List of marine heterobranch gastropods of South Africa

The list of marine heterobranch gastropods of South Africa is a list of saltwater mollusc species that form a part of the molluscan fauna of South Africa. This list does not include the land or freshwater molluscs.

Map of the Southern African coastline showing some of the landmarks referred to in species range statements

This is a sub-list of the list of marine gastropods of South Africa, which is in turn a sub-list of the list of marine molluscs of South Africa.

Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs (meaning "different-gilled snails"), is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks.

Heterobranchia is one of the main clades of gastropods. Currently Heterobranchia comprises three informal groups: the lower heterobranchs, the opisthobranchs and the pulmonates. (Full article...)

Heterobranchia

Architectonicidae

  • Variegated sundial shell Heliacus variegatus (Gmelin, 1791) (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[1]

Siphonariidae - False limpets

  • Siphonaria annaea Tomlin, 1944 (Durban northwards)[1]
  • Cape False limpet Siphonaria capensis Quoy and Gaimard (Namibia to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1]
  • Siphonaria compressa Allanson, 1958[2]
  • Siphonaria concinna Sowerby, 1824 (Cape Point to Zululand)[1]
  • Siphonaria nigerrima Smith, 1903 (Zululand to Mozambique)[1]
  • Siphonaria oculus Krauss, 1848 (Cape Point to Zululand)[1]
  • Siphonaria serrata Fischer, 1807 (Saldanha Bay to Zululand)[1]
  • Siphonaria tenuicostulata Smith, 1903 (Durban to Mozambique)[1]

Ringiculidae

  • Ringicula turtoni Bartsch, 1915[3]

Acteonidae

Bullinidae

  • Bullina scabra Gmelin, 1791[3]
  • Bullina oblonga Sowerby, 1897[3]

Hydatinidae

Cylichnidae

  • Cylichnella agulhasensis (Thiele, 1925)[3]
  • Cylichnella meridionalis (Smith, 1902)[3]
  • Cylichnella miniscula (Turton, 1932)[3]
  • Cylichnella natalensis (Barnard, 1963)[3]
  • Cylichnella nitens (Smith, 1872)[3]
  • Cylichnella smithi (Bartsch, 1915)[3]
  • Cylichna africana Bartsch, 1915[3]
  • Cylichna bistriata Tomlin, 1920[3]
  • Cylichna dulcis Thiele. 1925[3]
  • Cylichna nitens Smith, 1903[3]
  • Cylichna remissa Smith, 1890[3]
  • Cylichna tubulosa Gould, 1859[3]
  • Scaphander punctostriatus (Mighels. 1841)[3]

Retusidae

  • Retusa agulhasensis Thiele, 1925[3]
  • Retusa natalensis Barnard, 1963[3]
  • Retusa sp. cf. nicobarica Thiele, 1925[3]
  • Retusa sp. cf. semen Thiele, 1925[3]
  • Retusa truncatula Bruguiere, 1792[3]
  • Volvulella mutabilis (Barnard, 1963)[3]
  • Volvulella pia (Thiele, 1925)[3]
  • Volvulella rostrata (A. Adams, 1854)[3]

Philinidae

Gastropteridae

  • Gastropteron flavobrunneum Gosliner, 1984[3]
  • Gastropteron alboaurantium Gosliner, 1984[3]

Aglajidae

  • Slipper slug Philinopsis capensis (Bergh, 1907)[3][5]
  • Philinopsis dubia (O'Donoghue, 1929)[3]
  • Philinopsis cyanea(Martens, 1879)[3]
  • Chelidonura fulvipunctata Baba, 1938[3]
  • Chelidonura hurundinina (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)[3]

Haminoeidae

  • Atys cylindrica (Heibling, 1779)[3]
  • Green bubble shell Haminoea alfredensis Bartsch, 1915 (Namaqualand to Eastern Cape)[1][3]
  • Haminoea natalensis (Krauss, 1848) (KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
  • Roxania utriculus (Brocchi, 1814)[3]
  • Smaragdinella sieboldi A. Adams, 1864[3]
  • Smaragdinella calyculata (Broderip and Sowerby, 1829)[3]
  • Phenerophthalmus smaragdinus (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1831)[3]

Runcinidae

  • Metaruncina sp.[3]

Bullidae

  • Bulla ampulla (Linnaeus 1758)[3]

Limacinidae

  • Limacina bulimoides (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
  • Limacina antarctica Woodward, 1854 - mentioned in traditional views as Limacina helicina (Phipps, 1774)[3] (cf.[6])
  • Limacina inflata (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
  • Limacina lesueurii (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
  • Limacina trochiformis (Orbigny, 1836)[3]

Cavoliniidae

  • Cavolinia gibbosa (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
  • Cavolinia globosa (Gray, 1850)[3]
  • Cavolinia inflexa (Lesueur, 1813)[3]
  • Cavolinia tridentata (Niebuhr, 1775)[3]
  • Clio andreae (Boas, 1886)[3]
  • Clio chaptalii Gray, 1850[3]
  • Clio cuspidata (Bosc, 1802)[3]
  • Clio pyramidata Linnaeus, 1767[3]
  • Creseis acicula (Rang, 1828)[3]
  • Creseis virgula (Rang, 1828)[3]
  • Cuvierina columnella (Rang, 1827)[3]
  • Diacria quadridentata (Blainville, 1821)[3]
  • Diacria trispinosa (Blainville, 1821)[3]
  • Styliola subula (Quoy and Gaimard, 1827)[3]

Peraclididae

  • Peraclis moluccensis (Tesch, 1903)[3]
  • Peraclis reticulata (Orbigny, 1836)[3]

Cymbuliidae

Desmopteridae

  • Desmopterus papilio Chun 1889[3]

Gymnosomata

Clionidae

Pneumodermatidae

  • Spongiobranchaea australis (d'Orbigny, 1836)[3] (Pelagic, southern hemisphere)[8]

Anaspidea

Akeridae

  • Akera soluta (Gmelin 1791)[3]

Aplysiidae

Sacoglossa

Oxynoidae

Juliidae

Volvatellidae

  • Ascobulla fischeri (Adams & Angas, 1864)[3]
  • Volvatella laguncula Sowerby, 1894[3]

Placobranchidae

  • Elysia halimedae Macnae, 1954[3]
  • Elysia marginata (Pease, 1871)[3]
  • Elysia moebii (Bergh, 1888)[3]
  • Elysia livida Baba, 1955[3]
  • Elysia rufescens (Pease, 1871)[3]
  • Elysia vatae Risbec, 1928[3]
  • Elysia virgata (Bergh, 1888)[3]
  • Plant-sucking nudibranch Elysia viridis (Montagu, 1804) (Namaqualand to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
  • Plant-sucking nudibranch Elysia sp.[4][5] This may be the same species as listed above as E. viridis. There may be question of identification.
  • Elysia spp. (7)[3]

Limapontiidae

Caliphyllidae

Hermaeidae

Notaspidea

Umbraculidae

Pleurobranchidae

Nudibranchia - Nudibranchs


Bathydorididae

  • Doridoxa benthalis Barnard, 1963[3]

Dorididae

The following four species are listed as incertae sedis by Gosliner:[3]

  • Doris natalensis Krauss, 1848
  • Doris pseudida Bergh, 1907
  • Doris perplexa Bergh, 1907
  • Doris glabella Bergh, 1907

Actinocyclidae

Chromodorididae

Discodorididae

Phyllidiidae

Dendrodorididae

Mandeliidae

Onchidorididae

Corambidae

Goniodorididae

Polyceridae

Aegiridae

Gymnodorididae

Hexabranchidae

Okadaiidae

  • Okadaia elegans Baba 1931[3]

Charcotiidae

Dotidae

Embletoniidae

Proctonotidae

Arminidae


Tritoniidae

Aranucidae

Bornellidae

Dendronotidae

Scyllaeidae

Tethydidae

Flabellinidae


Fionidae


Eubranchidae


Tergipedidae

Aeolidiidae

Facelinidae

Glaucidae

Family ?

Cavoliniidae

  • Wing footed opisthobranchs Cavolinia spp.[1]

Pulmonata

Onchidiidae

References

  1. Branch, G.M. Griffiths, C.L. Branch, M.L. Beckley, L.E. Two Oceans: A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. 5th impression, David Philip, Cape Town, 2000. ISBN 0-86486-250-4
  2. Kilburn R. N. (1996). Siphonaria compressa. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
  3. Gosliner, Terrence. Nudibranchs of southern Africa: A guide to Opisthobranch molluscs of southern Africa Sea Challengers, Monterey, 1987. ISBN 0-930118-13-8
  4. Jones, Georgina. A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula. SURG, Cape Town, 2008. ISBN 978-0-620-41639-9
  5. Zsilavecz, Guido. Nudibranchs of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay. SURG, Cape Town, 2007. ISBN 0-620-38054-3
  6. Hunt, B.; Strugnell, J.; Bednarsek, N.; Linse, K.; Nelson, R. J.; Pakhomov, E.; Seibel, B.; Steinke, D.; Würzberg, L. (2010). "Poles Apart: The "Bipolar" Pteropod Species Limacina helicina Is Genetically Distinct Between the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans"". PLoS ONE. 5 (3): e9835. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009835. PMC 2847597. PMID 20360985.
  7. Lalli, C.M. & Gilmer, R.W. (1989) Pelagic Snails. The biology of holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs. Stanford University Press: Stanford, California.
  8. https://www.itis.gov accessed 5 January 2010
  9. King, Dennis. Fraser, Valda. More reef fishes and nudibranchs: East and south coast of southern Africa. Struik, Cape Town, 2002
  10. Barnard, K.H. (1927). "South African nudibranch Mollusca, with descriptions of new species, and a note on some specimens from Tristan d'Acunha". Annals of the South African Museum. 25: 171–215 pls. 119–120.
  11. Shipman, C.; Gosliner, T. (2015). "Molecular and morphological systematics of Doto Oken, 1851 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia), with descriptions of five new species and a new genus". Zootaxa. 3973 (1): 57. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3973.1.2. PMID 26249713.

Further reading

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