ltd, Biggleswade, Beds | Excelsior 492 cc | 4 | 1958-1960 | [3][7] |
United Kingdom | Blériot-Whippet | Air Navigation and Engineering Company, Addlestone, Surrey | Blackburne 997 cc | 2; later version 3/4 | 1920-1927 | [8] |
United Kingdom | B.M.A Hazelcar | Battery Manufacturing Association, Hove, Sussex | electric motor 1.5 hp (1 kW) | 2 | 1952-1957 | [3] |
United Kingdom | Bond Minicar (Mark A) | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 122 cc | 2 | 1949-1951 | [9] |
United Kingdom | Bond Minicar Deluxe Tourer (Mark A) | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 197 cc | 2 | 1949-1951 | [9] |
United Kingdom | Bond Minicar Mark B | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 197 cc | 2 | 1951-1952 | [10] |
United Kingdom | Sharp’s Minitruck (Mark B) | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 197 cc | 1 | 1952-1953 | [10] |
United Kingdom | Sharp’s Minivan | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 197 cc | 2 | 1952 | [10] |
United Kingdom | Bond Minicar Mark B, Family "Safety Saloon" | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 197 cc | 2+2 | 1952 | [10] |
United Kingdom | Bond Minicar Mark C | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 197 cc | 2 | 1952-1956 | [11] |
United Kingdom | Sharpe's Minitruck Mark C | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 197 cc | 1 | 1953-1956 | [11] |
United Kingdom | Bond Minicar Mark C, Family Safety Model | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 197 cc | 2+2 | 1954-1956 | [11] |
United Kingdom | Bond Minicar Mark D | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 197 cc | 2 | 1956-1958 | [12] |
United Kingdom | Bond Minicar Mark D, Family Safety Model/Family Tourer | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 197 cc | 2+2 | 1956-1958 | [12] |
United Kingdom | Bond Minicar Mark E | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 197 cc | 3 | 1956-1958 | [13] |
United Kingdom | Bond Minicar Mark E, 3 seater Saloon Coupe | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 197 cc | 3 | 1958 | [13] |
United Kingdom | Bond Minicar, Tourer (Mark F) | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 250 cc | 3 | 1958-1961 | [14] |
United Kingdom | Bond Minicar, Saloon Coupe (Mark F) | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 250 cc | 3 | 1958-1961 | [14] |
United Kingdom | Bond Minicar, Family Saloon (Mark F) | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 250 cc | 2+2 | 1958-1961 | [14] |
United Kingdom | Bond Ranger (Mark F) | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 250 cc | 2 | 1960-1962 | [14] |
United Kingdom | Bond Ranger Van (Mark F) | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 250 cc | 1 | 1960-1962 | [14] |
United Kingdom | Bond 250G (Mark G) | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 250 cc | 4 | 1961-1965 | [15] |
United Kingdom | Bond 250G Estate (Mark G) | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 250 cc | 4 | 1962-1966 | [15] |
United Kingdom | Bond Ranger (Mark G) | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 250 cc | 1 | 1962-1966 | [15] |
United Kingdom | Bond Tourer (Mark G) | Sharp's Commercials Ltd, Preston, Lancashire | Villiers 250 cc | 3 | 1964-1966 | [15] |
United Kingdom | Bond Bug | Reliant Motors Co Ltd, Tamworth, Staffordshire | Reliant 700 cc | 2 | 1970-1974 | [16] |
United Kingdom | BSA Ladybird | BSA, Small Heath, Birmingham | BSA Sunbeam 250 cc | 2 | 1958-1960 | Two prototypes built[17] |
United Kingdom | CLEVER | University of Bath, Centre for Power Transmission and Motion Control (PTMC), Bath, Somerset | Rotax 218 cc | 2 | 2006 | Prototype, now undergoing development with BMW[18][19] |
United Kingdom | Colliday Chariot 50/Commuter 350 | Robert Collier Engineering Ltd, Sutton Coldfield | BSA Motorcycle engines 49 cc or 348 cc | 2 adults and children | 1961-1969 | 3 Wheeled bubblecars with rear mounted engines and automatic gearboxes. Top speed 45 kmh. The petrol engine had a simple control: starterswitch key, steering wheel and two (GO and STOP) foot pedals. The turning circle was only 210 cm. |
United Kingdom | Cooper | Cooper Car Co Ltd, Surbiton, Surrey | 500 cc | 1947-1951 | [3] | |
United Kingdom | Coronet | Coronet Cars Ltd, Denham, Buckinghamshire | British Anzani 328 cc | 2 | 1947-1951 | [3] |
United Kingdom | Eaglet | Silent Transport Ltd, Woking, Surrey | electric motor | 1948 | The company also converted Opel Kadetts and Fiat Topolinos to electric power[3] | |
United Kingdom | E.E.C. | Electrical Engineering Construction Co Ltd, Totnes, Devon | Excelsior 250 cc | 1952-1954 | [3] Also known as the "Workers' Playtime"[4] | |
United Kingdom | Enfield 8000 | Enfield Automotive Ltd, London | electric motor | 2 | 1969-1976 | [3] production later transferred from Isle of Wight to island of Syros (Greece) |
United Kingdom | Fairthorpe Atom Mark I | Fairthorpe Ltd, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire | BSA 248 cc | 2+2 | 1954-1956 | About fifty produced including three unique vehicles; a convertible, a Wagonette van and a narrowed version[1] |
United Kingdom | Fairthorpe Atom Mark II | Fairthorpe Ltd, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire | BSA 348 cc | 2+2 | 1954-1956 | Model listed in manufacturers literature, but none are believed to have been built. A Mark IIa version with a 322 cc British Anzani engine was also tested[1] |
United Kingdom | Fairthorpe Atom Mark III | Fairthorpe Ltd, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire | BSA 646 cc | 2+2 | 1954-1956 | Only one car is said to have been built[1] |
United Kingdom | Fairthorpe Atomata | Fairthorpe Ltd, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire | BSA 646 cc | 2 | 1957-1958 | [1] |
United Kingdom | Meadows Frisky | Henry Meadows (Vehicles) Ltd, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire | Villiers 250 cc | 2 | 1957 | Prototype with gull-wing doors[1] |
United Kingdom | Friskysport | Henry Meadows (Vehicles) Ltd, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire | Villiers 324 cc | 2 | 1957-1964 | [1] |
United Kingdom | Frisky Coupé | Henry Meadows (Vehicles) Ltd, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire | Villiers 324 cc | 2 | 1957-1964 | [1] |
United Kingdom | Friskysprint | Frisky Cars Ltd, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire | Excelsior 492 cc | 2 | 1958 | Prototype. A similar car was eventually produced as the Zeta Sports[1] |
United Kingdom | Frisky Family Three | Henry Meadows (Vehicles) Ltd, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire | Excelsior 246 cc or Villiers 197 cc | 2 | 1958-1964 | [1] |
United Kingdom | Frisky Prince | Henry Meadows (Vehicles) Ltd, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire | Excelsior 328 cc or Villiers 324 cc | 4 | 1959-1964 | [1] |
United Kingdom | Gill Getabout | Gill Cars of Paddington | British Anzani 322 cc | 2 | 1958-1960 | The car was based upon the chassis from the Astra car and eventually went on to form the basis of the Zeta Sedan |
United Kingdom | Isetta | Brighton railway works, Brighton | BMW 298 cc | 2 | 1957-1962 | Assembled in Brighton under license from BMW. |
United Kingdom | JARC 'Little Horse' | JARC Motors Ltd, Isleworth | Excelsior 250 cc | 2 | 1955 | Subsequently produced by a subsidiary of British Anzani as the Astra Utility[3][20] |
United Kingdom | Opperman Unicar | Factory at Elstree, Hertfordshire | Anzani, then 328 cc Excelsior | 2+2 | 1956-1959 | 2 Prototypes of the 'Stirling' also built |
United Kingdom | Peel Manxcar | Peel Engineering Company, Isle of Man | Anzani 250 cc | 2+2 | 1955 | prototype saloon car;[21] |
United Kingdom | Peel P50 | Peel Engineering Company, Isle of Man; 2010: Peel Engineering Ltd. Sutton-in-Ashfield | 1962-1964: DKW 49 cc / 2010: 49 cc Petrol or 2.3 kW Electric | 1 | 1962-1964; 2010- | The P50 holds the record as smallest ever production car; 2010 prototypes not road legal, 2011 on new road legal petrol & electric versions produced |
United Kingdom | Peel P50 | Bamby Cars, Kingston-upon-Hull | 1 | 1984 | ||
United Kingdom | Peel Trident | Peel Engineering Company, Isle of Man | DKW 49 cc, some with Triumph Tina 99 cc engine | 1 + 1 | 1965-1966 | "The Terrestrial Flying Saucer" NB the later mini-based Peel Viking Sport was not a microcar |
United Kingdom | Powerdrive | Powerdrive Ltd, Wood Green, London | Anzani 322 cc | 2 | 1955-1957 | larger than other cars in this class, with full-size 13-inch wheels |
United Kingdom | Qpod | Unique Motor Company | 50 cc | UK branded ATV by SECMA (France) | ||
United Kingdom | Reliant Robin | Reliant Motor Company, Tamworth | 748 cc and 848 cc | 4 | 1973-2002 | Also licence-built in Greece and India |
United Kingdom | Rodley | Rodley Automobile Company, Rodley | JAP 750 cc | 4 | 1954-1956 | Built in Rodley, Leeds |
United Kingdom | Russon | Russon Cars Ltd | Excelsior 250 cc | 3 | 1951-1952 | |
United Kingdom | Scootacar | Hunslet Engine Company | Villiers 197 and 250 cc | 2 | 1957-1964 | Made in Hunslet, Leeds |
United Kingdom | Sinclair C5 | Sinclair Vehicles, Merthyr Tydfil, Wales | Battery electric vehicle | 1 | 1985 | 14,000 made 5,000 sold before manufacturer went into receivership |
United Kingdom | Tourette | Progress Supreme Co Ltd, Purley, London | Villiers197 cc | 2 | 1956-1958 | [3] |
United Kingdom | Trojan | Trojan, Croydon and for a while Kingston-on-Thames | Heinkel 198 cc 4-stroke ohv single | 2 | 1960-1965 | (Licence built version of the Heinkel) |
United States | Airway | T.P. Hall Engineering Co, San Diego | Onan 10hp | 3 | 1949-1950 | [3] |
United States | Airscoot | Aircraft Products, Wichita, Kansas | 2.6 hp | 1947 | [22] | |
United States | American Buckboard | American Buckboard Corporation, Los Angeles | 1955-1956 | Simple, open car, a revival of the 5-wheel Briggs & Stratton Flyer. Also sold as the Bearcat[3] | ||
United States | Auto Cub | Randall Products, Hampton, New Hampshire | Briggs & Stratton1.6 hp (1 kW) | 1 | 1956 | "looked like a horribly cheap DIY kit"[4][22] |
United States | Autoette | Autoette Electric Car Co, Long Beach, California | electric motor | 1948-1970 | Believed to be the first golf cart,[23] the Autoette appeared in a large variety of configurations from a single seat invalid carriage to a 4-seat factory runabout, all with tiller steering and some of which were road legal. Convertible roofs were available on some models[3] | |
United States | Banner Boy Buckboard | Banner Welder Inc, Milwaukee | Briggs & Stratton 2.75 hp (2 kW) | 1958 | Simple, open car similar to the Shawmobile and Briggs & Stratton Flyer[3] | |
United States | Basson's Star | Basson's Industries Corp, Bronx, New York | ILO | 1956 | [3] Prototype fiberglass 3-wheeled light delivery van, (white car in bottom photograph)[24][25] | |
United States | Bearcat | American Buckboard Corporation, Los Angeles | 1955-1956 | Simple, open car, a revival of the 5-wheel Briggs & Stratton Flyer. Also sold as the American Buckboard[3] | ||
United States | Brogan | B and B Speciality Co, Rossmoyne, Ohio | 10 hp (7 kW) | 2 | 1946-1948 | [3] |
United States | Buckaroo | Cleveland | 1957 | Small car with air-cooled engine, priced at $400 and capable of 18 mph[3] | ||
United States | Buckboard Model 60 | McDonough Power Equipment Co, McDonough, Georgia | 2 | 1960 | [26] | |
United States | CitiCar | Sebring Vanguard Inc, Sebring, Florida | electric motor 3.5 hp (3 kW) | 2 | 1972-1978 | From 1979, made by Commuter Vehicles Inc as the Commuta-Car[3] |
United States | Colt | Colt Motors Co, Boston | Wisconsin, 377 cc | 2 | 1958 | [3] |
United States | Comet | General Development Co, Ridgewood, Queens, New York | 4.5 hp (3 kW) | 1946-1948 | [3] | |
United States | Commuta-Car | Commuter Vehicles Inc, Sebring, Florida | 1979- | [3] See also CitiCar | ||
United States | Commuter Cars Tango | Commuter Cars, Spokane, Washington | 2005- | Zero to 60 in four seconds. First production vehicle delivered to George Clooney. Very low volume production. | ||
United States | Sparrow | Corbin Motors Inc, Hollister, California | electric motor | 1 | 1999-2003 | |
United States | Crofton | Crofton Marine Engine Co, San Diego | 1959-1961 | [3] | ||
United States | Crosley | Crosley Motors Inc, Marion, Indiana | 1939-1952 | [3] | ||
United States | Daytona | Randall Products, Hampton, New Hampshire | Briggs & Stratton 2 hp (1 kW) | 1956 | [3] | |
United States | Delcar | American Motors Incorporated, Troy, New York | 25 hp (19 kW) | 1 | 1947-1949 | Initially built as a delivery van, later one or more six seater station wagons were produced on the same chassis[3] |
United States | Diehlmobile | H.L. Diehl Co, Willington, Connecticut | Briggs & Stratton 3 hp (2 kW) | 2 | 1962-1964 | A folding three-wheeled 'spare car' that could fit in a car boot[3] |
United States | Electra-King | B & Z Electric Car Co, Long Beach, California | electric motor | 2 | 1961-1983 | Both 3- and 4-wheeled versions were available[3] |
United States | Electric Shopper | Electric Shopper, Long Beach, California | electric motor | 2 | 1964-1983 | [3] |
United States | Electro Master | Nepa Mfg Co, Pasadena, California | electric motor 2 hp (1 kW) | 1962-1983 | [3] | |
United States | Eshelman 3 HP Adult's Sport Car | The Cheston L Eshelman Co, Baltimore | Briggs & Stratton 3 hp (2 kW) | 1 | 1955 | |
United States | Eshelman 6 HP Adult's Sport Car | The Cheston L Eshelman Co, Baltimore | Briggs & Stratton 3 hp (2 kW) | 2 | 1955-1956 | |
United States | Eshelman Deluxe Sportabout | Eshelman Motors Corp | Briggs & Stratton 3 hp (2 kW) | 2 | 1957-1958 | |
United States | Eshelman Deluxe Sportabout Model 902 ¼ Ton Utility Truck | Eshelman Motors Corp, Baltimore | Briggs & Stratton 18 hp (13 kW) | 3 | 1958 | |
United States | Eshelman Deluxe Sportabout Model 903 Passenger Car | Eshelman Motors Corp, Baltimore | Briggs & Stratton 18 hp (13 kW) | 3 | 1958 | |
United States | Free-Way | H-M-Vehicles, Inc., Burnsville, Minnesota | Tecumseh 16 hp (12 kW) | 1 | 1979 - 1982 | Designed as a high efficiency single seat commuter car, they can exceed 65 mph (105 km/h) and were sold with a 100 miles per US gallon (2.4 L/100 km; 120 mpg‑imp) guarantee. About 700 were made |
United States | Hoppenstand | Greenville, Pennsylvania | 2 | 1949-1950 | Aluminium body, 3 variants: Roadster, Cabriolet and Coupé[27] | |
United States | Hummingbird | Talmadge Judd Kingsport, Tennessee | 20 hp (15 kW) water cooled 4-cyl[28] | 2 | 1946 | |
United States | Imp | 1949-1951 | ||||
United States | Kapi | |||||
United States | King Midget | 1947-1970 | ||||
United States | Knudson | 1948 | ||||
United States | Marketeer | 1954 | ||||
United States | Marketour | 1964 | ||||
United States | Markette | 1967 | ||||
United States | Martin | 1948-1950 | ||||
United States | Minicar | 1969 | ||||
United States | Motorette | 1946-1948 | ||||
United States | Multiplex | 1952-1954 | ||||
United States | Nu-Klea | 1959-1960 | ||||
United States | Playboy | 1947-1951 | ||||
United States | Publix | 1947-1948 | ||||
United States | Pup | 1948-1949 | ||||
United States | Rocket | 1948 | ||||
United States | Saviano | 1960 | ||||
United States | Scootmobile | 1946-1948 | ||||
United States | Seagrave | 1960 | ||||
United States | Skorpion | 1952-1954 | ||||
United States | Squire | 1971-1975 | ||||
United States | Streco Turnpike Cruiser | 1958-1985 | ||||
United States | Stuart | 1961 | ||||
United States | Sundancer | 1974 | ||||
United States | Super Kar | 1946 | ||||
United States | Taylor-Dunn | 1949-1966 | ||||
United States | Thrif-T | 1947-1955 | ||||
United States | Towne Shopper | 1948 | ||||
United States | Tri-Car | 1955 | ||||
United States | Triplex Lightning | 1954-1955 | ||||
United States | U.S. Mark II | 1956 | ||||
United States | Westcoaster | 1960 | ||||
United States | University of Michigan Urban Vehicle, SAE paper 730512 | OMC Wankel 35 HP | 1973 | |||
United States | Zoe Little Giant | Zoe Motors | Honda 50 cc | 1 + half ton payload | 1982 | |
United States | Zoe Zipper | Zoe Motors | Honda 50 cc | 1 | 1982 | |
USSR | GAZ 18 | GAZ, Gorky | 500 cc | 1958 | Two prototypes built as a design for a potential invalid carriage. One survives in the factory museum.[29][30] | |
USSR | SMZ cycle-car SMZ S-3A | Serpukhov Motor Works, Serpukhov | 346 cc | 2 | 1958-1970 | single-cylinder two-stroke engine |
USSR | SMZ cycle-car SMZ S-3D | Serpukhov Motor Works, Serpukhov | 346 cc | 2 | 1970-1997 | single-cylinder two-stroke engine |
References
- Marshall, Tony (2001). More Microcars. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-2668-6.
- Frost, Peter. "Alternative Autos - AC Petite". Archived from the original on 2001-12-14. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
- G.N. Georgano, G.N. (Editor) (1982). Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars. London: Ebury Press. ISBN 0-85223-234-9.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- Vokins, Stephen (2004). Weird Cars. Sparkford: Haynes Publishing. ISBN 1-84425-098-9.
- "Allard Clipper". Register of Unusual Microcars. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
- "British Anzani - Company History part 3". British Anzani Archive. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
- "Berkeley Models". Berkeley Enthusiast’s Club. Archived from the original on 2007-10-08. Retrieved 2007-10-16.
- Culshaw; Horrobin (1974). Complete Catalogue of British Cars. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-16689-2.
- "Bond Mark A - January 1949 to April 1951". Bond Owners Club. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
- "Bond MARK B - April 1951 to November 1952". Bond Owners Club. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
- "Bond Mark C - October 1952 to May 1956". Bond Owners Club. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
- "Bond Mark D - May 1956 to November 1958". Bond Owners Club. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
- "Bond Mark E - October 1957 to November 1958". Bond Owners Club. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
- "Bond Mark F - November 1958 to January 1963". Bond Owners Club. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
- "Bond Mark G - August 1961 to December 1966". Bond Owners Club. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
- "Bond Bug - March 1970 to May 1974". Bond Owners Club. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
- "BSA". www.3-wheelers.com. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
- "New vehicle only one metre wide designed for cities". University of Bath. Archived from the original on 2007-10-14. Retrieved 2007-11-09.
- "BMW 'CLEVER' concept". leftlanenews. Retrieved 2007-11-09.
- "Transport - Van Makers". vintage-technology.info. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
- page for manxcar at peelcars.com
- Kowalke, Ron (1997). Standard Catalog of American Cars (4th ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-521-3.
- "Interview with Beverly F. Dolan, Father of the Golf Cart". Mountaintop Golf Cars, Inc. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
- "Tri-Car". 3-wheelers.com. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
- "Biehl". Coachbuilt.com. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
- Moore, Everett. "Engine & Wheels" (PDF). www.smallcarplans.com. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2007-11-04.
- Hoppenstand at allcarindex.com
- Hummingbird listed at american-automobiles.com
- Nowill, Julian (2000). East European Cars. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-2369-5.
- "GAZ - VOLGA". www.autosoviet.altervista.org. Retrieved 2007-10-01.
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