List of Acacia species

Several cladistic analyses have shown that the genus Acacia is not monophyletic. While the subg. Acacia and subg. Phyllodinae are monophyletic, subg. Aculeiferum is not. This subgenus consists of three clades. Therefore, the following list of Acacia species cannot be maintained as a single entity, and must either be split up, or broadened to include species previously not in the genus. This genus has been provisionally divided into 5 genera, Acacia, Vachellia, Senegalia, Acaciella and Mariosousa. The proposed type species of Acacia is Acacia penninervis.[1]

SEM image of Acacia pollen (about 50 microns long)

Which of these segregate genera is to retain the name Acacia has been controversial. The genus was previously typified with the African species Acacia scorpioides (L.) W.F.Wright, a synonym of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile. Under the original typification, the name Acacia would stay with the group of species currently recognized as the genus Vachellia. Orchard and Maslin[2] proposed a retypification of the genus Acacia with the species Acacia penninervis Sieber ex DC., an Australian species that is a member of the largest clade within Acacia, a primarily Australian group formerly recognized as Acacia subgenus Phyllodinae, on the basis that this results in the fewest nomenclatural changes. Although this proposal met with strong disagreement by some authors,[3] it was accepted on 16 July 2005 by the XVII International Botanical Congress in Vienna, Austria.[4] Consequently, the name Acacia is conserved for 948 Australian species, 7 in the Pacific Islands, 1 or 2 in Madagascar and 10 in tropical Asia. Those outside Australia are split between the genera Acaciella, Mariosousa, Senegalia, and Vachellia. This decision was upheld at the 2011 Congress.[5]

In its new circumscription, the genus Acacia (now limited to the Australian species) has seven subgenera—Alatae (an artificial section), Botrycephalae, Juliflorae, Lycopodiifoliae, Plurinerves, Phyllodinae, and Pulchellae (see below). The other species, distributed in the Indian Ocean, tropical Asia and tropical America are now classified under

  • Vachellia (former subgenus Acacia): 160+ species (pantropical)
  • Senegalia (former subgenus Aculeiferum): 200+ species (pantropical)
  • Parasenegalia: 7 species (pantropical)
  • Pseudosenegalia: 2 species (Boliva)
  • Acaciella (former subgenus Aculeiferum section Filicinae): 15 species (Americas)
  • Mariosousa: 13 species related to (and including) Acacia coulteri (Americas)

Two Australian acacias were re-classified under Vachellia, and another two under Senegalia.

Species list

This is a list of species that belong to Acacia sensu stricto.[6] For species that have been transferred to other genera, see Acaciella, Mariosousa, Senegalia, and Vachellia.

Subgenus Alatae
Acacia alata

Subgenus Botrycephalae
Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata) - fruit

Subgenus Juliflorae (Benth.) Maiden & Betche
Acacia aneura
Earpod Wattle (Acacia auriculiformis)
Acacia denticulosa
Foliage and blossoms of Acacia longifolia
Mangium Wattle (Acacia mangium)
Acacia oxycedrus, Bunyip State Park, Victoria
Acacia triptera

Subgenus Lycopodiifoliae Pedley

Subgenus Phyllodineae
Acacia acinacea
Acacia boormanii
Acacia covenyi at Australian National Botanic Gardens
Acacia genistifolia
Acacia inaequilatera
Acacia myrtifolia
Queensland Silver Wattle (Acacia podalyriifolia)
Swamp Wattle (Acacia retinodes)
Acacia stricta
Acacia verniciflua
Acacia sertiformis

Subgenus Plurinerves (Benth.) Maiden & Betche
Formosa Acacia (Acacia confusa)
Acacia elongata
Koa (Acacia koa)
Koaiʻa (Acacia koaia)
Australian Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
Acacia rigens

Subgenus Pulchellae
Acacia nigricans

Incertae Sedis

Hybrids
  • Acacia adoxa var. adoxa × spondylophylla
  • Acacia adsurgens × rhodophloia
  • Acacia ampliceps × bivenosa
  • Acacia ampliceps × sclerosperma subsp. sclerosperma
  • Acacia ancistrocarpa × arida
  • Acacia ancistrocarpa × citrinoviridis
  • Acacia ancistrocarpa × hilliana
  • Acacia ancistrocarpa × orthocarpa
  • Acacia aphanoclada × pyrifolia var. pyrifolia
  • Acacia arida × stellaticeps
  • Acacia ayersiana × incurvaneura
  • Acacia baileyana × dealbata
  • Acacia bivenosa × sclerosperma subsp. sclerosperma
  • Acacia caesaneura × incurvaneura
  • Acacia citrinoviridis × tumida var. pilbarensis
  • Acacia craspedocarpa × macraneura
  • Acacia craspedocarpa × ramulosa
  • Acacia ×daweana Maslin
  • Acacia decurrens × mearnsii
  • Acacia dodonaeifolia × paradoxa
  • Acacia eriopoda × monticola
  • Acacia eriopoda × trachycarpa
  • Acacia eriopoda × tumida var. pilbarensis
  • Acacia eriopoda × tumida var. tumida
  • Acacia glaucocaesia × synchronicia
  • Acacia ×grayana J.H.Willis
  • Acacia hilliana × stellaticeps
  • Acacia incurvaneura × mulganeura
  • Acacia ligulata × sclerosperma subsp. sclerosperma
  • Acacia longifolia × oxycedrus
  • Acacia monticola × trachycarpa
  • Acacia monticola × tumida var. kulparn
  • Acacia monticola × tumida var. pilbarensis
  • Acacia mucronata × acutata
  • Acacia ×nabbonandii Nash
  • Acacia oxycedrus × sophorae
  • Acacia rhodophloia × sibirica
  • Acacia ×sphaerostachya E.Pritzel
  • Acacia stellaticeps × trachycarpa
  • Acacia trachycarpa × tumida var. pilbarensis

References
  1. Thiele, Kevin R. (February 2011). "The controversy over the retypification of Acacia Mill. with an Australian type: A pragmatic view" (PDF). Taxon. 60 (1): 194–198. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  2. A. E. Orchard and B. R. Maslin, 2003. (1584) Proposal to conserve the name Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) with a conserved type. Taxon 52(2): 362–363.
  3. M. Luckow, C. Hughes, B. Schrire, P. Winter, C. Fagg, R. Fortunato, J. Hurter, L. Rico, F. J. Breteler, A. Bruneau, M. Caccavari, L. Craven, M. Crisp, A. Delgado S., S. Demissew, J. J. Doyle, R. Grether, S.Harris, P. S. Herendeen, H. M. Hernandez, A. M. Hirsch, R. Jobson, B. B. Klitgaard, J.-N. Labat, M. Lock, B. MacKinder, B. Pfeil, B. B. Simpson, G. F. Smith, M. Sousa S., J. Timberlake, J. G. van der Maesen, A. E. Van Wyk, P. Vorster, C. K. Willis, J. J. Wieringa and M. F. Wojciechowski, 2005. Acacia: The Case against Moving the Type to Australia. Taxon 54(2): 513–519.
  4. "Acacia name issue". Break-up of the genus Acacia. World Wide Wattle. 2005. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  5. "The Acacia Debate". Science In Public. 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-03.
  6. Maslin B.. "List of Acacia sensu lato species". World Wide Wattle. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  7. Maslin BR, Barrett MD, Barrett RL (2013). "A baker's dozen of new wattles highlights significant Acacia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) diversity and endemism in the north-west Kimberley region of Western Australia". Nuytsia. 23: 543–587.
  8. Acacia lespedleyi P.I.Forst. (Mimosaceae), a new and geographically restricted species from south-east Queensland
  9. APNI: Acacia equisetifolia. Australian Plant Name Index.
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