List of countries by government budget
The list is mainly based on CIA World Factbook for the year 2016 and 2019.[1] The Chinese, Brazilian, Indian, and United States government budgets are the figures reported by the International Monetary Fund.[2]
The table includes information from government's budgets; namely revenues, expenditures and the resulting deficits or surpluses. The countries are ranked by their budget revenues in fiscal year 2016. Both sovereign states and dependent territories are included.
List
These figures are given as millions USD.
Rank | Country | Revenues | Expenditures | Surplus (or deficit) | Surplus percentage of GDP | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | United States | 5,923,829 | 9,818,534 | −3,894,705 | −18.72% | 2020 est.[3] |
2 | China | 3,622,313 | 5,388,814 | −1,766,501 | −11.88% | 2020 est.[3] |
3 | Germany | 1,729,224 | 2,038,247 | −309,203 | −8.18% | 2020 est.[3] |
4 | Japan | 1,666,454 | 2,362,676 | −696,222 | −14.15% | 2020 est.[3] |
5 | France | 1,334,944 | 1,609,710 | −274,766 | −10.77% | 2020 est.[3] |
6 | United Kingdom | 966,407 | 1,400,776 | −434,369 | −16.46% | 2020 est.[3] |
7 | Italy | 863,785 | 1,103,721 | −239,936 | −12.98% | 2020 est.[3] |
8 | Canada | 598,434 | 917,271 | −318,837 | −19.92% | 2020 est.[3] |
9 | Spain | 481,945 | 657,750 | −175,805 | −14.09% | 2020 est.[3] |
10 | India | 468,739 | 807,771 | −339,032 | −13.07% | 2020 est.[3] |
11 | Russia | 468,651 | 546,027 | −77,376 | −5.29% | 2020 est.[3] |
12 | Australia | 459,546 | 593,856 | −134,310 | −10.06% | 2020 est.[3] |
13 | Brazil | 382,441 | 611,308 | −228,867 | −16.78% | 2020 est.[3] |
14 | Korea, South | 363,120 | 414,452 | −51,332 | −3.24% | 2020 est.[3] |
15 | The Netherlands | 352,603 | 430,220 | −77,617 | −8.76% | 2020 est.[3] |
16 | Mexico | 254,256 | 314,598 | −63,342 | −5.80% | 2020 est.[3] |
17 | Belgium | 251,395 | 308,553 | −57,158 | −11.35% | 2020 est.[3] |
18 | Sweden | 251,009 | 282,223 | −31,214 | −5.90% | 2020 est.[3] |
19 | Poland | 236,464 | 297,249 | −60,785 | −10.46% | 2020 est.[4] |
20 | Switzerland | 234,445 | 264,232 | −29,787 | −4.21% | 2020 est.[3] |
21 | Austria | 209,667 | 252,524 | −42,857 | −9.90% | 2020 est.[3] |
22 | Norway | 196,144 | 202,684 | −6,540 | −1.79% | 2020 est.[3] |
23 | Saudi Arabia | 193,054 | 264,984 | −71,930 | −10.56% | 2020 est.[3] |
24 | Turkey | 188,258 | 239,421 | −51,163 | −7.88% | 2020 est.[3] |
25 | Denmark | 180,287 | 193,831 | −13,544 | −3.99% | 2020 est.[3] |
26 | Finland | 142,215 | 160,544 | −18,329 | −6.84% | 2020 est.[3] |
27 | Israel | 128,865 | 178,465 | −49,600 | −12.94% | 2020 est.[4] |
28 | Indonesia | 128,550 | 197,306 | −68,756 | −6.31% | 2020 est.[3] |
29 | Argentina | 126,414 | 170,113 | −43,699 | −11.42% | 2020 est.[4] |
30 | Thailand | 107,054 | 133,588 | −26,534 | −5.21% | 2020 est.[4] |
31 | Czech Republic | 98,263 | 115,932 | −17,669 | −7.30% | 2020 est.[4] |
32 | Taiwan | 94,207 | 123,779 | −29,572 | −4.65% | 2020 est.[4] |
33 | Greece | 93,889 | 111,371 | −17,482 | −8.99% | 2020 est.[4] |
34 | Portugal | 93,433 | 111,948 | −18,515 | −8.35% | 2020 est.[4] |
35 | Ireland | 93,221 | 117,149 | −23,928 | −6.00% | 2020 est.[4] |
36 | United Arab Emirates | 92,063 | 127,095 | −35,032 | −9.90% | 2020 est.[4] |
37 | South Africa | 76,434 | 116,118 | −39,684 | −14.04% | 2020 est.[4] |
38 | New Zealand | 72,532 | 90,431 | −17,899 | −9.25% | 2020 est.[4] |
39 | Romania | 72,093 | 95,944 | −23,851 | −9.59% | 2020 est.[4] |
40 | Egypt | 69,331 | 96,432 | −27,101 | −7.49% | 2020 est.[5] |
41 | Colombia | 68,813 | 93,921 | −25,108 | −9.48% | 2020 est.[4] |
42 | Malaysia | 68,113 | 90,082 | −21,969 | −6.53% | 2020 est.[4] |
43 | Hungary | 65,689 | 78,103 | −12,414 | −8.28% | 2020 est.[4] |
44 | Philippines | 63,252 | 92,876 | −29,624 | −8.06% | 2020 est.[4] |
45 | Kuwait | 61,174 | 70,401 | −9,227 | −8.49% | 2020 est.[4] |
46 | Singapore | 59,678 | 96,031 | −36,353 | −10.77% | 2020 est.[4] |
47 | Vietnam | 57,837 | 78,348 | −20,511 | −6.02% | 2020 est.[4] |
48 | Iran | 57,273 | 115,463 | −58,190 | −9.59% | 2020 est.[4] |
49 | Hong Kong | 57,184 | 97,436 | −40,252 | −11.79% | 2020 est.[4] |
50 | Ukraine | 55,612 | 66,722 | −11,110 | −7.81% | 2020 est.[5] |
51 | Iraq | 54,756 | 85,972 | −31,216 | −17.53% | 2020 est.[4] |
52 | Qatar | 52,250 | 47,773 | 4,477 | 3.03% | 2020 est.[5] |
53 | Chile | 50,660 | 72,024 | −8,160 | −8.71% | 2020 est.[4] |
54 | Slovakia | 43,113 | 51,118 | −8,005 | −8.84% | 2020 est.[5] |
55 | Pakistan | 42,951 | 65,718 | −22,767 | −8.01% | 2020 est.[4] |
56 | Algeria | 41,474 | 58,397 | −16,923 | −11.49% | 2020 est.[4] |
57 | Peru | 35,869 | 54,286 | −18,417 | −9.41% | 2020 est.[4] |
58 | Kazakhstan | 29,576 | 38,318 | −8,742 | −5.27% | 2020 est.[5] |
59 | Bangladesh | 25,971 | 47,569 | −21,598 | −6.80% | 2020 est.[5] |
60 | Angola | 11,243 | 13,004 | −1,761 | −2.81% | 2020 est.[5] |
62 | Ecuador | 32,300 | 37,700 | −5,400 | −5.5 % | 2017 est.[1] |
63 | Luxembourg | 27,600 | 27,380 | 220 | 0.4% | 2017 est.[1] |
65 | Morocco | 26,630 | 30,710 | −4,080 | −3.7% | 2017 est.[1] |
66 | Croatia | 25,790 | 26,920 | −1,130 | −2.1% | 2017 est.[1] |
67 | Belarus | 22,800 | 22,540 | 260 | 0.5% | 2017 est.[1] |
68 | Oman | 22,680 | 32,070 | −9,390 | −13.0 % | 2017 est.[1] |
69 | Uzbekistan | 20,110 | 19,920 | 190 | 0.3% | 2017 est.[1] |
70 | Slovenia | 20,200 | 20,970 | −770 | −1.6% | 2017 est.[1] |
71 | Bulgaria | 19,530 | 20,310 | −780 | −1.4% | 2017 est.[1] |
72 | Uruguay | 17,690 | 19,900 | −2,210 | −3.7% | 2017 est.[1] |
73 | Libya | 16,330 | 22,320 | −5,990 | −18.0% | 2017 est.[1] |
74 | Serbia | 16,250 | 16,930 | −680 | −1.7% | 2017 est.[1] |
75 | Lithuania | 21,180 | 21,630 | −450 | −1.0% | 2017 est.[1] |
76 | Kenya | 15,370 | 20,180 | −4,810 | −6.1% | 2017 est.[1] |
77 | Bolivia | 15,010 | 17,350 | −2,340 | −6.2% | 2017 est.[1] |
78 | Macau | 14,240 | 10,550 | 3,690 | 7.2% | 2017 est.[1] |
79 | Nigeria | 13,970 | 22,150 | −8,180 | −2.1% | 2017 est.[1] |
80 | Sri Lanka | 12,640 | 16,660 | −4,020 | −4.8% | 2017 est.[1] |
81 | Panama | 12,600 | 13,560 | −960 | −1.6% | 2017 est.[1] |
82 | Ethiopia | 12,110 | 14,630 | −2,520 | −3.2% | 2017 est.[1] |
83 | Dominican Republic | 11,180 | 12,770 | −1,590 | −2.1% | 2017 est.[1] |
84 | Lebanon | 10,900 | 15,990 | −5,090 | −9.7% | 2017 est.[1] |
85 | Latvia | 10,130 | 10,430 | −300 | −1.0% | 2017 est.[1] |
86 | Azerbaijan | 9,852 | 10,400 | −548 | −1.4% | 2017 est.[1] |
87 | Iceland | 9,962 | 9,735 | 227 | 0.9% | 2017 est.[1] |
88 | Estonia | 9,772 | 9,890 | −118 | −0.5% | 2017 est.[1] |
89 | Tunisia | 9,397 | 11,610 | −2,213 | −5.6% | 2017 est.[1] |
90 | Puerto Rico | 9,268 | 9,974 | −706 | −0.7% | 2017 est.[1] |
91 | Ghana | 9,236 | 12,380 | −3,144 | −6.9% | 2017 est.[1] |
92 | Burma | 9,211 | 11,450 | −2,239 | −3.3% | 2017 est.[1] |
93 | Jordan | 9,157 | 11,810 | −2,653 | −6.5% | 2017 est.[1] |
94 | Guatemala | 8,335 | 9,600 | −1,265 | −1.8% | 2017 est.[1] |
95 | Costa Rica | 8,262 | 11,340 | −3,078 | −5.2% | 2017 est.[1] |
96 | Sudan | 8,198 | 13,400 | −5,202 | −4.4 % | 2017 est.[1] |
97 | Tanzania | 7,872 | 9,271 | −1,399 | −2.7% | 2017 est.[1] |
98 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 7,798 | 7,996 | −198 | −1.1% | 2017 est.[1] |
99 | Cyprus | 7,677 | 7,875 | −198 | −0.9% | 2017 est.[1] |
100 | Cote d'Ivoire | 7,121 | 8,886 | −1,765 | −4.4% | 2017 est.[1] |
101 | Trinidad and Tobago | 6,916 | 7,838 | −922 | −4.5% | 2017 est.[1] |
102 | Nepal | 6,993 | 8,833 | −1,840 | -6.74% | 2018 actual[6] |
103 | Venezuela | 5,521 | 10,382 | −4,861 | −10.00% | 2019 est.[4] |
51 | Cuba | 52,360 | 60,570 | −8,210 | −10.1% | 2017 est.[1] |
103 | El Salvador | 5,756 | 6,751 | −995 | −3.6% | 2017 est.[1] |
104 | Botswana | 5,609 | 6,072 | −463 | −2.8% | 2017 est.[1] |
105 | Bahrain | 5,463 | 9,281 | −3,818 | −11.3% | 2017 est.[1] |
106 | Paraguay | 5,366 | 5,876 | −510 | −1.8% | 2017 est.[1] |
107 | Cameroon | 5,154 | 6,964 | −1,810 | −5.9% | 2017 est.[1] |
108 | Zambia | 4,895 | 7,050 | −2,155 | −8.4% | 2017 est.[1] |
109 | Honduras | 4,376 | 5,086 | −710 | −3.1% | 2017 est.[1] |
110 | Turkmenistan | 4,436 | 4,703 | −267 | −0.6% | 2017 est.[1] |
111 | Malta | 4,295 | 4,354 | −59 | −0.5% | 2017 est.[1] |
112 | Cambodia | 4,268 | 4,690 | −422 | −1.9% | 2017 est.[1] |
113 | Georgia | 4,260 | 4,852 | −592 | −3.9% | 2017 est.[1] |
114 | Jamaica | 4,207 | 4,150 | 57 | 0.4% | 2017 est.[1] |
115 | Uganda | 4,019 | 5,268 | −1,249 | −4.7% | 2017 est.[1] |
116 | Namibia | 3,967 | 4,759 | −792 | −6.3% | 2017 est.[1] |
117 | Senegal | 3,863 | 4,474 | −611 | −3.8% | 2017 est.[1] |
118 | Nicaragua | 3,800 | 4,074 | −274 | −2.0% | 2017 est.[1] |
119 | Papua New Guinea | 3,649 | 4,763 | −1,114 | −5.1% | 2017 est.[1] |
120 | Zimbabwe | 3,600 | 4,800 | −1,200 | −7.0% | 2017 est.[1] |
121 | Albania | 3,486 | 3,765 | −279 | −2.1% | 2017 est.[1] |
122 | Yemen | 3,467 | 5,232 | −1,765 | −6.9% | 2017 est.[1] |
123 | North Macedonia | 3,314 | 3,655 | −341 | −3.0% | 2017 est.[1] |
124 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 3,238 | 3,366 | −128 | −0.3% | 2017 est.[1] |
125 | Korea, North | 3,200 | 3,300 | −100 | - | 2007 est.[1] |
126 | Laos | 3,144 | 4,098 | −954 | −5.6% | 2017 est.[1] |
127 | Equatorial Guinea | 3,186 | 3,431 | −245 | −2.4% | 2017 est.[1] |
128 | Gabon | 3,122 | 3,991 | −869 | −6.0% | 2017 est.[1] |
129 | Mali | 3,068 | 3,584 | −516 | −3.4% | 2017 est.[1] |
130 | Mauritius | 2,912 | 3,337 | −425 | −3.5% | 2017 est.[1] |
131 | Moldova | 2,796 | 3,027 | −231 | −2.9% | 2017 est.[1] |
132 | Mozambique | 2,758 | 3,607 | −849 | −6.9% | 2017 est.[1] |
133 | Palestine | 2,750 | 4,077 | −1,327 | −9.9% | 2014 est.[1] |
134 | Burkina Faso | 2,635 | 3,332 | −697 | −5.3% | 2017 est.[1] |
135 | Mongolia | 2,623 | 3,711 | −1,088 | −10.0% | 2017 est.[1] |
136 | Armenia | 2,536 | 2,910 | −374 | −3.4% | 2017 est.[1] |
137 | Congo, Republic of the | 2,516 | 3,336 | −820 | −10.5% | 2017 est.[1] |
138 | Tajikistan | 2,214 | 2,316 | −102 | −1.4% | 2017 est.[1] |
139 | Kyrgyzstan | 2,050 | 2,304 | −254 | −3.6% | 2017 est.[1] |
140 | Bahamas | 2,100 | 2,600 | −500 | −5.5% | 2017 est.[1] |
141 | Eritrea | 2,029 | 2,601 | −585 | −9.5% | 2017 est.[1] |
142 | Afghanistan | 1,992 | 6,636 | −4,644 | −22.1% | 2016 est.[1] |
143 | French Polynesia | 1,891 | 1,833 | 58 | - | 2012[1] |
144 | Rwanda | 1,874 | 2,255 | −381 | −4.3% | 2017 est.[1] |
145 | Andorra | 1,872 | 2,060 | −322 | −6.9% | 2016[1] |
146 | Niger | 1,680 | 2,235 | −555 | −6.0% | 2017 est.[1] |
147 | Montenegro | 1,620 | 1,950 | −330 | −7.5% | 2016 est.[1] |
148 | Haiti | 1,580 | 2,251 | −671 | −8.0% | 2017 est.[1] |
149 | Greenland | 1,578 | 1,876 | −298 | −13.5% | 2015[1] |
150 | Guinea | 1,559 | 1,868 | −309 | −3.4% | 2017 est.[1] |
151 | Togo | 1,469 | 1,700 | −231 | −4.8% | 2017 est.[1] |
152 | Fiji | 1,446 | 1,687 | −241 | −4.8% | 2017 est.[1] |
153 | Brunei | 1,435 | 4,017 | −2,582 | −21.6 % | 2017 est.[1] |
154 | Kosovo | 1,396 | 1,610 | −214 | −3.2% | 2017 est.[1] |
155 | Benin | 1,372 | 2,261 | −889 | −9.4% | 2017 est.[1] |
156 | Barbados | 1,350 | 1,650 | −300 | −6.2% | 2017 est.[1] |
157 | Malawi | 1,298 | 1,612 | −314 | −5.0% | 2017 est.[1] |
158 | Madagascar | 1,292 | 1,725 | −443 | −4.1% | 2017 est.[1] |
159 | Mauritania | 1,248 | 1,301 | −53 | −1.1% | 2017 est.[1] |
160 | US Virgin Islands | 1,223 | 1,551 | −328 | - | 2013[1] |
161 | Chad | 1,178 | 1,522 | −344 | −3.5 % | 2017 est.[1] |
162 | Swaziland | 1,150 | 1,475 | −325 | −8.1% | 2016 est.[1] |
163 | Guam | 1,147 | 1,188 | −41 | - | 2013 est.[1] |
164 | Lesotho | 1,057 | 1,160 | −103 | −3.8 % | 2017 est.[1] |
165 | Syria | 1,033 | 3,177 | −2,144 | −8.7% | 2017 est.[1] |
166 | Faroe Islands | 836 | 884 | −48 | −1.7% | 2014 est.[1] |
167 | New Caledonia | 996 | 1,072 | −76 | - | 2001 est.[1] |
168 | Liechtenstein | 995 | 890 | 105 | 1.6% | 2012 est.[1] |
169 | Isle of Man | 965 | 943 | 22 | - | FY05/06 est.[1] |
170 | Bermuda | 960 | 1,154 | −194 | - | 2016 est.[1] |
171 | Maldives | 960 | 1,156 | −196 | −3.7% | 2016 est.[1] |
172 | Guyana | 939 | 1,152 | −213 | −5.9% | 2017 est.[1] |
173 | Monaco | 915 | 973 | −59 | −0.9% | 2011 est.[1] |
174 | Cayman Islands | 870 | 732 | 138 | 6.2% | 2016 est.[1] |
175 | Jersey | 829 | 851 | −22 | - | 2005[1] |
176 | Djibouti | 700 | 865 | −165 | −8.0% | 2017 est.[1] |
177 | Aruba | 697 | 752 | −55 | - | 2016 est.[1] |
178 | Bhutan | 693 | 819 | −126 | −5.4% | 2017 est.[1] |
179 | Sierra Leone | 684 | 963 | −279 | −7.1% | 2017 est.[1] |
180 | San Marino | 668 | 713 | −45 | −2.9% | 2011 est.[1] |
181 | Liberia | 626 | 728 | −102 | −4.7% | 2017 est.[1] |
182 | Burundi | 608 | 749 | −141 | −4.2% | 2017 est.[1] |
183 | Seychelles | 572 | 557 | 15 | 1.0% | 2017 est.[1] |
184 | Guernsey | 564 | 531 | 33 | - | 2005[1] |
185 | Suriname | 546 | 806 | −260 | −7.1% | 2017 est.[1] |
186 | Belize | 500 | 550 | −50 | −2.7% | 2017 est.[1] |
187 | Gibraltar | 476 | 452 | 24 | - | 2008 est.[1] |
188 | South Sudan | 437 | 2,259 | −1,822 | −62.5% | FY 2013 est.[1] |
189 | Cabo Verde | 437 | 464 | −27 | −1.5% | 2017 est.[1] |
190 | Solomon Islands | 435 | 472 | −37 | −2.9% | 2017 est.[1] |
191 | Saint Lucia | 402 | 431 | −29 | −1.7% | 2017 est.[1] |
192 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 370 | 370 | 0 | 0 | 2017 est.[1] |
193 | Vatican City | 315 | 348 | −33 | - | 2013[1] |
194 | Timor-Leste | 300 | 2,200 | −1,900 | −70.0% | 2017 est.[1] |
195 | British Virgin Islands | 300 | 300 | 0 | - | 2016 est.[1] |
196 | Antigua and Barbuda | 296 | 323 | −27 | −1.8% | 2017 est.[1] |
197 | Grenada | 269 | 285 | −16 | −0.5% | 2017 est.[1] |
198 | Somalia | 260.1 | 260.1 | 0 | − | 2017 est.[1] |
199 | Northern Mariana Islands | 246 | 250 | −3 | - | 2013 est.[1] |
200 | American Samoa | 241 | 244 | −3 | - | 2013 est.[1] |
201 | Samoa | 233 | 272 | −39 | - | 2016 est.[1] |
202 | Central African Republic | 231 | 271 | −40 | −2.0% | 2017 est.[1] |
203 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 226 | 187 | 38 | - | 2016 est.[1] |
204 | Guinea-Bissau | 226 | 213 | −41 | −3.2% | 2017 est.[1] |
205 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 222 | 267 | −37 | −4.5% | 2017 est.[1] |
206 | Micronesia, Federated States of | 214 | 192 | 22 | - | FY12/13 est.[1] |
207 | Vanuatu | 204 | 207 | −3 | −0.5% | 2017 est.[1] |
208 | Kiribati | 198 | 180 | 18 | - | 2013 est.[1] |
209 | Gambia | 187 | 370 | −183 | −17.6% | 2017 est.[1] |
210 | Comoros | 149 | 183 | −34 | −5.2 % | 2017 est.[1] |
211 | Dominica | 148 | 148 | 0 | - | 2016 est.[1] |
212 | Tonga | 133 | 133 | 0 | - | 2016 est.[1] |
213 | Palau | 124 | 98 | 26 | - | 2012 est.[1] |
214 | Marshall Islands | 117 | 114 | 3 | - | 2013 est.[1] |
215 | Sao Tome and Principe | 114 | 123 | −7 | −2.5% | 2017 est.[1] |
216 | Anguilla | 95 | 86 | 8 | - | 2016 est.[1] |
217 | Cook Islands | 87 | 78 | 9 | - | 2010[1] |
218 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 70 | 60 | 10 | - | 1996 est.[1] |
219 | Falkland Islands | 67 | 75 | −8 | - | FY09/10[1] |
220 | Nauru | 58 | 52 | 6 | - | 2010 est.[1] |
221 | Tuvalu | 43 | 32 | 10 | - | 2013 est.[1] |
222 | Montserrat | 37 | 37 | 0 | - | 2016 est.[1] |
223 | Niue | 15 | 16 | −1 | - | FY04/05[1] |
224 | Saint Helena and Dependencies | 9 | 22 | −13 | - | FY06/07 est.[1] |
225 | Norfolk Island | 5 | 5 | 0 | - | FY99/00[1] |
226 | Pitcairn Islands | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | FY04/05[1] |
227 | Tokelau | 1 | 3 | −2 | - | 1987 est.[1] |
228 | Wallis and Futuna | - | 2004[1] | |||
- | Christmas Island | - | - | - | - | -[1] |
- | Cocos (Keeling) Islands | - | - | - | - | -[1] |
- | Svalbard | - | - | - | - | -[1] |
- | Western Sahara | - | - | - | - | -[1] |
World | 25,187,602 | 35,648,089 | −10,460,487 | -41.53% | Calculation |
See also
- List of countries by government budget per capita
- List of countries by tax revenue as percentage of GDP
- List of countries by government spending as percentage of GDP
Europe:
- List of sovereign states in Europe by budget revenues
- List of sovereign states in Europe by budget revenues per capita
United States:
Notes
References
- "Tk 5,23,190cr budget passed in JS". The Daily Star. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org.
- "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- "Budget Speech of Fiscal Year 2019/20" (PDF). Ministry of Finance, Nepal. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- Rey, Aika. "What's in the proposed 2017 national budget?". Rappler.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.